Imethylene Blue Yeentlanzi Zeakwariyam: Ukusetyenziswa Nemida

Imethylene blue ineendlela ezithile esetyenziswa ngazo ekunyamekeleni iiakwariyam, ingakumbi kumaqanda eentlanzi nakwiingxaki ezithile zangaphandle. Ukuba ifanele ukuba yinxalenye yesicwangciso sakho sonyango kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezintathu: yintoni engalunganga ngentlanzi, yintoni kanye ekwibhotile, kwaye luza kwenziwa phi unyango.

Isikhongozeli esinamaqanda kuphela neakwariyam enezityalo neentlanzi ezahlukeneyo ziindawo ezahlukileyo zonyango. Umyalelo obhalelwe enye awunakudluliselwa kwenye kuba nje zombini zinamanzi neentlanzi. Qala ngengxaki nenkqubo phambi kokubala isixa.

Into imveliso yeakwariyam eyenzelwe ukuyenza

Ulwazi lukaKordon ngemveliso yemethylene blue luchaza imveliso engu-2.303% enyibilikiswe emanzini, eyenzelwe ukulawula ukungunda kumaqanda eentlanzi nosulelo lokungunda olusemphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa okongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nezinye iiprotozoa zangaphandle. Lukwachaza noncedo xa kukho ityhefu yenitrite okanye yecyanide eqinisekisiweyo. Umenzi akabandakanyi usulelo lwebhaktiriya, iintshulube ze-fluke, i-Oodinium, nesifo sokungunda esinzima ngakumbi kwiimeko le mveliso eyenzelwe zona. Le yimveliso yeentlanzi zokuhombisa, ayiloyeza leentlanzi zokutya okanye imveliso yokusetyenziswa ngabantu.

Loo mida ibalulekile. “Iyeza leentlanzi” ludidi lwemveliso, asilulo uchongo lwengxaki. Umgcini ochaza yonke into emhlophe ekhula kwintlanzi njengokungunda unokukhetha imveliso enokusetyenziswa kwayo okungahambelani nengxaki esisiseko. Isikhokelo semet hylene blue yamaqanda eentlanzi sichaza olo setyenziso lukhethekileyo; uthelekiso lweendlela zonyango kwiakwariyam luchaza ukuba kutheni ezinye izinto zonyango zingeyiyo imveliso enokusetyenziswa endaweni yayo.

Jonga umgangatho wamanzi phambi kokutolika iimpawu

Xa iintlanzi ezininzi zingaphilanga, bhala ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezichaphazelekayo, ukuba utshintsho luqale nini, nokuba yintoni etshintshileyo kutshanje: inani leentlanzi, ukondla, ukutshintshwa kwamanzi, izixhobo, okanye unyango. Musa ukuguqula oko ukubonileyo kube ligama lesifo phambi kokujonga imeko-bume.

Isikhokelo se-UF/IFAS solawulo lwempilo yeentlanzi sicebisa ukuba kuqalwe ngokujonga umgangatho wamanzi xa iintlanzi zibonakala zigula. Uhlolo lwaso olusisiseko xa kuvela ingxaki luquka ioksijini enyibilikileyo, iammonia, initrite, nepH. Ukufuna umoya kumphezulu wamanzi, ukuzikhuhla, okanye ukutyhafa kubonisa ingxaki kodwa akuchongi unobangela wayo. Izilonda, ubunzima bokuphefumla obungapheliyo, okanye ukufa okuqhubekayo kufuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo ngugqirha wezilwanyana zasemanzini okanye ingcali yempilo yeentlanzi.

Iakwariyam ebonakala icocekile isenokuba neammonia. I-UF/IFAS ichaza ukuba iammonia ayinambala kwaye ayinavumba kuxinaniso oluyingozi kwiintlanzi, nokuba ukutolika iammonia iyonke kufuna ukwazi ubushushu nepH. Idayi ayinakuthatha indawo yaloo milinganiselo. Umzekelo, ukuba isihluzo siyekile ukusebenza, isigqibo malunga neyeza asibuyiseli amandla alahlekileyo okucubungula inkunkuma.

