Inqaku
Ukutyhefwa yi-methylene blue nokuthatha isixa esigqithisileyo: oko kufuna uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo
Xa kurhanelwa ukuchanabeka okunzulu kwi-methylene blue, funa uvavanyo lwengcali ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulinda iimpawu okanye ubale isixa esigqithisileyo ekuthiwa sikhuselekile. Ukuba umntu uyawa, uyaxhuzula, uphefumla nzima, okanye akakwazi ukuvuswa, tsalela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo yakho. EUnited States, tsalela u-911 kwezi meko zongxamiseko; kungenjalo, qhagamshelana nePoison Control ku-1-800-222-1222 ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso ngokuchanabeka. Ezi mpawu zifuna uncedo olungxamisekileyo ngokuhambelana nesikhokelo soncedo lokuqala seNational Capital Poison Center.
Ibinzana elithi “ukutyhefwa yi-methylene blue” linokuchaza iimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ukutyhefwa apho ugqirha asebenzisa i-methylene blue, kunye nomonakalo obangelwa yi-methylene blue ngokwayo. Ukuzibhidanisa kunokukhokelela umntu ekuthatheni ngakumbi kwaloo nto kanye efuna ukuvavanywa.
Isithinteli setyhefu sengxaki ethile yegazi
Ihemoglobin ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ihambisa ioksijini kwiithishu. Kwi-methemoglobinemia, umlinganiselo ongaqhelekanga wayo ukho njenge-methemoglobin, nto leyo ephazamisa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini. Ingcaciso yeMedlinePlus nge-methemoglobinemia yahlula iintlobo ezizuzwa njengelifa kwisifo esifunyanwa ngenxa yokuchanabeka kwizinto ezifana namayeza okanye imichiza ethile. Iimpawu zinokuquka ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphelelwa ngumoya, nokutshintsha kwenqanaba lokuphaphama.
I-methylene blue efakwa emthanjeni lunyango lwe-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo. Injongo yayo kukunceda ukubuyisela ihemoglobin esebenza kakuhle. Leyo yimeko ethile yezonyango ekusetyenziselwa yona, hayi unyango ngokubanzi lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lokutyhefwa okanye naluphi na ulusu olubonakala luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhokelo se-methylene blue kwi-methemoglobinemia sichaza loo meko yonyango.
| Umbuzo | Ukusetyenziswa njengesithinteli setyhefu | Ukuchanabeka okunetyhefu okurhanelwayo |
|---|---|---|
| Yintoni ingxaki yokuqala? | I-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo exilongwe yaza yavavanywa ngoogqirha | Ukuchanabeka kwi-methylene blue okunokubangela umonakalo |
| Idlala yiphi indima i-methylene blue? | Iyeza elikhethelwe imeko ethile | Into ekufuneka oogqirha bayiqwalasele njengonobangela onokubakho wesigulo |
| Loluphi ulwazi olubalulekileyo? | Uxilongo, iimeko zesigulana, indlela esisabela ngayo kunyango | Imveliso, indlela yokuchanabeka, isixa, ixesha, iimpawu, namanye amayeza |
| Kufuneka enze ntoni umfundi? | Alandele imiyalelo yeqela elinyangayo | Aqhagamshelane neziko letyhefu okanye inkonzo yongxamiseko ngokukhawuleza |
Lo mahluko uhlala ubalulekile naxa ukuchanabeka kokuqala bekusenziwa ngabom kwaye kuchazwa njengesongezelelo okanye unyango lwempilo-ntle. Isizathu sokuthatha into asibonisi ukuba ukuchanabeka kuyo kukhuselekile.
Indlela ezinokubonakala ngayo iziphumo zetyhefu
Isikhokelo seNational Capital Poison Center nge-methylene blue sichaza isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, nokutshintsha kombala ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwakunye nento ephikisanayo yokuba iidosi eziphezulu zinokubangela i-methemoglobinemia. Umchamo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uwodwa awulinganisi ubunzulu bokuchanabeka. Ngokufanayo, imilebe esandul’ ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehamba nokuphelelwa ngumoya mayingathathwa nje njengedyayi eshiye umbala.
