Isihloko
I-methylene blue ne-autism: lokho ucwaningo olucashuniwe olukuhlole ngempela
I-methylene blue ayikaqinisekiswa njengokwelashwa kwe-autism. Imithombo ehlolelwe lesi sihloko ayihlanganisi isivivinyo esilawulwayo ezigulini esibonisa ukuthi i-methylene blue iyodwa ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwabantu abane-autism noma imiphumela ehlobene ne-autism. Ihlanganisa isivivinyo sedivayisi yokukhanya, ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri nolokubheka okwenzekayo, kanye nombiko wesiguli esisodwa esathola izindlela eziningi zokwelashwa. Leyo mibhalo iphendula imibuzo ehlukene.
Isinyathelo sokuqala esiwusizo ukufunda isigaba sendlela yokungenelela ephepheni locwaningo elicashuniwe. Umbhalo oshicilelwe ungakhuluma nge-methylene blue ngaphandle kokuyinika noma yimuphi umhlanganyeli. Umuntu angathola i-methylene blue ngenxa yenkinga yezempilo engahlobene ne-autism ngaphandle kokuthi lokho kube ucwaningo lokwelashwa kwe-autism.
Isivivinyo sokukhanya asizange sihlole i-methylene blue
Ucwaningo lwango-2024 olwahlukanisa abahlanganyeli ngokungahleliwe lwasebenzisa ukwelashwa okulingisayo njengokuqhathanisa ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili kuya kweyisithupha lwahlola i-photobiomodulation edlula ogebhezini: ukukhanya okusondelene ne-infrared okulethwa esikhunjeni sekhanda kusetshenziswa idivayisi esacwaningwayo. Izingane ezingamashumi amathathu zabamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Le ndlela yokungenelela ayizange ihlanganise i-methylene blue.
Abacwaningi babika umehluko wamaphuzu angu-7.23 phakathi kwamaqembu ekushintsheni kwesilinganiso se-Childhood Autism Rating Scale, ngesikhawu sokuzethemba esingu-95% esisuka ku-2.357 kuya ku-12.107. Lokhu kwakuwumphumela wesikali sokulinganisa ovela esivivinyweni esincane. Akuqinisekisi umphumela we-methylene blue, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa iyodwa noma kanye nokukhanya. Ababhali baveza imikhawulo ehlanganisa inani elincane labahlanganyeli, ukuhoxa nokufakwa kwabanye esikhundleni sabahoxile, kanye nokungaqiniseki ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
Kungani leli phepha lingavela engxoxweni nge-methylene blue? Imithombo eliyicaphunayo ihlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwezindlela lo dayi osebenza ngazo ekuguqulweni kwamandla nezinto ezicutshini zezinzwa. Umthombo ocashuniwe usekela ingxoxo yesendlalelo; awushintshi lokho abahlanganyeli abakuthola. Umehluko phakathi kwe-photobiomodulation nokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-methylene blue ekukhanyeni ubalulekile noma nini lapho uhlelo oluhlanganisa izindlela eziningana luboleka imiphumela yocwaningo olusebenzise ukukhanya kuphela.
Ithebula lokulandelela izimangalo ziye ocwaningweni
Sebenzisa leli thebula ukuqhathanisa isimangalo nombhalo ongase ucashunwe ukuze usisekele. Igama elithi “Kushicilelwe” lichaza ukutholakala kombhalo, hhayi ubufakazi bokusebenza kokwelashwa.