Initrite, initrate, iammonia, neoksijini enyibilikileyo ephantsi nazo ziingxaki ezahlukileyo. Ingxoxo ngemet hylene blue netyhefu yenitrite kwiintlanzi yahlula indlela esebenza ngayo enxulumene negazi ekulungiseni amanzi ngokwawo.

Isikhokelo sokwenza izigqibo ngeakwariyam

Landela imiqolo ngokulandelelana. U-“yima” uthetha ukuba ulwazi olufunekayo ukwenza isigqibo sonyango alukho, hayi ukuba iintlanzi mazishiywe zingakhathalelwanga.

Isigqibo	Ukuba ewe	Ukuba hayi okanye akwaziwa
1. Ngaba umgangatho wamanzi nokusilela kwezixhobo okufuna ingqalelo engxamisekileyo kuvavanyiwe?	Bhala iziphumo uze uqhubeke.	Vavanya amanzi uze ulungise ingxaki ekhawulezileyo yokunyamekela iintlanzi; funa uncedo olungxamisekileyo ukuba imeko yeentlanzi iya isiba mandundu.
2. Ngaba ingxaki echongiweyo iyahambelana neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwale mveliso kwiakwariyam?	Jonga iintlobo nezigaba zobomi eyenzelwe zona.	Yeka ukukhetha iyeza uze ufumane uchongo lwengxaki.
3. Ngaba imveliso kanye, uxinaniso lwento esebenzayo, nemiyalelo ziyafundeka?	Bhala indlela imveliso eyenziwe ngayo nendlela ethile yonyango.	Musa ukusebenzisa isixa esivela kwenye ibhotile okanye kumxube ofunyenwe kwi-intanethi endaweni yaso.
4. Ngaba itanki ecetywayo ingazifezekisa iimeko zokuhambelana ezikwileyibhile?	Cwangcisa ukungeniswa komoya, ukubekwa esweni, nokuphathwa kwezixhobo.	Vavanya inkqubo eyahlukileyo yonyango okanye enye indlela efanelekileyo kunye nengcali.
5. Ngaba umthamo wokwenene wamanzi onyango waziwa ngeeyunithi ezisetyenziswa yileyibhile?	Sebenzisa loo mthamo kunye nemiyalelo yemveliso ngokwayo.	Wulinganise phambi kokulungisa amanzi onyango.
6. Ngaba sikhona isicwangciso esicacileyo sokubeka esweni nokugqibezela unyango?	Bhala utshintsho uze ulandele inkqubo echaziweyo.	Cacisa ixesha, ukususwa kwemveliso, ukubekwa esweni, nokufuna uncedo olungakumbi phambi kokuqala.

Esi sikhokelo sidibanisa izigqibo ezintathu ezidla ngokwenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo: ukukhetha unyango, ukumisela uxinaniso lwalo, nokukhetha indawo yokuchanabeka kulo. Ukuphumelela uhlolo loxinaniso akunakubuyekeza ukusilela kuhlolo lokuchongwa kwengxaki.

Uxinaniso olusebhotileni aluloxinaniso oluseakwariyam

Ipesenti esebhotileni ichaza isisombululo esigxininisiweyo. Imiyalelo yonyango ichaza ukuba singakanani eso sisombululo esifakwa kwisixa samanzi esichaziweyo, phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo. Ezi zizixa ezahlukileyo.

Kumzekelo olula wokubala, cinga ngezisombululo ezibini eziqikelelwayo ezenziwe ngamanzi, ezibhalwe 1% no-2% kusetyenziswa isiseko esifanayo soxinaniso. Imithamo elinganayo elinganisiweyo yesisombululo esingu-2% iqulethe idayi ephindwe kabini. Olo thelekiso alutsho nto malunga noxinaniso olufanele lufunyanwe yintlanzi ethile. Lubonisa ukuba kutheni inani lamathontsi eliqhelekileyo lingengomyalelo onokusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimveliso.