Ityhefu ye-serotonin yenye into exhalabisayo, ngakumbi xa kukho amayeza asebenzisana nayo. Umkhuhlane, ukungazololi okanye ukudideka, ukubila, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, nokuqina kwezihlunu zinokwenzeka kunye. Iimpawu ezintsha emva kokuchanabeka zifuna uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo; umfundi makangazami ukwenza uxilongo esebenzisa uluhlu lokukhangela iimpawu.
Ulwazi lokumiselwa kwePROVAYBLUE lukwachaza i-hemolysis, okuthetha ukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nokusabela okunzulu komzimba okubangelwa kukwaliwa yinto. Ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD yimeko ekungafanele isetyenziswe kuyo ngenxa yomngcipheko we-anemia ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. I-anemia inokuvela emva kosuku okanye nangaphezulu emva konyango. Intlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumla okunomlozi, okanye ukuncipha kokufumaneka kweoksijini zezinye zeziphumo ezixeliweyo zokuthatha isixa esigqithisileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuziva uphilile ngoko nangoko emva kokuchanabeka akuqinisekisi ukuba iingxaki aziyi kuvela kamva.
Ileyibhile ilumkisa ngamayeza achaphazela i-serotonin kunye nee-opioid, kuquka umngcipheko xa kukho i-dextromethorphan. Nika iingcali uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamayeza. Ingcaciso yokunqongophala kwe-G6PD kunye ne-methylene blue ichaza esinye isizathu sokuba iimeko zomntu ngamnye zibaluleke.
Kutheni indlela yokuchanabeka iwutshintsha umbuzo
Ukuginya isinyibilikisi, ukufumana inaliti, ukutshizeka elisweni, nokuphefumlela umgubo ngaphakathi ziimbali ezahlukeneyo zokuchanabeka. Xela eyona ndlela yokuchanabeka, nokuba yahlukile kwindlela imveliso eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngayo. Ukuthi “amathontsi amabini” akuphelelanga ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba yeyiphi ibhotile esetyenzisiweyo; ukuthi “isirinji enye” akuphelelanga ngaphandle kokwazi uxinaniso nomthamo. Isikhokelo sokutolika iiyunithi zedosi ye-methylene blue sichaza loo mahluko kwimilinganiselo.
Ingcaciso yePoison Control ngesigama sokuchanabeka nesokuthatha isixa esigqithisileyo yenza umahluko oluncedo: ukuchanabeka kuchaza ukudibana nento enokuba yingozi, kanti ukutyhefwa kuchaza iziphumo eziyingozi. Ukutsalela malunga nokuchanabeka akufuni ukuba uqale ungqine ukuba ukutyhefwa kwenzekile. Indlela yokuchanabeka, isixa, ixesha, neempawu zinceda iingcali zigqibe ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufunekayo.
Xa into itshizele elisweni, qalisa ngoko nangoko ukuhlamba ngamanzi akubushushu begumbi kangangemizuzu eyi-15–20, uze ususe iilensi zokunxibelelana. Xa ulusu lungcoliswe yinto, susa impahla echaphazelekayo uze uhlambe ngamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu eyi-15 ubuncinane. Emva kokuphefumlela into ngaphakathi, yiya kwindawo enomoya omtsha ngaphandle kokungena kwindawo engakhuselekanga. Fumana isikhokelo seziko letyhefu ngexesha okanye emva kwala manyathelo oncedo lokuqala. Musa ukubangela ukugabha emva kokuginya imveliso. Uncedo lokuqala malungalibazisi uncedo olungxamisekileyo xa kukho iimpawu ezinzulu.
