Isihloko
I-methylene blue yamaqanda ezinhlanzi nokusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuchanyuselwa
I-methylene blue inomsebenzi ocacisiwe ekunakekelweni kwamanye amaqanda ezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa: ukulawula ukukhula kwesikhunta ngesikhathi sokufukamela. Lokho akusho ukuthi zonke izingxube eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zifanele wonke amaqoqo amaqanda. Ithangi lokuzalanisa i-discus, isitsha socwaningo se-zebrafish, nendawo yokuchanyuselwa kwe-trout kuyahluka ngezilwane zakho, izinhlelo zamanzi, izinhloso, nezidingo zokwelapha.
Qala ngokukhomba ukuthi yisiphi kulezo zimo obhekene naso. Bese uhlola umkhiqizo uqobo nenqubo yokunakekela amaqanda. Umbuzo owusizo uthi ingabe ukuchayeka okuhlongozwayo kuyahambisana naleli qoqo lamaqanda, hhayi ukuthi i-methylene blue ivame ukusetshenziswa yini ngabazalanisi bezinhlanzi.
Lokho ukwelashwa kwamaqanda okungakufeza
Imiyalelo yomkhiqizo we-Kordon Methylene Blue ibala ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha isikhunta emaqandeni ezinhlanzi njengokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Ichaza ingxube ethile engu-2.303% esekelwe emanzini. Lowo ngumyalo womkhiqizi walowo mkhiqizo, hhayi ukugunyazwa kokukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi zokudla noma isithembiso semiphumela efanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Ukulawula isikhunta kubhekana nengxenye eyodwa yokufukamela. Akukwazi ukuvundisa iqanda elingavundisiwe noma ukubuyisela umbungu ofile. Ngakho-ke, inani lamaqanda abekelwe nenani lemibungu ephilayo kuyizindawo zokuqala ezihlukene lapho kuhlolwa ukwelashwa.
Inkinga ingasabalala futhi. Isiqondiso se-Hendrix Genetics sokufukamela amaqanda e-trout sichaza ukuthi i-Saprolegnia ikhula kanjani emaqandeni afile bese idlulela emaqandeni aphilile. Isiqondiso sayo sokunakekela sigcizelela ukugcina ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele nokukhipha izinto ezifile ngokuphazamisa kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukufaka ikhemikhali kodwa ushiye amaqanda abolayo endaweni yawo kushiya ingxenye yenkinga ingaxazululiwe.
Uma amaqanda engasabonakali ngaphakathi noma eba nokukhula okufana nokotini, bhala ukuthi yiluphi ushintsho oluvele kuqala. Ukubukeka kukodwa akuchazi ukuthi kungani imibungu ingasindanga. Ukulahlekelwa okuphindaphindiwe kudinga ukubuyekezwa kokuvundiswa, izimo zokufukamela, ukuphathwa, nokutheleleka okungenzeka.
Qondanisa uhlobo nesimo sokusetshenziswa
Leli thebula lihlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa okuchazwe kulebula, inqubo yocwaningo, nesinqumo sokukhiqiza esilawulwa yimithetho. Liwusizo ekukhetheni, hhayi ithebula lemithamo yezinhlobo ezahlukene.
