I-methyl blue ayiyona i-methylene blue: izinombolo ze-CAS, izakhiwo, nokusetshenziswa

Kunamabhodlela amabili etafuleni lokusebenza. Elinye libhalwe ukuthi methyl blue. Elinye libhalwe ukuthi methylene blue. Umfundi okhathele ubona igama elifanayo kabili. Ngokwekhemistri, lawa ngama-molecule amabili ahlukene.

Lokhu kuyinkinga yokuqanjwa kwamagama enemiphumela engokoqobo. Uma u-oda udayi ongafanele, ukudaya kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile, inkomba ye-redox ayibonakali, noma ingxube iqukethe isakhi samakhemikhali esingakaze siqinisekiswe muntu. Isixazululo silula: thatha igama elivamile njengomkhondo, bese usebenzisa isihlonzi ukwenza isinqumo. Hlola inombolo ye-CAS, inombolo ye-Colour Index, nesimo se-hydrate ngaphambi kwakho konke okunye.

Impendulo emfushane

I-methylene blue ingudayi omncane we-phenothiazine oneshaji ephozithivu, i-C.I. 52015, owakhiwe nge-chromophore ehlangene enezindandatho ezintathu namaqembu amabili e-dimethylamino. I-methyl blue ingudayi omkhulu we-triarylmethane oneshaji enegethivu, i-C.I. 42780, owakhiwe ngamayunithi e-triphenylmethane anamaqembu e-sulfonate. Zombili ziseqenjini lombala ofanayo futhi zinengxenye yegama efanayo. Cishe akukho okunye ezifana ngakho.

I-toluidine blue O isondelene kakhulu ne-methylene blue. Zombili zingodayi be-thiazine abaneshaji ephozithivu, kodwa i-toluidine blue O ineqembu elilodwa le-amino kanye neqembu le-methyl elixhunywe endandathweni lapho i-methylene blue ineqembu layo lesibili le-dimethylamino. Lolo shintsho oluncane lushintsha indawo yokumunca ukukhanya kakhulu kanye nokukhetha kwayo izingxenye ezidaywayo, ngakho nazo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.

Ithebula lobunikazi: hlola lezi zinkambu kuwo wonke ama-oda

Amagama akumakhathalogi ayaguquguquka. Abathengisi basebenzisa amagama afanayo ngaphandle kokunemba. Izinkambu ezingezansi aziguquguquki, futhi isitifiketi sokuhlaziya esilungiswe kahle siyazibala. I-PubChem ibhalisa i-methylene blue njenge-methylthioninium chloride, i-C.I. Basic Blue 9, okuyisisekelo sokubhekisela kukho konke okulandelayo.

Imininingwane emibili kuleli thebula idala amaphutha amaningi okuthenga. Okokuqala, i-methylene blue inezinombolo eziningana ze-CAS zezimo ezihlukene ze-hydrate, futhi u-122965-43-9 usho i-hydrate engacacisiwe kunokuba asho i-trihydrate ethile (7220-79-3), njengoba kubhalwe ekuqhathanisweni kwezihlonzi ku-monograph ye-USP. Ukukala usebenzisa isisindo sefomula esingafanele kushintsha buthule wonke amazinga okujiya abalwa kamuva. Okwesibili, uhlu lwamagama afanayo lwe-toluidine blue O lomunye umthengisi luhlanganisa igama elithi Methylene Blue T50, okusho ukuthi ukusesha ikhathalogi ngegama kuphela kungakunika udayi ohluke ngokuphelele.

Isakhiwo sichaza ukuziphatha

Cabanga ngama-chromophore amabili ebekwe eceleni komunye nomunye, bese ukudideka kuyaphela. I-methylene blue yakhelwe ohlelweni lwe-phenothiazinium: izindandatho ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe ezinesibabule ne-nitrogen endandathweni ephakathi kanye neqembu le-dimethylamino ekugcineni ngakunye. Ingxenye enombala iyi-methylthioninium cation ehambisana ne-anion ye-chloride. Incane, iyisicaba, ineshaji ephozithivu, futhi ibopha kalula izingxenye zamangqamuzana ezineshaji enegethivu.