| Isimangalo esihlolwayo | Indlela yokungenelela noma isilinganiso sangempela | Iqembu labahlanganyeli noma imodeli | Umphumela obikiwe | Isimo sokushicilelwa nencazelo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Isivivinyo se-autism sisekela i-methylene blue.” | Ukukhanya okusondelene ne-infrared kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okulingisayo; akukho methylene blue | Izingane ezingu-30 ezineminyaka engu-2–6 | Ushintsho esikalini sokulinganisa i-autism; izilinganiso ze-EEG zokuhlola kokuqala | Isivivinyo sedivayisi yokukhanya esashicilelwa ngo-2024; asikwazi ukuqinisekisa umphumela womuthi |
| “I-methylene blue ilwisana nezimpawu ze-autism ezihlobene ne-endotoxin.” | I-methylene blue yajovwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-LPS noma kokuhlolwa kokuziphatha | Amagundane esilisa kumodeli yokucindezeleka kwengqondo | Ukuphazamiseka okuningi kokuziphatha okubangelwe yisivivinyo kwancipha; kwahlolwa i-heme oxygenase-1 ku-serum | Isivivinyo sezilwane esashicilelwa ku-inthanethi ngo-2018 nasohlelweni lwango-2019; akukho miphumela yeziguli ezine-autism |
| “I-endotoxin iyimbangela ye-autism.” | Izilinganiso ze-endotoxin nezinkomba zamasosha omzimba ku-serum; akukho ukwelashwa | Abantu abadala abangu-22 abachazwe njengabane-autism enzima; abangu-28 bokulawula abakhethwe ukuze bafane nabo | Amazinga aphezulu e-endotoxin nokuhlobana nezilinganiso zokusebenzelana nabanye | Ucwaningo lokubheka okwenzekayo olwashicilelwa ngo-2010; aluqinisekisi imbangela noma inzuzo yokwelashwa |
| “Okutholwe nge-mitochondria kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-methylene blue ifanele ukusetshenziswa.” | Izilinganiso ze-mitochondria yamaseli egazi; akukho ukwelashwa nge-methylene blue | Izingane ezingu-10 ezine-autism ezineminyaka engu-2–5 nezingane ezingu-10 zokulawula | Umehluko ekusebenzeni kwe-mitochondria nasezilinganisweni ze-DNA | Ucwaningo lokuhlola kokuqala olwashicilelwa ngo-2010; akukho mphumela wokulinganisa ukusebenza komuthi |
| “Umbiko wesiguli esisodwa ufakazela ukuthi i-methylene blue iyasebenza.” | Izinhlelo zokwelashwa ngama-antimicrobial ezazishintsha, kuhlanganise ne-methylene blue, kanye nezindlela zokusekela | Umuntu oyedwa osemusha otholakale enezimo eziningana | Izinguquko ezimpawini ezabhalwa umzali nokuthuthuka ekuhlolweni kwezemfundo | Umbiko wesiguli esisodwa owashicilelwa ngo-2023; awukwazi ukuhlukanisa igalelo le-methylene blue |
| “Ucwaningo selumenyezelwe, ngakho inzuzo isibonisiwe.” | Indlela yokungenelela ehlongozwayo kufanele ihlolwe ohlelweni lwangempela locwaningo | Imibandela yokufaneleka ichaza abahlanganyeli abahlosiwe | Imiphumela ehlelelwe ukukalwa ayiyona imiphumela esibhekiwe | Isimemezelo noma ukubhaliswa kukodwa akunikezi imininingwane ngemiphumela yeziguli |
Lokho isivivinyo se-endotoxin esikubonisa ngempela
Ingxoxo esithangamini exhumanisa i-methylene blue, i-autism ne-endotoxin ibonisa ukuthi izimangalo eziningana zingahlanganiswa kanjani. Iwumthombo wemibuzo yabafundi, hhayi ubufakazi bezokwelapha.
Elinye iphepha elifanele yisivivinyo sika-Yin nozakwabo emagundaneni mayelana nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okubangelwa yi-LPS. I-LPS, noma i-lipopolysaccharide, yasetshenziselwa ukubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala kumodeli yokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Abacwaningi banika amagundane i-methylene blue ngomjovo emgodini we-peritoneum ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-LPS noma kokuhlolwa kokuziphatha. Balinganisa ukuziphatha lapho amagundane ephoqelelwa ukubhukuda nalapho elengiswa ngomsila, ukukhetha i-sucrose, ukubona izinto ezake zabonwa, kanye nenkomba esegazini.
Lolu hlelo locwaningo lubuza ukuthi ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kuyazishintsha yini izimpendulo ekuphazamisekeni okubangelwe ngenhloso esivivinyweni. Alubuzi ukuthi i-methylene blue ephuzwa ngomlomo iyamsiza yini umuntu omdala one-autism okhathele, iyazinciphisa yini izimpawu zezingane eziphathelene nesisu namathumbu, noma iyayishintsha yini i-autism. Futhi aluhloli ukudla “okungenayo i-endotoxin” noma lufakazele ukuthi lo dayi uqeda amagciwane asemathunjini akhiqiza i-endotoxin.
Ukuhlobana okutholwe kubantu kungokunye okutholakele okuhlukile. U-Emanuele nozakwabo balinganisa i-endotoxin kubantu abadala abangu-22 abane-autism nakwabangu-28 bokulawula, bathola amazinga aphezulu eqenjini eline-autism nokuhlobana nezilinganiso zokusebenzelana nabanye. Akuzange kuhlolwe ukwelashwa okwehlisa i-endotoxin. Umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu awuphenduli ukuthi yini ebangela enye, yiziphi ezinye izici ezinomthelela, nokuthi ukushintsha leso silinganiso kungamsiza yini umuntu. Ucwaningo nge-methylene blue nomphakathi wezinto eziphilayo ezincane emathunjini ludinga ukuhlukaniswa okufanayo phakathi kwezilinganiso zezinto eziphilayo nenzuzo esigulini.
