Inqaku
I-methylene blue ne-autism: oko kuvavanywe ngokwenene zizifundo zophando ezicatshuliweyo
I-methylene blue ayikaqinisekiswa njengonyango lwe-autism. Imithombo ehlolwe kweli nqaku ayiquki ulingo olulawulwayo kwizigulana olubonisa ukuba i-methylene blue iyodwa iphucula ukusebenza kwabantu abane-autism kubomi bemihla ngemihla okanye iziphumo ezinxulumene ne-autism. Iquka ulingo lwesixhobo sokukhanya, uphando lwaselebhu nolokuqwalasela, nengxelo yemeko ebandakanya unyango oluninzi. Ezi ngxelo ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo.
Inyathelo lokuqala eliluncedo kukufunda icandelo elichaza ungenelelo kwiphepha lophando elicatshuliweyo. Upapasho lunokukhankanya i-methylene blue ngaphandle kokuba inikwe nawuphi na umthathi-nxaxheba. Umntu unokufumana i-methylene blue ngenxa yengxaki yezonyango enganxulumananga ne-autism, ngaphandle kokuba oko kube sisifundo sophando lonyango lwe-autism.
Ulingo lokukhanya aluzange luvavanye i-methylene blue
Uphononongo luka-2024 olwalwabela abantwana abaneminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithandathu kumaqela ngokungakhethiyo, nolwaluneqela longenelelo olulinganisiweyo lwavavanya i-photobiomodulation edlula kukhakhayi: ukukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared okuhanjiswa kulusu lwentloko ngesixhobo esisaphandwayo. Abantwana abangamashumi amathathu bathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yeeveki ezisibhozo. Ungenelelo aluzange luquke i-methylene blue.
Abaphandi baxela umahluko wamanqaku ayi-7.23 phakathi kwamaqela kutshintsho olukwisikali sokuvavanya i-autism ebantwaneni, kunye noluhlu lokuzithemba lwe-95% olusuka ku-2.357 ukuya ku-12.107. Esi yayisisiphumo sesikali sokuvavanya esivela kulingo oluncinci. Asiqinisekisi impembelelo ye-methylene blue, nokuba isetyenziswe iyodwa okanye kunye nokukhanya. Ababhali bachaza imida equka isampuli encinci, ukurhoxa kwabathathi-nxaxheba nokuthatyathelwa kwabo indawo, nokungaqiniseki ngeempembelelo zexesha elide.
Kutheni eli phepha lophando linokuvela kwingxoxo ye-methylene blue? Imithombo eliyicatshulayo iquka uphononongo lweendlela le dayi echaphazela ngazo iinkqubo zemetabolism kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Umthombo ocatshulweyo uxhasa ingxoxo yemvelaphi; awutshintshi oko abathathi-nxaxheba bakufumeneyo. Umahluko phakathi kwe-photobiomodulation neenkqubo zekhemistri ze-methylene blue ezibandakanya ukukhanya ubalulekile nanini na xa inkqubo edibanisa iindlela ezininzi iboleka iziphumo kuphononongo lokukhanya kuphela.
Itheyibhile yokulanda ibango ukuya kwisifundo sophando
Sebenzisa le theyibhile ukuthelekisa ibango nengxelo enokucatshulwa ukulixhasa. “Kupapashiwe” kuchaza ukufumaneka, kungekhona ubungqina bokusebenza.