Isisindo se-methyl blue sicishe sibe izikhathi ezimbili nengxenye salokho. Umbala wayo uvela esizindeni se-triphenylmethane esinamaqembu e-anilino phenyl anamaqembu e-sulfonate, futhi ihlinzekwa njengosawoti we-disodium. Lawo maqembu e-sulfonate ayenza ibe udayi we-asidi oneshaji enegethivu, okuphambene neshaji ye-methylene blue, futhi ibopha izinhlobo zezicubu ezihluke ngokuphelele. Lapho i-methylene blue ingena emangqamuzaneni futhi ibamba iqhaza emijikelezweni ye-redox, i-methyl blue isetshenziswa ukudaya i-collagen nezicubu ezixhumanisayo, futhi njenge-Cotton Blue ekulungiseleleni amasampula esikhunta, njengasezinqubweni ze-lactophenol cotton blue. Ukusebenzisa omunye esikhundleni somunye akukhiqizi umphumela ofanayo obuthakathaka. Kukhiqiza isilingo esihlukile.

I-toluidine blue O igcina uhlaka lwe-phenothiazinium, ngakho ukuziphatha kwayo kuyafana nokwe-methylene blue kodwa akufani ncamashi. Ukumunca kwayo ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kuseduze no-626 nm, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-methylene blue ecishe ibe ku-660 kuya ku-665 nm. Ukudaya kwayo ngokushintsha umbala ezingxenyeni zezicubu ezine-asidi (izinhlayiyana zama-mast cell, ama-mucin, uqwanga, nezakhi ezicebile ngama-nucleic acid) kulandela ukukhetha kwayo okuchazwe ezibuyekezweni ze-histology. Ilabhorethri esebenzisa i-TBO esikhundleni se-methylene blue kufanele ilindele ukushintsha kwama-spectra nomehluko ohlukile wokubonakala kwezingxenye, hhayi enye into eshibhile enikeza umphumela ofanayo.

Ukuthi udayi ngamunye usetshenziselwani ngempela

I-methylene blue yaqala njengodayi wezindwangu, yabe isisetshenziswa ku-bacteriology, i-hematology, nasekuhloleni ngesibonakhulu, umlando ofingqiwe emibhalweni yomlando wayo. Indima yayo yesibili ingeyamakhemikhali: isimo esenziwe i-oxidation siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti i-leucomethylene blue esenziwe i-reduction cishe ayinambala, okuyenza isebenze njengenkomba ye-redox. Indima yayo yesithathu isemithini. I-methylthioninium chloride iyisithako somuthi onikezwa ngencwadi kadokotela i-PROVAYBLUE, ogunyazwe ukwelapha i-methemoglobinemia etholakele, futhi leyo ndima yezokwelapha yiyo eyenza izimfuneko zobumsulwa zibe ngaphezu kakhulu kwamazinga okudaya amasampula noma izindwangu. Indlela i-methylene blue esebenza ngayo njengodayi we-redox ichaza indlela esebenza ngayo kulezi zindlela zokusetshenziswa.

I-methyl blue ayikaze idlule kulolo hambo. Isengudayi wephepha, izindwangu, isikhumba, namasampula okuhlolwa ngesibonakhulu: ingudayi oqinisekisiwe we-collagen ezinqubweni zohlobo lwe-Mallory zezicubu ezixhumanisayo, isetshenziswa esikhundleni se-fast green ezinguqulweni ze-Gomori trichrome, futhi ingudayi wesikhunta ku-mycology. Eminye imikhiqizo ye-methyl blue inebanga lokubonisa i-pH elicishe libe ngu-9.4 kuya ku-14. Akukho kulokho okuyenza ibe umuthi osebenza nge-redox, futhi asikho isitifiketi sokudaya esingayiguqula ibe yiwo.

I-toluidine blue O ngokuyinhloko ingudayi wamasampula ezinto eziphilayo onezici zokushintsha umbala lapho ubopha izakhi ezithile, osetshenziswa ku-histology naku-microbiology. Ngokwehlukile, isetshenziswa futhi njengodayi wezicubu eziphilayo emtholampilo osiza ukucacisa imingcele yezilonda ezisolisayo emlonyeni ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwesampula yezicubu. Iyindlela esizayo yokukhetha izindawo zokuthatha amasampula ezicubu, hhayi into ethatha indawo ye-histopathology. Noma ubani oqhathanisa i-toluidine blue ne-methylene blue ngenhloso yokuxilonga noma yokwakha ingxube kufanele aqhathanise ama-spectra, izicubu eziqondiswe kuzo, nemibhalo yezinga lomkhiqizo, hhayi amagama.

