Kalkuletan tattaruwar molar na shuɗin methylene: nau'in hydrate da tushen gwajin abun ciki

Nauyi iri ɗaya na shuɗin methylene na iya samar da tattaruwar molar daban-daban, gwargwadon nau'in ƙwayarsa da yadda aka bayyana gwajin abun cikinsa. Lissafin da ya yi amfani da nauyin chloride marar ruwa ya bambanta da wanda ya yi amfani da nauyin hydrate. Gwajin abun ciki bisa busasshen abu yana kawo wani bambanci: kaso da aka ruwaito ba ya bayyana abin kai tsaye yadda yake lokacin da aka auna nauyinsa.

Buɗe kalkuletan tattaruwar molar na shuɗin methylene domin shigar da nauyi, ƙarar magani ta ƙarshe, nau'in ƙwayar sinadari, da tushen lissafi. Yana aiki a burauzarka, yana nuna dabara bayan an saka ƙimomin, kuma yana bayar da sakamako a mol/L, mmol/L, da µmol/L. Misalan da ke ƙasa lissafin dakin gwaje-gwaje ne, ba zaɓin adadin da za a ba mutum ko dabba ba.

Abin da sakamakon yake aunawa

Molarity shi ne sunan da aka saba amfani da shi don tattaruwar adadin sinadari. Ma'anar tattaruwar adadin sinadari ta IUPAC tana raba adadin wani ɓangaren gauraya da ƙarar gaurayar:

c = n / V

A nan, n shi ne adadin shuɗin methylene a mol, kuma V ita ce ƙarar magani ta ƙarshe a lita. Ga abu mai tsabta na takamaiman nau'i, n = m / M, inda m yake nauyi a gram, kuma M yake nauyin molar a g/mol. Waɗannan dangantaka sun bi ma'anonin nauyin molar da tattaruwa na NIST.

Mai rabawa ita ce ƙarar bayan narkewa. “100 mL na magani na ƙarshe” da “an ƙara 100 mL na ruwan narkarwa” bayanan shiri ne daban-daban. Lissafi ba zai iya warware wannan rashin tabbas bayan an gama ba.

Zaɓi abin kafin ka zaɓi nauyin molarsa

Don lissafin chloride marar ruwa, wannan kayan aiki yana amfani da 319.85 g/mol. Don trihydrate da aka tabbatar a takardu, yana amfani da 373.90 g/mol. Ƙayyadaddun bayanan trihydrate na Thermo Fisher sun bayyana dabarar sinadarin da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin ruwa uku da wannan nauyin molar na ƙarshe. Ruwa yana ƙara nauyin da aka auna ba tare da ƙara wani rukuni na shuɗin methylene ba.

Ka yi la'akari da shirye-shirye biyu bisa zato, kowanne yana ɗauke da 100 mg na abu mai tsabta a cikin 100 mL na magani na ƙarshe:

Waɗannan misalan lissafi ne, ba sakamakon aunawa ba. Amfani da mai rabawa na nau'in marar ruwa ga trihydrate mai tsabta zai nuna tattaruwa da ta fi ta gaskiya da kusan 16.9%. Ƙara lambobin bayan alamar goma ba zai gyara zato marar kyau game da abin ba.

Kwalbar da aka bayyana kawai a matsayin “hydrate” ba ta tabbatar da takamaiman adadin ƙwayoyin ruwa ba. Saboda haka, kalkuletan ba ya yin lissafi bisa zato idan ba a bayyana adadin ruwan haɗin lu'ulu'u ba. Don fahimtar ilimin sinadarin da ke bayan wannan, duba nau'ikan ƙwayar shuɗin methylene da ruwan haɗin lu'ulu'u.

Daidaita gwajin abun ciki da nauyin da yake bayyanawa

Muhimmin tambayar ba kawai “Wane kaso ne yake kan takardar shaida?” ba ce. Ita ce “Kason me, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin wane sinadari?” Kalkuletan yana ware ma'anoni huɗu:

A cikin waɗannan dabaru, a shi ne kason gwajin abun ciki da aka raba da 100; d shi ne kason raguwar nauyi yayin busarwa da ya dace da shi, da aka raba da 100. Dabara ta ƙarshe sauyawa ce ta ma'aunin nauyi tsakanin tushen rahoto da aka bayyana a sarari. Ta dace ne kawai idan gyaran busarwa ya dace da ma'anar gwajin abun ciki.