Uluhlu lokukhangela ulwazi lokuchanabeka
Sebenzisa ezi zikhokelo ngexesha lomnxeba. Musa ukulibazisa ukutsala umnxeba ukuze ugqibezele itheyibhile. Funda iileyibhile kanye njengoko zibhaliwe; phawula iinkcukacha ongaqinisekanga ngazo njengezingaziwayo kunokuba uqashele. Ifoto inokugcina ulwazi lweleyibhile ngaphandle kokudlulisela umchiza kwesinye isikhongozeli.
| Ulwazi omawuluxele | Iinkcukacha omawuzibhale okanye uzifunde ngokuvakalayo |
|---|---|
| Umntu nemeko yakhe ngoku | Ubudala; ubunzima obuqikelelwayo ukuba buyaziwa; ukuba uvukile kwaye uyasabela okanye akunjalo; ukuba uphefumla ngendlela eqhelekileyo okanye akunjalo; indawo akuyo ngoku |
| Eyona mveliso | Igama nomvelisi; uxinaniso neeyunithi njengoko zishicilelwe; izithako; ubungakanani bebhotile; ukusetyenziswa okulungiselelweyo; ifoto yeleyibhile okanye isikhongozeli sokuqala |
| Isiganeko sokuchanabeka | Iginyiwe, itofwe, ingene elisweni, ichukumise ulusu, okanye iphefumlelwe ngaphakathi; ixesha okanye olona qikelelo lusondeleyo; isiganeko esinye okanye ukuchanabeka okuphindaphindiweyo; isixa esiqikelelwayo nendlela esilinganiswe ngayo |
| Iimpawu notshintsho | Okwenzeke kuqala; ixesha eziqale ngalo iimpawu; ukuba ziya zisiba mandundu; ukugabha, utshintsho ekuphefumleni, ukudideka, umkhuhlane, okanye iimpawu zezihlunu |
| Iimeko zempilo namanyathelo athathiweyo | Amayeza, izongezelelo, nezinye izinto ezithathiweyo; ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD okwaziwayo; ukukhulelwa; isifo sezintso okanye sesibindi; ukuhlamba okanye amanye amanyathelo asele ethathiwe |
Ukuba isixa asiqinisekanga, chaza ubungqina: umzekelo, “Ibhotile ibivuliwe kwaye kukho ulwelo olungekhoyo; akukho mntu ukubonileyo ukuginywa kwalo.” Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kunokuguqula ukungaqiniseki kube yidosi ebonakala ichanekile. Gcina isikhongozeli sifumaneka kwiqela leengcali ukuba kukhuselekile ukwenza njalo.
Akukho nkqubo yasekhaya yokusebenzisa isithinteli setyhefu
Musa ukuthatha i-methylene blue engaphezulu, amalahle avuselelweyo, okanye enye into ukuze “uthomalalise” ukuchanabeka ngaphandle komyalelo wengcali. Isikhokelo seNHS ngokutyhefwa sicebisa uncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo xa kurhanelwa ukutyhefwa, silumkisa ukuba iimpawu zinokulibaziseka, kwaye sicebisa ukuba kungabangelwa ukugabha okanye kunikwe ukutya okanye isiselo ngoxa kulindelwe uncedo. Unyango nokubekwa esweni kuxhomekeke kwinto echaphazelekayo nakoko kufunyenwe kuvavanyo lwezonyango.
Ileyibhile ye-methylene blue ifuna ukubekwa esweni kweziphumo zetyhefu entliziyweni nasemiphungeni, egazini, nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo emva kokuthatha isixa esigqithisileyo, kusetyenziswa amanyathelo axhasayo njengoko kufuneka. Ikwaphawula ukuba i-methylene blue inokuphazamisa iziphumo zesixhobo sokulinganisa ioksijini egazini esibizwa ngokuba yi-pulse oximeter. Umlinganiselo weoksijini othathwe ekhaya awunakuthatha indawo yovavanyo.
Kukho isizathu esinxulumene nendlela esebenza ngayo esenza ukuba ukubala amathontsi kungakwazi ukucacisa umngcipheko wokusebenzisana kwezi zinto. Kuphononongo lukaRamsay noogxa bakhe lwe-enzyme luka-2007, i-methylene blue yathintela ukusebenza kwe-monoamine oxidase A yomntu ecociweyo, i-enzyme ebandakanyekayo kwimetabolism ye-serotonin. Ezi yayiziimvavanyo zaselabhoratri, hayi ulingo oluchaza isixa esikhuselekileyo esithathwa ngomlomo okanye umda wesixa esigqithisileyo. Ingcebiso yezonyango ngokuchanabeka kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo eyona mveliso, indlela yokuchanabeka, isigulana, nezinye izinto ezibandakanyekayo.