Amagama asondelene adukisa abathengi

Amanye amagama amathathu afanele ukufakwa ohlwini lokuhlola lokuqinisekisa. I-New Methylene Blue N ayiyona i-methylene blue. Iyi-C.I. 52030 (CAS 1934-16-3), i-phenothiazine enamaqembu e-ethyl kanye namaqembu e-methyl axhunywe ezindandathweni, esetshenziswa ku-histology naku-hematology, futhi izindlela zokudaya nge-new methylene blue zichazwe emibhalweni yayo ehlukile. I-Azure B isondelene kakhulu: iwuhlobo olufana ne-methylene blue olukhishwe iqembu elilodwa le-methyl ku-N (CAS 531-55-5, C.I. 52010). Iphinde ibe umkhiqizo omkhulu wokuguqulwa kwe-methylene blue emzimbeni kanye nokungcola okubhaliwe okutholakala emkhiqizweni we-methylene blue, okuyisizathu sokuthi uhlelo lwe-USP luhlanganise into yokubhekisela ye-methylene blue nezinga lokubhekisela le-Azure B. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi ezimbili, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuhlonza izinhlobo zokungcola, kuchazwe ku-Azure B njengokungcola nanjengomkhiqizo wokuguqulwa emzimbeni. I-crystal violet, ngezinye izikhathi ethengiswa ngegama elidala elithi gentian violet, ingudayi we-triarylmethane (CAS 548-62-9, C.I. 42555) ongenayo nhlobo indandatho ye-thiazine.

Qinisekisa ubunikazi ngaphambi kokukhokha

Incazelo eqinile yezimfuneko zokuthenga ibiza ikhemikhali ngqo, inombolo ye-CAS, inombolo ye-C.I., isimo se-hydrate, nezinga lomkhiqizo, bese ikuqinisekisa ngokubheka isitifiketi sokuhlaziya kunokubheka ilebula elingaphambili. Indawo yokumunca ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu iwukuhlola okusheshayo nokuzimele: i-methylene blue eduze no-665 nm, i-toluidine blue O eduze no-626 nm, i-methyl blue eduze no-595 kuya ku-605 nm ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi ezicaciselwe yona. Isiqongo endaweni engafanele sisho ukuthi udayi awufanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhodlela lithini.

Imibhalo yezinga lomkhiqizo iphendula umbuzo ohlukile kowobunikazi bekhemikhali. Ukuqinisekiswa yi-Biological Stain Commission kuhlola iqoqo elithile lomkhiqizo ukuze kutholakale inani likadayi elikuwo nokusebenza kwawo ekudayeni, okubalulekile uma inhloso kuwukuphinda kutholakale imiphumela efanayo yokudaya. Ukuhambisana ne-USP kubhekana nobunikazi bekhemikhali yomuthi, ubumsulwa, ukungcola kwamakhemikhali e-organic, izincibilikisi ezisele, ukungcola kwezakhi zamakhemikhali, nokulawulwa kwamagciwane, okubalulekile uma into izofakwa emzimbeni. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zinenhloso ethi ayifane kodwa zehlukile kulokho ezikuhlolayo, ngakho isitifiketi esisodwa asikwazi ukuthatha indawo yesinye.

Yilapho ukuthenga umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu kuba yinto ebambekayo. Ubumsulwa obuphezulu bubalulekile ngoba i-methylene blue engahambisani ne-USP ngokuvamile ingeyezinga lezindwangu, inokungcola okufana ne-Azure B, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma izincibilikisi ezisele okungahlolwa yinoma iyiphi inqubo yokudaya. Abathengisi abaningi abathi bahambisana ne-USP bahlola izinsimbi ezisindayo kuphela bese bethi konke kulungile. Ukuhambisana okuphelele kuhlanganisa ubunikazi, ukuhlolwa kwenani lesithako, ukungcola kwamakhemikhali e-organic, izincibilikisi ezisele, ukungcola kwezakhi zamakhemikhali, insalela ngemva kokushiswa, imikhawulo yamagciwane, nama-endotoxin ebhaktheriya, futhi indlela yokukhetha i-methylene blue yezinga lemithi ichaza indlela yokufunda leyo mibhalo. I-Blupreme isebenza nomkhiqizi we-methylene blue yezinga lemithi, ihlola zonke izimfuneko ze-USP, futhi ishicilela i-COA ephelele, okuyincazelo engokoqobo yokunamathela ekuqinisekiseni ubunikazi okunconywa yile ndatshana.