| Uhlobo noma iqembu lamaqanda | Isimo sokufukamela | Okusekela isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-methylene blue | Umkhawulo oyinhloko okufanele uxazululwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amaqanda ezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa | Isitsha esihlukile sokuzalanisa njengomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa | Umkhiqizo we-aquarium onomyalo ocacile wokulawula isikhunta emaqandeni ezinhlanzi | Qinisekisa ingxube, isikhathi sokuchayeka, umthamo wangempela wamanzi, nokufaneleka kohlobo. |
| I-discus, Symphysodon spp. | Amaqanda anamathelayo ekhonenini noma ocezwini lwetshe le-slate, abazali bekhona | Imiyalelo evamile yomkhiqizo wezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa, ihlanganiswe nohlelo lokuzalanisa oluqondene nalolo hlobo | Ukunakekelwa kwamaqanda ngabazali nokondliwa kwezibungu kamuva kwenza ukukhishwa kwamaqanda kube yisinqumo esihlukile. |
| I-zebrafish, Danio rerio | Ingxube yokugcina imibungu yocwaningo noma yokuyithumela | Inqubo yesikhungo nobufakazi bomugqa wayo wofuzo nesigaba sokukhula | Ukusetshenziswa elabhorethri akuqinisekisi ukuthuthuka kokuchanyuselwa kuzo zonke izimo. |
| I-salmon, i-trout, noma ezinye izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko ezikhiqizelwa ukudla | Ukufukamela endaweni yezohwebo yokuchanyuselwa | Ukugunyazwa kwamanje okuqondene nendawo engaphansi kwemithetho ethile nelebula eliqondile lomkhiqizo ogunyaziwe | Ilebula le-methylene blue lezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa alikugunyazi lokhu kusetshenziswa. |
“Indawo yokuchanyuselwa” ichaza isikhungo, hhayi isigaba esisodwa somthetho. Ibhizinisi elizalanisa i-discus yokuhlobisa nelikhiqiza i-trout yokudla womabili angaba namakamelo okufukamela. Ukuthi izilwane zenzelwe ini kubalulekile kanye nohlobo lwazo. Isiqondiso se-methylene blue ekufuyweni kwezilwane zasemanzini nasezinhlanzini zokudla sixoxa ngalowo mehluko ngokuningiliziwe.
Amaqanda e-discus adinga isinqumo sokunakekelwa ngabazali
Amaqanda e-discus anamathela endaweni ethile. Ngokwesiqondiso sase-University of Florida sokufuya i-discus, abazali baqapha amaqanda futhi bawaphephethe ngamaphiko, benyakazisa amanzi anomoya-mpilo phezu kwawo. Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, izibungu ezibhukuda ngokukhululekile zidla amafinyila avela kubazali.
Lezi zici zishintsha umbuzo osebenzayo. Ukuhambisa ikhona uye esitsheni esihlukile sokwelapha kudlulisa nomthwalo wokunyakazisa amanzi futhi kudinga ukuthi umzalisi abe nohlelo lwezibungu. Ukukhetha umuthi kukodwa akunikezi nokukodwa kwalokhu.
Ngaphambi kokuhambisa iqoqo lamaqanda, bhala ukuthi uhlelo luwukukhuliswa ngabazali noma ukukhuliswa ngaphandle kwabazali. Uma ezokhuliswa ngabazali, cabangela izinhlanzi ezindala nalo lonke uhlelo lokuzalanisa lapho uhlola umkhiqizo. Uma ezokhuliswa ngaphandle kwabazali, cacisa ukuthi amaqanda azofukanyelwa kanjani nokuthi izinhlanzi ezisencane zizondliwa kanjani. Akukho kulawa macebo okufanele kuthathwe njengokushiwo umyalo wokwelapha amaqanda.
Imithombo ebuyekezwe lapha ayisunguli ukuchayeka ku-methylene blue okufanele kakhulu okuqondene ne-discus. Ilebula elijwayelekile le-aquarium akufanele lethulwe njengokuqhathanisa okulawulwayo kwamazinga okuchanyuselwa kwe-discus.
Ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni kuyafundisa, kodwa kuncike esimweni
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ye-Zebrafish International Resource Center ichaza ukuthi ingxube yayo yokuthumela imibungu iqukethe i-methylene blue ukuze inciphise ukukhula kwamagciwane uma imibungu ifa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Lena yinqubo yesikhungo ebhalwe phansi enenhloso ethile. Akubona ubufakazi bokuthi yonke imibungu ekhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ikhula kangcono uma kusetshenziswa lo dayi.
Ucwaningo lwango-2020 luka-Peneyra nozakwabo lwahlola izinhlanganisela zokubulala amagciwane emibungwini ye-zebrafish ye-AB ne-casper emahoreni angu-6 nangu-24 ngemva kokuvundiswa. Abacwaningi bahlola ukusinda, ukuchanyuselwa, nokukhubazeka ekukhuleni ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemva kokuvundiswa. Imiphumela ye-methylene blue ekusindeni nasekuchanyuselweni yayihluka ngokwezimo; imiphumela emihle kakhulu yayivame ukutholakala ngezinye izinhlanganisela zokwelapha ezazilandelwa ukunakekelwa ngaphandle kwe-methylene blue.