Imibono nge-mitochondria nombiko wesiguli esisodwa esathola izindlela eziningi zokwelashwa
Ama-mitochondria abamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwamandla emangqamuzaneni. Lokho kuwenza abe into enengqondo yokugxila kuyo ocwaningweni, kodwa into enengqondo yokucwaningwa ayisona isizathu esiqinisekisiwe sokusebenzisa ukwelashwa. Ocwaningweni luka-Giulivi nozakwabo lokuhlola kokuqala, abacwaningi baqhathanisa ama-mitochondria kuma-lymphocyte ezingane ezingu-10 ezine-autism nalawo ezingane ezingu-10 zokulawula. Bathola umehluko ezilinganisweni eziningana zokusebenza nasezilinganisweni ze-DNA ye-mitochondria. Abazange banikeze i-methylene blue noma baqinisekise iphutha elilodwa le-mitochondria elitholakala kubo bonke abantu abane-autism.
Olunye uhlobo lobufakazi luvela embikweni wango-2023 wesiguli esisodwa esisemusha owawuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngama-antimicrobial. I-methylene blue yayingenye yezinto eziningana ezethulwa ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa ezazishintsha ngenxa yokusolwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezidluliselwa yizinto eziphilayo ezithwala amagciwane. Ababhali bachaza ukuthuthuka ezimpawini ezabhalwa umzali nasekuhlolweni kwezemfundo. Kwakungekho qembu elingelashiwe lokuqhathanisa, futhi izindlela eziningana zokungenelela zashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lo mbiko awukwazi ukusitshela ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye eyaba negalelo. Awuqinisekisi ukuthi ukutheleleka yikona okuchaza i-autism ngokujwayelekile.
Chaza umphumela ngaphambi kokucabangela ukwelashwa
Umuntu one-autism ofuna ukukhululeka ekukhathaleni, ekungalalini, ebuhlungwini, ekukhathazekeni noma ezimpawini zesisu namathumbu ufanelwe ukuhlolwa kwaleyo nkinga ethile. Ukuthuthuka kokulala kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ngaphandle kokubonisa ushintsho ku-autism uqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ushintsho enanini elikalwe elabhorethri lungase lungabi nomthelela obonakalayo empilweni yomuntu.
Kunoma yisiphi isimangalo esisha, bhala umphumela ohlosiwe, ukuthi ukalwe ubani, ukuthi kuqhathaniswe nani, nokuthi ukuthuthuka kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani. Hlukanisa izinhloso zomuntu uqobo nezinga lempilo yakhe nombono womuntu obukayo wokuthi uziphatha ngendlela evame ukubonakala kwabanye. Ukuhlola uhlelo lokusebenzisa i-methylene blue ku-inthanethi kusho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inhlanganisela yalo yacwaningwa.
Isimemezelo sichaza ucwaningo oluhlosiwe. Umbhalo wokubhaliswa kocwaningo ungachaza ukubhaliswa kwabahlanganyeli okuhleliwe nemiphumela ehlelelwe ukukalwa. Akukho kokubili okuthatha indawo yemiphumela ebonisa ukuthi bangaki abantu abelashwa, kwenzekani eqenjini ngalinye, nokuthi yiziphi izehlakalo ezingathandeki ezenzeka. Ngisho nocwaningo olumakwe njengoluqediwe lungase lungabi nemiphumela ebikwe emphakathini.
Imininingwane yamanje yase-US yokubhalelwa i-ProvayBlue efakwa emthanjeni iphathelene ne-methemoglobinemia etholakele, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa ezinganeni. Ayinikezi uhlelo lokwelashwa kwe-autism. Ixwayisa nge-serotonin syndrome enzima uma isetshenziswa nemithi ethinta i-serotonin kanye nama-opioid, futhi iyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa lapho kune-G6PD deficiency ngenxa yengozi ye-hemolytic anemia. Lezi zindaba zidinga ukuhlolwa kwemithi esetshenziswayo nomlando wezempilo, hhayi ukubalwa komthamo ku-inthanethi.
Unganciphisi uhlelo lomuntu omdala lokuthuthukisa impilo ukuze ulunike ingane. Ubufakazi nge-methylene blue ezinganeni kufanele buhambisane nesimo esitholakele, ukwakheka komuthi, indlela yokuwunikeza neqembu leminyaka. Ucwaningo olulandelwe lapha aluqinisekisi umthamo we-autism oqondene nezingane noma ukwelashwa nge-methylene blue kokukhathala okuhambisana ne-autism.