| Ibango elivavanywayo | Ungenelelo okanye umlinganiselo wokwenene | Iqela labantu okanye imodeli | Isiphumo esixeliweyo | Ubume bopapasho nokutolikwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Ulingo lwe-autism luxhasa i-methylene blue.” | Ukukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared kuthelekiswa nongenelelo olulinganisiweyo; akukho methylene blue | Abantwana abangama-30 abaneminyaka eyi-2–6 | Utshintsho kwisikali sokuvavanya i-autism; imilinganiselo ye-EEG yokuphonononga | Ulingo lwesixhobo sokukhanya olwapapashwa ngo-2024; alunakuqinisekisa impembelelo yeyeza |
| “I-methylene blue ithintela iimpawu ze-autism ezinxulumene ne-endotoxin.” | I-methylene blue etofwe ngaphambi kokuchanabeka kwi-LPS okanye kovavanyo lokuziphatha | Iimpuku ezingamaduna kwimodeli yokudakumba | Uninzi lokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okwenziwe kuvavanyo lwancipha; kwavavanywa i-heme oxygenase-1 kwiserum | Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana olupapashiweyo, kwi-intanethi ngo-2018 nakushicilelo luka-2019; akukho ziphumo zezigulana ezine-autism |
| “I-endotoxin ngunobangela we-autism.” | Imilinganiselo ye-endotoxin kwiserum neziphawuli zomzimba zokhuselo; akukho nyango | Abantu abadala abangama-22 abachazwe njengabane-autism enzima; abantu abangama-28 abathelekisekayo kwiqela lolawulo | Amaqondo aphezulu e-endotoxin nonxulumano nemilinganiselo yokunxibelelana nabanye | Uphononongo lokuqwalasela olwapapashwa ngo-2010; aluqinisekisi unobangela okanye inzuzo yonyango |
| “Iziphumo ezimalunga neemitokondriya ziqinisekisa isizathu sokusebenzisa i-methylene blue.” | Imilinganiselo yeemitokondriya zeeseli zegazi; akukho nyango nge-methylene blue | Abantwana abali-10 abane-autism abaneminyaka eyi-2–5 nabali-10 kwiqela lolawulo | Umahluko ekusebenzeni kweemitokondriya nakwimilinganiselo ye-DNA | Uphononongo lokuphonononga olwapapashwa ngo-2010; akukho siphumo esivavanya ukusebenza kweyeza |
| “Ingxelo yemeko ingqina ukuba i-methylene blue iyasebenza.” | Iinkqubo ezitshintshayo zonyango lokulwa iintsholongwane eziquka i-methylene blue, kunye namanyathelo axhasayo | Umntu omnye ofikisayo ofunyaniswe eneengxaki zempilo ezininzi | Utshintsho kwiimpawu olubhalwe ngumzali nophuculo kuvavanyo lwemfundo | Ingxelo yemeko eyapapashwa ngo-2023; ayinakwahlula igalelo le-methylene blue kwamanye |
| “Kubhengezwe uphononongo, ngoko inzuzo ibonakalisiwe.” | Ungenelelo olucetywayo kufuneka lujongwe kwinkqubo yokwenene yophando | Iimfuno zokufaneleka zichaza abathathi-nxaxheba ekujoliswe kubo | Iziphumo ezicwangcisiweyo azizoziphumo eziqatshelweyo | Isibhengezo okanye ubhaliso lodwa alunikeli datha ngeziphumo zezigulana |
Oko kuboniswa ngokwenene luvavanyo lwe-endotoxin
Ingxoxo yeforam edibanisa i-methylene blue, i-autism ne-endotoxin ibonisa indlela amabango amaninzi anokudityaniswa ngayo. Ingumthombo wemibuzo yabafundi, kungekhona ubungqina bonyango.
Elinye iphepha lophando elifanelekileyo luvavanyo lukaYin noogxa bakhe kwiimpuku oluphathelele ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okubangelwa yi-LPS. I-LPS, okanye i-lipopolysaccharide, yasetyenziselwa ukwenza imeko ebangela ukudumba kwimodeli yokudakumba. Abaphandi banika i-methylene blue ngenaliti kumngxuma wesisu ngaphambi kokuchanabeka kwi-LPS okanye kovavanyo lokuziphatha. Balinganisa ukuziphatha xa iimpuku zinyanzelwa ukudada naxa zixhonywe ngomsila, ukukhetha i-sucrose, ukuqonda izinto, nesiphawuli esisegazini.
Olo yilo luphanda ukuba ukunika unyango kwangaphambili kuyazitshintsha na iimpendulo kwimpembelelo eyingozi eyenziwe ngenjongo kuvavanyo. Aluphandi ukuba i-methylene blue ethathwa ngomlomo iyamnceda na umntu omdala one-autism odiniweyo, iyazinciphisa na iimpawu zesisu namathumbu ebantwaneni, okanye iyayitshintsha na i-autism. Kananjalo aluvavanyi indlela yokutya “engenayo i-endotoxin” okanye lungqine ukuba le dayi isusa iibhaktheriya zamathumbu ezivelisa i-endotoxin.
Unxulumano olufunyenwe ebantwini sisiphumo esahlukileyo. UEmanuele noogxa bakhe balinganisa i-endotoxin kubantu abadala abangama-22 abane-autism nakubantu abangama-28 kwiqela lolawulo, bafumana amaqondo aphezulu kwiqela labantu abane-autism nonxulumano nemilinganiselo yokunxibelelana nabanye. Akukho nyango lokwehlisa i-endotoxin lwavavanywayo. Umahluko phakathi kwamaqela awuphenduli ukuba yintoni ebangela enye, zeziphi ezinye izinto ezinegalelo, okanye ukuba ukutshintsha loo mlinganiselo kunganceda nabani na. Uphando nge-methylene blue neentsholongwane ezihlala emathunjini lufuna kwaloo mahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo yebhayoloji nenzuzo kwisigulana.