Gabatarwar bayanin sinadari na USP tana bayyana gwajin abun cikinta a matsayin shuɗin methylene marar ruwa bisa busasshen abu, kuma tana bayar da zangon karɓuwa na 97.0–103.0%. Sakamakon nazari da ya wuce 100% ba yana nufin cewa samfurin yana ɗauke da sinadari mai tsabta fiye da nauyin samfurin kansa ba. Kayan aikin yana ba da damar kimanta gwajin abun ciki bisa busasshen abu har zuwa 103%, kuma yana yi wa wannan sakamakon lakabi da kimantawar nazari.

Misalin lissafi: sakamako bisa busasshen abu

A ɗauka cewa bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje sun rubuta 100.0 mg na abu, gwajin abun ciki na 99.0% daidai da nau'in marar ruwa bisa busasshen abu, raguwar nauyi yayin busarwa da aka auna ta 14.0% wadda ta dace da shi, da 100.0 mL na magani na ƙarshe. Waɗannan ƙimomi na misali ne.

1. Sauya nauyin da aka auna: 100.0 mg = 0.1000 g.
2. Yi amfani da rabon nauyin busasshen abu: 0.1000 × 0.860 = 0.0860 g.
3. Yi amfani da ƙimar gwajin abun ciki: 0.0860 × 0.990 = 0.08514 g daidai da chloride marar ruwa.
4. Sauya zuwa adadin sinadari, sannan a raba da ƙara: 0.08514 / (319.85 × 0.1000) = 2.662 mmol/L.

Kada kuma a raba da nauyin molar na trihydrate. An riga an bayyana mai rabuwa a matsayin abin da ya yi daidai da chloride marar ruwa. Ƙara gyaran hydrate zai ƙirga gyaran ruwa sau biyu.

Idan maimakon haka bayanan sun bayyana kai tsaye 85.14% daidai da nau'in marar ruwa yadda aka karɓa, yanayin lissafi na yadda abin yake zai bayar da amsa iri ɗaya ba tare da shigar da bayanin busarwa dabam ba. Daidaituwar waɗannan hanyoyi biyu tana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da lissafin.

Lokacin da bayanan da ake da su ba su isa ba

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba lallai su zama sakamakon aunawar rukunin samarwa ba. Misali, jerin samfurin hydrate na shuɗin methylene na Merck yana bayar da mafi ƙarancin gwajin abun ciki da aka lissafa bisa busasshen abu, mafi girman raguwar nauyi yayin busarwa, da nauyin ƙwayar sinadari bisa nau'in marar ruwa duk da bayyana shi a matsayin hydrate. Saka waɗannan iyakoki kamar ƙimomin da aka auna zai samar da kimantawa guda ɗaya wadda jerin samfurin bai tabbatar da ita ba.

Haka kuma, kason gwajin abun ciki da ba a bayyana tushensa ba ko kason fadin siginar chromatogram ba ya tabbatar da rabon nauyin da ake buƙata a nan kai tsaye. Samo hanyar bayyana sakamakon daga takardar shaida ko mai samarwa. Jagorar karanta takardar shaidar nazarin shuɗin methylene tana bayyana abubuwan da za a bincika a takardar.

Filaye marasa bayanai, nauyi ko ƙara da yake sifili ko ƙasa da sifili, raka'o'in da ba a tallafa wa ba, da rashin tushen gwajin abun ciki suna haifar da saƙon kuskure maimakon sakamako. Canza bayanin da aka shigar yana maye gurbin sakamakon da ya gabata, har ma idan sabuwar ƙimar ba ta inganta ba. Ana ƙin lissafin da lambobinsa suka wuce iyakar da tsarin zai iya sarrafawa. Kayan aikin ba ya gwada ko abu zai iya narkewa a wannan tattaruwar, ko narkewar ta cika, ko kuma abin da aka shirya ya ci gaba da kasancewa daidaitacce.

Tabbatar ana iya maimaita lissafin

Rubuta rukunin samarwa, nau'in ƙwayar sinadari, sakamakon gwajin abun ciki da tushensa, duk wani gyaran busarwa, nauyin da aka auna, ƙarar ƙarshe, da yanayin shiri. Ka bayar da rahoto da matakin daidaiton da ma'auninka ya tabbatar kawai; lambobin da kalkuletan yake nunawa don sauƙaƙawa ne.

Don maganin asali da aka riga aka rubuta bayanansa, yi amfani da lissafin tsarma shuɗin methylene na dabam. Don lakabin kaso, fara duba sauye-sauyen tattaruwar shuɗin methylene. Tattaruwar molar daidai ko kason da aka sauya daidai ba ya ƙayyade yadda ya kamata a ba da wani abu.