Inqaku
Imethylene blue netestosterone: ukuhlola amabango
Imethylene blue ayikamiselwa njengonyango lwetestosterone okanye njengento eyinyusayo emadodeni. Uphando olwenzelwe eli nqaku aluchonganga luvavanyo olulawulwayo ebantwini olubonisa ukuba imethylene blue ethathwa ngomlomo inyusa itestosterone kumadoda asempilweni okanye inyanga ukusilela kwetestosterone. Ubungqina obufanelekileyo buquka iimodeli zokwenzakala kwizilwanyana, uvavanyo lwedlala lepituitary kwiimpuku, isiphumo sophando lokuqala ngeprolactin ebantwini, nokuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwamadlozi abantu kule nto ngaphandle komzimba.
Ezo zifundo zifanele ukuqwalaselwa, kodwa iziphumo zazo azinakudityaniswa zibe libango elibanzi lokuba imethylene blue inyusa itestosterone, yehlisa iestrogen neprolactin, kwaye iphucula ukukwazi ukuzala. Ibango ngalinye lifuna isiphumo salo esilinganisiweyo.
Yintoni enokuthathwa njengobungqina bokunyuka kwetestosterone?
Uphononongo oluluncedo ebantwini luya kuchaza abathathi-nxaxheba, indlela elungiselelwe ngayo into esetyenziswayo, indlela enikwa ngayo, into ethelekiswa nayo, ixesha lophando, novavanyo lokulinganisa ihomoni. Luya kwahlula itestosterone iyonke kwitestosterone engabotshwanga, luze lulinganise ukuba naluphi na utshintsho luqhubekile na. Iimpawu, umgangatho wamadlozi, neziphumo ezingathandekiyo ziya kufuna ukuhlolwa ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukuziva uphapheme ngakumbi akulinganisi itestosterone. Ukuphucuka kokuhamba kwamadlozi nako akulinganisi itestosterone. Amasende aqulethe iiseli zeLeydig ezivelisa itestosterone phakathi kwemibhobho apho amadlozi akhula khona. Le misebenzi iyasebenzisana, kodwa isiphumo somnye asibonisi isiphumo somnye. Uphononongo olubanzi lweenzuzo zemethylene blue kuphando ebantwini luxoxa ngamabango empilo ngokubanzi, kuquka lawo ajoliswe kumadoda.
Itheyibhile yobungqina bamabango ngetestosterone
Le theyibhile yahlula iziphumo zophando koko ibango elijoliswe kubathengi beliya kufuna kona. Izixa zovavanyo zichaza izifundo, hayi inkqubo yokusetyenziswa ngabantu.
| Ibango okanye umbuzo | Iqela nemodeli | Indlela yokunika nokuvezwa | Isiphumo esilinganisiweyo noko kufunyenweyo | Oko ubungqina bukuxhasayo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inyusa itestosterone emva kokwenzakala kwamasende | Iimpuku zeWistar eziyindoda ezingama-35 kumaqela amahlanu, kuquka ukwenzakala okubangelwe yicisplatin | Iinaliti kwisithuba seperitoneum; imethylene blue 2 okanye 4 mg/kg kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe | Kwaxelwa ukuba itestosterone ekwiserum nemilinganiselo yamadlozi yayiphezulu xa kusetyenziswa imethylene blue kunaxa kusetyenziswa icisplatin yodwa | Umqondiso wesiphumo sokukhusela kwimodeli yokwenzakala okubangelwa yichemotherapy; akukho kunyuka kubonisiweyo kumadoda asempilweni |
| Ihlala iwanceda amasende | Iimpuku ezindala ezingama-30 kuphononongo lwenaliti kwindawo ethile | Inaliti kwithishu yamasende okanye phakathi kwezigqubuthelo zamasende; ukuhlolwa emva kweeveki ezimbini | Inaliti kwithishu enzulu yehlisa itestosterone ekwiserum nokuxinana kwamadlozi kwiepididymis; iqela elifumene inaliti phakathi kwezigqubuthelo alibonisanga lutshintsho lubalulekileyo kuloo milinganiselo | Indawo evezwa kuyo ibalulekile; akunakucingelwa ukuba inefuthe eliluncedo ngokubanzi kwiihomoni |
| Yehlisa iprolactin | Iimpuku eziyindoda ezinikwe iestradiol benzoate, kunye namaqela othelekiso | Imethylene blue kwi-0.5% ekutyeni kangangeeveki ezintathu | Yehlisa ukunyuka kweprolactin egazini okunxulunyaniswa ne-estradiol; imethylene blue yodwa ayizange yehlise iprolactin egazini | Impendulo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yeehomoni etshintshwe ngokovavanyo |