Bhala kunye igama lemveliso, uxinaniso, umthamo wamanzi olinganisiweyo, iyunithi yomthamo, nendlela ecetywayo. Ukuntywiliselwa okufutshane nokuchanabeka ixesha elide ziinkqubo ezahlukileyo; musa ukudibanisa uxinaniso lwenye nexesha lenye. Isikhokelo sokutolika imiyalelo yesixa semethylene blue kwiakwariyam sichaza lo mahluko.

Itanki yinxalenye yonyango

UKordon ulumkisa ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezixhomekeke kuhluzo lwebhayoloji, ulumkisa nangokuphazamiseka kokukhula kwezityalo, kwaye uphawula ukususwa kwayo yikhabhoni esebenzayo nokufunxwa kwayo zizinto ezinemingxunya emincinci. Imiyalelo yakhe ikhetha iindawo zonyango ezingenazinto zokuhombisa kwaye ilumkisa ukuba isilicone yeakwariyam inokufumana umbala osisigxina. Hlola imiyalelo ekwibhotile yangoku kunye nesikhokelo sokuhambelana kwetanki nezilwanyana ezikuyo.

Kukho isizathu esisebenzayo sokukhusela uhluzo lwebhayoloji. Izinto eziphilayo ezenza inkqubo yenitrification zicubungula iammonia nenitrite; iintlanzi ziyaqhubeka zivelisa inkunkuma ngexesha lokunyanyekelwa. Unyango oluphazamisa loo nkqubo ludala ingxaki yesibini ekufuneka ilawulwe. Itanki eyahlukileyo ikhusela inkqubo yokubonisa iintlanzi ekuchanabekeni kunyango, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ngokuzenzekelayo umgangatho wamanzi owaneleyo kwintlanzi enyangwayo.

Isikhokelo se-UF/IFAS seekhemikhali kwiinkqubo ezijikelezisa amanzi kwakhona sicebisa ukwahlula iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo ukuze zinyangwe apho kunokwenzeka, kwaye sichaza ukuba imiphumo yeekhemikhali ixhomekeke ekuchanabekeni kuzo nakwiimeko zenkqubo. Gcina izixhobo zonyango zahlukile kwaye ucwangcise ukubekwa esweni, ulawulo lobushushu, nokungeniswa komoya. Musa ukucinga ukuba imiyalelo yeentlanzi kuphela iqinisekisa ukuhambelana neshrimpu, iinkumba, iikorale, okanye zonke iintlobo zeentlanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kufuna isizathu

Amanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuthutha iintlanzi awabobungqina bokuba yonke intlanzi entsha iyazuza ngokuntywiliselwa ngenjongo yokuthintela iingxaki. Kuvavanyo oluchazwe yiLaboratri yoFuyo lweZilwanyana Zasemanzini Zetropiki yeYunivesithi yaseFlorida, imethylene blue eyayisetyenziselwa ukuntywiliselwa kokuthintela iingxaki ayizange iphucule inkangeleko okanye indlela yokuziphatha kweentlanzi eyayilinganisiwe. Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lokuthutha iintlanzi ze-velvet swordtail lwafumanisa inkangeleko engcono ngoko nangoko xa kusetyenziswe imethylene blue, kodwa inkangeleko yamaqela onyango yayifana emva kweveki. Oku yayikukuchanabeka okwahlukileyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa okwahlukileyo, hayi isincomo sokuthutha zonke iintlanzi.

Kwiintlanzi ezisandul’ ukufika, misela isicwangciso sokuzigcina zodwa nokuzibeka esweni. Isikhokelo se-UF/IFAS sokuba ngumnini weakwariyam onoxanduva sibeka ukugcinwa zodwa, uhluzo olufanelekileyo, isondlo, nomgangatho wamanzi phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuthintela izifo. Iyeza kufuneka lihlangabezane nesidingo esichongiweyo kweso sicwangciso.

Phambi kokusebenzisa imethylene blue, kufuneka ukwazi ukuchaza ingxaki ejongwayo, imveliso kanye esetyenziswayo, nendlela indawo yonyango eza kubekwa ngayo esweni. Ukuba enye yezo mpendulo ayikho, yifumane phambi kokwenza amanzi abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.