Iingqikelelo ngeemitokondriya nengxelo yemeko enonyango oluninzi
Iimitokondriya zithatha inxaxheba ekuvelisweni kwamandla kwiiseli. Oko kuzenza zibe yinto esengqiqweni enokujoliswa kuyo kuphando, kodwa into enokujoliswa kuyo ayisosizathu esiqinisekisiweyo sokunika unyango. Kuphononongo lokuphonononga lukaGiulivi noogxa bakhe, abaphandi bathelekisa iimitokondriya zeelymphocyte zabantwana abali-10 abane-autism nezabantwana abali-10 kwiqela lolawulo. Bafumana umahluko kwimilinganiselo emininzi yokusebenza nakweye-DNA yeemitokondriya. Abazange banike i-methylene blue okanye baqinisekise isiphene esinye seemitokondriya esifumaneka kubo bonke abantu abane-autism.
Olunye uhlobo lobungqina luvela kwingxelo yemeko yowama-2023 yomntu ofikisayo ebandakanya unyango lokulwa iintsholongwane. I-methylene blue yayiyenye yezinto ezininzi ezaziswa kwiinkqubo zonyango ezazitshintsha zokunyanga usulelo olurhanelwayo oludluliselwa zizithwali ezifana nezinambuzane. Ababhali bachaza ukuphucuka kweempawu ezazibhalwa ngumzali nokweemvavanyo zemfundo. Kwakungekho qela lingafumani nyango lokuthelekisa, kwaye iindlela ezininzi zongenelelo zatshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha. Le ngxelo ayinakusixelela ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ngaphandle konyango okanye leliphi icandelo elibe negalelo. Ayiqinisekisi ukuba usulelo luyinkcazelo ye-autism ngokubanzi.
Chaza isiphumo ngaphambi kokuqwalasela unyango
Umntu one-autism ofuna ukukhululeka ekudinweni, ekungalalini, kwiintlungu, kwixhala okanye kwiimpawu zesisu namathumbu ufanele avavanyelwe loo ngxaki ithile. Ukuphucuka kokulala kunokuba luncedo olukhulu ngaphandle kokubonisa utshintsho kwi-autism ngokwayo. Kwelinye icala, ixabiso eliguqukileyo kuvavanyo lwaselebhu lisenokungabi nampembelelo ibonakalayo kubomi baloo mntu.
Kwibango ngalinye elitsha, bhala isiphumo ekujoliswe kuso, umntu osilinganisileyo, into esithelekiswe nayo, nokuba ukuphucuka kuthathe ixesha elingakanani. Yahlula iinjongo zomntu ngokwakhe nomgangatho wobomi bakhe kuluvo lombukeli lokuba ukuziphatha kwakhe kusondele ngakumbi kokuxhaphakileyo. Ukujonga inkqubo ye-methylene blue ekwi-intanethi kukwathetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke indibaniselwano yayo iye yaphandwa.
Isibhengezo sichaza uphando olucetywayo. Ingxelo ekwirejista inokuchaza inani labantu ekucwangciselwe ukubabhalisa neziphumo ekujoliswe kuzo. Akukho nanye ethatha indawo yeziphumo ezibonisa ukuba bangaphi abantu abanyangiweyo, kwenzeka ntoni kwiqela ngalinye, nokuba zeziphi iziganeko ezingathandekiyo ezenzekileyo. Kwanophononongo oluphawulwe njengolugqityiweyo lusenokungabi neziphumo ezixeliweyo esidlangalaleni.
Ulwazi lwangoku lwase-US lokumisela i-ProvayBlue enikwa ngomthambo luphathelele i-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa ebantwaneni. Aluboneleli ngenkqubo yonyango lwe-autism. Lulumkisa ngesifo esinzulu se-serotonin xa isetyenziswa kunye namayeza achaphazela i-serotonin nee-opioid, kwaye luyakwalela ukusetyenziswa xa kukho ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD ngenxa yomngcipheko weanemia ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi zinto zifuna ukuhlolwa kwamayeza nembali yezonyango, kungekhona ukubalwa kwedosi kwi-intanethi.
Musa ukunciphisa inkqubo yabantu abadala yokuphila kakuhle ukuze uyisebenzise emntwaneni. Ubungqina nge-methylene blue ebantwaneni kufuneka buhambelane nengxaki efunyanisiweyo, uhlobo olulungiselelwe ngalo iyeza, indlela elinikwa ngayo neqela lobudala. Izifundo zophando ezilandiweyo apha aziqinisekisi idosi ye-autism eyenzelwe abantwana okanye unyango nge-methylene blue lokudinwa okwenzeka kunye ne-autism.