Isihloko
Ubuthi be-methylene blue nokweqisa umthamo: okudinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphuthumayo
Ngemva kokusolwa kokuchayeka ku-methylene blue okungaba kubi kakhulu, funa ukuhlolwa uchwepheshe ngokushesha. Ungalindi izimpawu noma ubale umthamo oweqile okuthiwa uphephile. Uma umuntu ewa, equleka ngokudlikiza, enenkinga yokuphefumula, noma engakwazi ukuvuswa, shayela inombolo yendawo yakini yezimo eziphuthumayo. E-United States, shayela u-911 kulezi zimo eziphuthumayo; kwezinye izimo, xhumana ne-Poison Control ku-1-800-222-1222 ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko ngokuchayeka. Lezi zimpawu ezidinga usizo oluphuthumayo zisekelwe eziqondisweni zosizo lokuqala ze-National Capital Poison Center.
Inkulumo ethi “ubuthi be-methylene blue” ingachaza izimo ezimbili ezihlukene: ubuthi uchwepheshe wezempilo asebenzisa i-methylene blue ukubelapha, kanye nokulimala okubangelwa i-methylene blue uqobo. Ukuzididanisa kungaholela ekutheni umuntu athathe okwengeziwe kwaleyo nto uqobo edinga ukuhlolwa.
Umuthi oqeda ubuthi wesifo esithile segazi
I-hemoglobin engaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ihambisa umoya-mpilo ezicutshini. Ku-methemoglobinemia, ingxenye engavamile yale hemoglobin iba sesimweni se-methemoglobin, okuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa komoya-mpilo. Incazelo ye-MedlinePlus nge-methemoglobinemia ihlukanisa izinhlobo ezitholwa ngofuzo nesifo esitholakala ngenxa yokuchayeka ezintweni ezifana nemithi ethile noma amakhemikhali. Izimpawu zingahlanganisa isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nezinguquko ezingeni lokuphaphama.
I-methylene blue efakwa emthanjeni iyindlela yokwelapha i-methemoglobinemia engatholwanga ngofuzo. Inhloso yayo ukusiza ukubuyisela i-hemoglobin esebenza kahle. Lokho yisizathu esithile sokusetshenziswa ekwelapheni, hhayi ukwelashwa okuvamile kwanoma yibuphi ubuthi noma kwanoma yikuphi ukubonakala kwesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umhlahlandlela we-methylene blue ekwelapheni i-methemoglobinemia uchaza lowo mongo wokwelashwa.
| Umbuzo | Ukusetshenziswa ukuqeda ubuthi | Ukuchayeka okusolwayo okungabangela ubuthi |
|---|---|---|
| Iyini inkinga yokuqala? | I-methemoglobinemia engatholwanga ngofuzo etholwe futhi yahlolwa ochwepheshe bezempilo | Ukuchayeka ku-methylene blue okungabangela ukulimala |
| Iyiphi indima ye-methylene blue? | Umuthi okhethelwe isizathu esithile sokwelapha | Into ochwepheshe bezempilo okufanele bayicabangele njengembangela engaba khona yokugula |
| Yiluphi ulwazi olubalulekile? | Ukuxilongwa, izici zesiguli, ukusabela ekwelashweni | Umkhiqizo, indlela yokuchayeka, inani, isikhathi, izimpawu, neminye imithi |
| Kufanele umfundi enzeni? | Alandele imiyalelo yethimba elilaphayo | Axhumane nesikhungo sobuthi noma abezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha |
Lo mehluko usabalulekile lapho ukuchayeka kokuqala bekungamabomu futhi kuchazwe njengokusebenzisa isithasiselo noma ukwelashwa kokuthuthukisa impilo. Isizathu sokuthatha into ethile asiqinisekisi ukuthi ukuchayeka kuyo kuphephile.
Ukuthi ubuthi bungabonakala kanjani
Iziqondiso ze-National Capital Poison Center nge-methylene blue zichaza isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, nokushintsha kombala ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokuphambana kokuthi imithamo ephezulu ingabangela i-methemoglobinemia. Umchamo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uwodwa awulinganisi ubukhulu bokuchayeka. Ngokufanayo, izindebe ezisanda kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokuphelelwa umoya akufanele kuthathwe nje njengokungcoliswa udayi.