| Itshintsha iprolactin ebantwini | Izigulana ezilishumi ezinentlungu yemithambo-luvo engaphenduliyo kunyango, amadoda asibhozo nabafazi ababini | Ukufakwa emthanjeni kangangemizuzu engama-60; 2 mg/kg xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.02 mg/kg | Umlinganiselo weprolactin othelekisayo wehla emva kokunikwa omabini amanqanaba; kwaxelwa umahluko phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zonyango | Isiphumo sophando lokuqala ngesalathisi sebhayoloji kwizigulana ezinentlungu, hayi unyango olumiselweyo lweprolactin ephezulu |
| Iphucula ukukwazi kwamadoda ukuzala | Iisampulu zolwelo lwamadlozi ezivela kumadoda asempilweni angama-20 | Ukuxutywa ngokuthe ngqo nezinyibiliko zedayi yotyando nezinyibiliko ezixutywe ngakumbi ngaphandle komzimba | Ukukwazi kwamadlozi ukuhamba kwehla kakhulu nangoko emva kokuvezwa kwimethylene blue | Isiphumo sokuvezwa kwamadlozi elebhu, hayi uvavanyo lokukwazi ukuzala ngokuyithatha ngomlomo okanye umlinganiselo wetestosterone |
| Yehlisa iestrogen okanye itshintsha iDHT emadodeni | Akukho luvavanyo olulawulwayo ebantwini olulinganisa iziphumo zeehomoni oluchongiweyo kolu phando | Akukho ndlela yokuyinika ngomlomo eqinisekisiweyo ngezi ziphumo | Akukho ndlela okanye bungakanani besiphumo obumiselweyo kwezonyango obuchongiweyo | Kufuneka ubungqina obahlukeneyo nge-estradiol nedihydrotestosterone |
| Inyusa itestosterone ngokuthintela i-enzyme | Uvavanyo lwaselebhu lokusebenzisana kwamayeza olukwinkcazelo yokumiselwa kwechiza | Ukuvezwa kwe-in vitro; itestosterone isetyenziswa njengento esebenza kuyo iCYP3A4/5 | Kwabonwa ukuthintelwa kwe-enzyme | Uvavanyo lwemetabolism, hayi isiphumo setestosterone kwezonyango |
Izifundo ezixhasa le miqolo zihlolwa ngezantsi. Ithala lophando ngemethylene blue lihlela ubungqina ngokwamaqela afundiweyo nangoyilo lovavanyo.
Oko uvavanyo lwecisplatin lukubonisayo ngokwenene
Uphononongo lukaGholami Jourabi noogxa bakhe kwiimpuku, olwapapashwa kwi-intanethi ngo-2020 nakwi-Andrologia ngo-2021, lwabonisa ukuba icisplatin yehlisa itestosterone ekwiserum nemilinganiselo yamadlozi. Ababhali baxela ukuphucuka xa kusetyenziswa imethylene blue xa kuthelekiswa neqela lecisplatin, kunye neziphumo zohlolo lweethishu ezihambelana nokuncipha komonakalo.
Uthelekiso olubalulekileyo lolwezilwanyana ezenzakaliswe ngeekhemikhali. Ixabiso eliphezulu kunelo leqela lolawulo elenzakeleyo alibobungqina bokuba unyango lunyusa inqanaba lokuqala elisempilweni. Uphononongo lwaluquka neqela elifumene imethylene blue kuphela, kodwa uthelekiso lwetestosterone kwisishwankathelo luchasene necisplatin, alubonisi kunyuka ngaphezu kweqela lolawulo elisempilweni elinganyangwanga. Olu vavanyo lufutshane lweenaliti alumiseli indlela yokuyinika ngomlomo emadodeni okanye indlela yokugcina ukukwazi ukuzala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza.
Ubungqina bukwabonisa elinye icala phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Kuvavanyo lukaMazroa noogxa bakhe luka-2016 lwenaliti kwindawo ethile, ukufaka imethylene blue n ngenaliti kwithishu yamasende empuku kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo sawo nokwehla kwetestosterone ekwiserum. Inaliti phakathi kwezigqubuthelo zamasende yabangela umonakalo wendawo olinganiselweyo ngakumbi. Oku akuqikeleli ifuthe lokuyithatha ngomlomo, kodwa kuthintela ibango lokuba ikhusela amasende kuzo zonke iimeko.
Iprolactin, iestrogen, neDHT yimibuzo eyahlukileyo
Isiphumo ngeprolactin esidla ngokucatshulwa sivela kwinkqubo yeehomoni etshintshwe ngabom. Kuvavanyo lukaSchreiber noogxa bakhe luka-1993, iimpuku eziyindoda zafumana iinaliti ze-estradiol benzoate, imethylene blue ekutyeni, zombini, okanye azafumana nanye. Ukudityaniswa kwazo kwehlisa ukunyuka kweprolactin ejikeleza egazini okunxulunyaniswa ne-estradiol. Imethylene blue yodwa ayizange itshintshe iprolactin egazini.
Umahluko phakathi kwegazi nethishu nawo ubalulekile: unyango aluzange luthintele ukwanda kwesixa seprolactin kwinxalenye yangaphambili yedlala lepituitary. Ngoko olu phononongo alubonisi kuthintelwa kweprolactin okulula nokufanayo kuwo wonke umzimba.