Lolu kwakuwucwaningo lwezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezihambisana nokubulawa kwamagciwane angaphezulu kusetshenziswa i-sodium hypochlorite. Alusunguli ukuthi i-methylene blue ihlale iyingozi, noma ukuthi imiphumela efanayo iyasebenza emaqandeni e-discus. Lusungula ukuthi kungani ilabhorethri kufanele ihlole lonke uchungechunge lwezinyathelo nesigaba sokukhula kunokuba ithathe udayi njengesithako esingenamthelela engxubeni yokugcina imibungu.
Funda imiyalelo yamaqanda, hhayi imiyalelo yokucwilisa izinhlanzi
Ikhasi le-Kordon linikeza izinqubo ezihlukene zokwelapha amaqanda nokucwilisa izinhlanzi isikhashana. Lokho kuchayeka akushintsheki. Liphinde lixwayise ngokusebenzisa umkhiqizo wayo ezinhlelweni ezijikelezisa amanzi futhi ezihlunga ngokusebenzisa amagciwane, ngoba uphazamisa amagciwane aguqula i-ammonia ibe ama-nitrite nama-nitrate; ikhabhoni ecushiwe iyawususa udayi. Hlola ukuhambisana nezihlungi, izitshalo, namathangi ngaphambi kokuchaya uhlelo lokuzalanisa oluxhumene.
Yenza lokhu kuhlola okune usebenzisa imiyalelo yamanje esebhodleleni:
- Ubunikazi bomkhiqizo: bhala umkhiqizi, ingxube, ukugxila, nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
- Indawo yokwelapha: hlukanisa isitsha sokufukamela amaqanda nokucwiliswa isikhashana noma ukwelashwa kwethangi lonke. Ukuqhathaniswa kokucwiliswa kwezinhlanzi nokwelashwa kwamathangi kuchaza ukuthi kungani lo mehluko ubalulekile.
- Ukuchayeka: thola inani eliyaliwe, umthamo wamanzi okaliwe, isikhathi, nephuzu lokuphetha. Unganqumi umthamo ngokujula kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuqapha: bhala inani lamaqanda ekuqaleni, ubufakazi bokukhula, ukulahlekelwa, inani achanyuselwe, nokusinda okulandelayo kwezinhlanzi ezisencane.
Umthamo wethangi oshiwo akuwona ngempela umthamo wamanzi akulo. Ngokufanayo, imiyalelo eshiwo njengomthamo wengxube eyodwa egxilile ayinakudluliselwa ebhodleleni elinokugxila okuhlukile. Xazulula noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungaqiniseki ngaphambi kokwelapha.
Izindawo zokuchanyuselwa kwezinhlanzi zokudla zidinga isiqalo esihlukile
E-United States, uhlu lwe-FDA lwemithi egunyaziwe yokufuya izilwane zasemanzini lufaka imikhiqizo ye-formalin eshiwo ngamagama yamaqanda ezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko kanye ne-35% PEROX-AID yokufa okuhlobene ne-saprolegniasis emaqandeni ezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko ezifuywa emanzini angenasawoti. I-methylene blue ayikho ohlwini njengomuthi ogunyaziwe wokufuya izilwane zasemanzini. I-Kordon nayo ikubeka ngokucacile ukuthi umkhiqizo wayo awufanele ukusetshenziswa njengomuthi wezinhlanzi zokudla.
Incwadi ye-FDA eya kochwepheshe bokufuya izilwane zasemanzini ichaza ukuthi ukuba nesithako esisebenzayo esifanayo nesomkhiqizo ogunyaziwe akwenzi omunye umkhiqizo ugunyazwe. Ngakho-ke, “sebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide esikhundleni salokho” nakho akuwona umyalo owanele wokukhiqiza: umkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa ogunyazelwe kona, nemiyalelo yelebula kufanele kuhambisane.
Lokhu kutholakele e-US, futhi kwahlolwa ngoSepthemba 2026. Kwenye indawo engaphansi kwemithetho ehlukile, indawo yokuchanyuselwa idinga ukugunyazwa kwamanje kwasendaweni nokuhlolwa nguchwepheshe wezempilo yezilwane zasemanzini ngaphambi kokukhetha ukwelashwa. Bhala leso sinqumo kanye nenqubo yalelo qoqo. Indaba yokuphumelela ekuzalaniseni izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa ayikwazi ukusungula ukufaneleka ngokomthetho noma ngokwesayensi yokuphila kokwelashwa kwezinhlanzi zokudla.