Ubuthi obuhlobene ne-serotonin bungenye into ekhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona imithi esebenzisana nayo. Umkhuhlane, ukungahlaliseki noma ukudideka, ukujuluka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha, nokuqina kwemisipha kungavela ndawonye. Izimpawu ezintsha ngemva kokuchayeka zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphuthumayo; umfundi akufanele azame ukuzixilonga esebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola.
Ulwazi lokunquma ukusetshenziswa kwe-PROVAYBLUE luchaza ne-hemolysis, okusho ukubhidlika kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kanye nokungezwani okukhulu nomuthi. Ukushoda kwe-G6PD kuyisimo lapho lo muthi kungafanele usetshenziswe khona ngenxa yengozi ye-anemia ebangelwa ukubhidlika kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. I-anemia ingavela ngemva kosuku noma ngaphezulu kokwelashwa. Ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okunomsindo onjengokukhala, noma ukuncipha komoya-mpilo egazini kuphakathi kwemiphumela ebikiwe yokweqisa umthamo. Ngakho ukuzizwa uphilile ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka akuqinisekisi ukuthi izinkinga ngeke zivele kamuva.
Ilebula lixwayisa ngemithi ethinta i-serotonin kanye nama-opioid, kuhlanganise nengozi ehambisana ne-dextromethorphan. Nikeza ochwepheshe uhlu oluphelele lwemithi. Incazelo yokushoda kwe-G6PD ne-methylene blue ichaza esinye isizathu sokuthi izimo zomuntu ngamunye zibaluleke.
Kungani indlela yokuchayeka ishintsha umbuzo
Ukugwinya uketshezi oluncibilikiswe into ethile, ukujovwa, ukuchaphazeleka esweni, nokuhogela impushana kuyizindlela ezihlukene zokuchayeka. Bika indlela okwenzeke ngayo ngempela, ngisho noma ihlukile endleleni umkhiqizo ohloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngayo. “Amaconsi amabili” akuwona ulwazi oluphelele ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kusetshenziswe liphi ibhodlela; “isirinji eyodwa” akuwona ulwazi oluphelele ngaphandle kokwazi ukugxila kwento nobungako boketshezi. Umhlahlandlela wokuchaza amayunithi omthamo we-methylene blue uchaza lowo mehluko ezilinganisweni.
Incazelo ye-Poison Control yamagama aphathelene nokuchayeka nokweqisa umthamo iveza umehluko owusizo: ukuchayeka kuchaza ukuthintana nento engaba yingozi, kanti ukuba nobuthi kuchaza imiphumela elimazayo. Ukushayela mayelana nokuchayeka akudingi ukuthi uqale uqinisekise ukuthi ubuthi sebukhona. Indlela yokuchayeka, inani, isikhathi, nezimpawu kusiza ochwepheshe banqume ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okunjani.
Uma into ichaphazele esweni, qala ukuligeza ngokushesha ngamanzi asezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni imizuzu engu-15–20 futhi ukhiphe amalensi okuxhumana. Uma isikhumba singcoliswe yile nto, khumula izingubo ezithintekile bese ugeza ngamanzi agobhozayo okungenani imizuzu engu-15. Ngemva kokuhogela, hamba uye endaweni enomoya ohlanzekile ngaphandle kokungena endaweni engaphephile. Thola iziqondiso zesikhungo sobuthi ngesikhathi noma ngemva kwalezi zinyathelo zosizo lokuqala. Ungazibangeli ukuhlanza ngemva kokugwinya umkhiqizo. Usizo lokuqala akufanele lubambezele usizo oluphuthumayo uma kunezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu.