Uphononongo luka-2015 lwezigulana ezilishumi ezinentlungu yemithambo-luvo, ezabelwa amaqela ngokungakhethiyo, nalapho izigulana nabaphandi babengazi ukuba ngubani ofumana oluphi unyango, lunika umqondiso olinganiselweyo ebantwini. Esona siphumo salo siphambili yayiyintlungu. Abaphandi bakwalinganisa iiproteni ngaphambi nasemva kokufakwa kwemethylene blue emthanjeni, bethelekisa amanqanaba amabini okuvezwa. Iprolactin yehla emva kwawo omabini, kukho umahluko phakathi kweendlela zonyango. Uvavanyo lwanika imilinganiselo yeeproteni ethelekisayo, hayi ukuxinana kweehomoni okuthe ngqo okusetyenziswa kwezonyango. Esi siphumo sophando lokuqala asimiseli ukwehla kweprolactin okuqhubekayo, unyango lweprolactin ephezulu ngokugqithisileyo, okanye inzuzo kwitestosterone.
Ukunciphisa impendulo kwi-estradiol enikiweyo nako akubonisi ukuba imethylene blue yehlisa iestrogen ejikeleza egazini okanye ithintela iaromatase emadodeni. IDHT, okanye idihydrotestosterone, sesinye isiphumo sehomoni esahlukileyo. Isiphumo setestosterone asinakuthatha indawo yesiphumo seDHT esingekhoyo. Amabango ngayo nayiphi na kwezi homoni afuna imilinganiselo ethe ngqo phantsi kweemeko ezicetywayo zokusetyenziswa.
Ubungqina bamadlozi abantu abulovavanyo lweehomoni
Kuvavanyo lukaSheynkin noogxa bakhe luka-1999 lwamadlozi abantu, abaphandi baxuba izahlulo zolwelo lwamadlozi nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando lwenkqubo yokuzala. Imethylene blue yabangela ukwehla okumandla nangoko kokukwazi kwamadlozi ukuhamba, kuquka nakwizinyibiliko ezixutywe ngakumbi ezazivavanywa. Isinyibiliko seRinger esinelactate asizange sichaphazele ukukwazi kwawo ukuhamba.
Obu bubungqina baselebhu obuvela ebantwini. Abathathi-nxaxheba abazange bathathe imethylene blue ngomlomo, kwaye abaphandi abazange balinganise itestosterone esegazini labo, ukukhulelwa, okanye ukuzalwa kwabantwana bephila. Esi siphumo asinakumisela inzuzo okanye umngcipheko ekukwazini ukuzala xa umzimba wonke uvezwa kuyo ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Sibonisa ukuba kutheni ibinzana elithi “ifundwe kumadlozi abantu” lingafanele lifinyezwe libe “iphucula ukukwazi kwamadoda ukuzala.”
Ukukhankanywa kwetestosterone kunokuthetha into eyahluke ngokupheleleyo
Inkcazelo yokumiselwa kweProvayBlue ichaza ukuthintelwa okunokwenzeka kweCYP3A4/5 okuxhomekeke kwixesha kwi-in vitro, kusetyenziswa itestosterone njengento esebenza kuyo i-enzyme. Apha, itestosterone yinto esetyenziswa ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-enzyme. Ukubonakala kwayo kuloo mhlathi akumiseli ukwanda kokuveliswa kwehomoni okanye ukuxinana kwayo okuphezulu egazini lezigulana.
Ngokufanayo, inkcazelo yendlela amandla eeseli asebenza ngayo ayinakuthatha indawo yovavanyo lweehomoni. Kusafuneka ibonise ukuba ukuvezwa okucetywayo kutshintsha isiphumo esifanelekileyo kwiqela ekujoliswe kulo.
Ukuba inkxalabo yitestosterone ephantsi
Umsebenzi osebenzayo kukufumanisa ukuba kukho ukusilela kwetestosterone na nokuba kutheni. Iingcebiso ze-Endocrine Society zokuxilonga zifuna iimpawu ezihambelanayo netestosterone elinganisiweyo ehlala iphantsi, kunye nokuphindwa kovavanyo kusasa umntu engatyanga. Uhlolo olongezelelekileyo lwahlula oonobangela abavela kumasende kwabo bavela kwidlala lepituitary okanye kwihypothalamus. Isiphumo esinye esizimeleyo okanye utshintsho kumandla akwanelanga.
Imethylene blue ayifanele ithathe indawo yonyango olumiselweyo lwenkqubo yeehomoni okanye yohlolo lweprolactin okanye lwetestosterone engaphandle kwemida eqhelekileyo. Ukungaqiniseki ngenzuzo yayo kwiihomoni akususi imingcipheko yayo eyaziwayo: inkcazelo yokumiselwa kwayo ilumkisa ngeserotonin syndrome xa isetyenziswa namayeza asebenza kwiserotonin, kwaye iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubantu abanokusilela kweG6PD ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Isikhokelo sokhuseleko lwemethylene blue sichaza loo mingcipheko ngokwemeko yayo.
Kulo naliphi na ibango ngetestosterone, buza ukuba kwalinganiswa ntoni, kubani, ngayiphi indlela yokuyinika, kwaye kuthelekiswa nantoni. Okwangoku, loo mibuzo ikhokelela kwiziphumo zovavanyo, hayi kwifuthe elibonisiweyo lokunyusa itestosterone emadodeni.