Uhlu lokuhlola ulwazi lokuchayeka
Sebenzisa lezi zikhumbuzo ngesikhathi ushaya ucingo. Ungakuhlehlisi ukushaya ucingo ukuze uqedele ithebula. Funda amalebula njengoba ebhaliwe; uma ungaqinisekile ngomniningwane othile, wuphawule njengongaziwa kunokuba uqagele. Isithombe singagcina imininingwane yelebula ngaphandle kokudlulisela ikhemikhali kwesinye isitsha.
| Ulwazi okufanele ulubike | Imininingwane okufanele uyibhale noma uyifunde ngokuzwakalayo |
|---|---|
| Umuntu nesimo sakhe samanje | Iminyaka; isisindo esilinganiselwe uma saziwa; ukuthi uphapheme futhi uyasabela yini; ukuthi uphefumula ngendlela evamile yini; indawo akuyo manje |
| Umkhiqizo oqondile | Igama nomenzi; ukugxila kwento namayunithi njengoba kubhaliwe; izithako; ubukhulu bebhodlela; ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe; isithombe selebula noma isitsha sokuqala |
| Isigameko sokuchayeka | Ukugwinya, ukujovwa, iso, isikhumba, noma ukuhogela; isikhathi noma isilinganiso esihle kakhulu saso; isigameko esisodwa noma ukuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe; inani elilinganiselwe nokuthi lalinganiswe kanjani |
| Izimpawu nezinguquko | Okwenzeke kuqala; ukuthi izimpawu ziqale nini; ukuthi ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi yini; ukuhlanza, izinguquko ekuphefumuleni, ukudideka, umkhuhlane, noma izimpawu zemisipha |
| Isimo sezempilo nezinyathelo ezithathiwe | Imithi, izithasiselo, nezinye izinto ezithathiwe; ukushoda kwe-G6PD okwaziwayo; ukukhulelwa; isifo sezinso noma sesibindi; ukugeza ngamanzi noma ezinye izinyathelo esezithathiwe |
Uma inani lingaqinisekile, chaza ubufakazi: ngokwesibonelo, “Ibhodlela belivuliwe futhi olunye uketshezi alusekho; akekho obone umuntu elugwinya.” Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kunokuguqula ukungaqiniseki kube umthamo obonakala unembile. Gcina isitsha sitholakala ukuze ithimba lochwepheshe lisibone uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo.
Ayikho inqubo yasekhaya yokusebenzisa umuthi oqeda ubuthi
Ungathathi enye i-methylene blue, amalahle acushiwe, noma enye into ukuze “uqede” ukuchayeka ngaphandle kweziqondiso zochwepheshe. Iziqondiso ze-NHS ngobuthi zeluleka ngokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kusolwa ubuthi, zixwayisa ngokuthi izimpawu zingabambezeleka, futhi zeluleka ngokungazibangeli ukuhlanza noma ukunganikezi ukudla noma okuphuzwayo ngesikhathi kusalindwe usizo. Ukwelashwa nokubhekwa kwesiguli kuncike entweni ethintekayo nakulokho okutholakala ekuhlolweni kwezempilo.
Ilebula le-methylene blue lithi ngemva kokweqisa umthamo kufanele kuqashwe ubuthi obuthinta inhliziyo namaphaphu, igazi, nesimiso sezinzwa, kuthathwe nezinyathelo zokusekela isiguli uma kudingeka. Liphinde liphawule ukuthi i-methylene blue ingaphazamisa izilinganiso zedivayisi yokukala umoya-mpilo egazini. Isilinganiso somoya-mpilo esithathwa ekhaya asikwazi ukuthatha indawo yokuhlolwa.
Kunesizathu esihlobene nendlela le nto esebenza ngayo sokuthi ukubala amaconsi kungakwazi ukuxazulula ingozi yokusebenzisana neminye imithi. Ocwaningweni lwama-enzyme luka-Ramsay nozakwabo lwango-2007, i-methylene blue yavimbela ukusebenza kwe-monoamine oxidase A yomuntu ehlanzisiwe, i-enzyme ebandakanyeka ekucutshungulweni kwe-serotonin emzimbeni. Lokhu kwakuwukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, hhayi ucwaningo oluchaza inani eliphephile lokuthathwa ngomlomo noma umkhawulo wokweqisa umthamo. Iseluleko sezempilo ngokuchayeka kufanele sicabangele umkhiqizo wangempela, indlela yokuchayeka, isiguli, nezinye izinto ezihilelekile.