I-methyl blue ayiyo methylene blue: iinombolo ze-CAS, izakhiwo, nokusetyenziswa

Iibhotile ezimbini ziphezu kwetafile yelebhu. Enye ibhalwe methyl blue. Enye ibhalwe methylene blue. Umfundi odiniweyo ubona igama elifanayo kabini. Ngokwekhemistri, ziimolekyuli ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Oku kukudideka kwamagama okuneziphumo ezibonakalayo emsebenzini. Xa uodola idayi engalunganga, ukudaya kusebenza ngokwahlukileyo, isalathisi se-redox asibonakali, okanye umxube uqulethe ikhompawundi ekungekho mntu uqinisekise ukufaneleka kwayo. Isisombululo silula: igama eliqhelekileyo malibe sisikhokelo, kodwa isigqibo masisekelwe kwisichongi. Hlola inombolo ye-CAS, inombolo ye-Colour Index, nemo yehydrate ngaphambi kwayo yonke enye into.

Impendulo emfutshane

I-methylene blue yidayi encinci ye-phenothiazine enentlawulo yombane evumayo, i-C.I. 52015, enesakhiwo esisisiseko sekhromofore esineeringi ezintathu ezixineneyo namaqela amabini e-dimethylamino. I-methyl blue yidayi enkulu ye-triarylmethane enentlawulo yombane ethabathayo, i-C.I. 42780, eyakhiwe ngeeyunithi ze-triphenylmethane ezinamaqela e-sulfonate. Zabelana ngosapho lombala nenxalenye yegama. Phantse akukho nto yimbi zabelana ngayo.

I-toluidine blue O isondele ngakumbi kwi-methylene blue. Zombini ziidayi ze-thiazine ezinentlawulo yombane evumayo, kodwa i-toluidine blue O ineqela elinye le-amino kunye neqela le-methyl elifakwe kwiringi, apho i-methylene blue ineqela layo lesibini le-dimethylamino. Olo tshintsho luncinci lutshintsha incopho yayo yokufunxa ukukhanya nokhetho lwayo lwezinto ezidaywayo, ngoko ke nazo azinakutshintshiselwana.

Itheyibhile yesazisi: hlola ezi nkcukacha kwiodolo nganye

Amagama akwiikhathalogu ayatshintsha. Abathengisi basebenzisa izithethantonye bengangqongqo. Ezi nkcukacha zingezantsi azitshintshi, yaye isatifikethi sohlalutyo esilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo siyazidwelisa. I-PubChem ibhala i-methylene blue njenge-methylthioninium chloride, i-C.I. Basic Blue 9, nto leyo esisiseko sayo yonke into elandelayo.

Iinkcukacha ezimbini kule theyibhile zibangela uninzi lweempazamo zokuthenga. Okokuqala, i-methylene blue ineenombolo ezininzi ze-CAS zeemo ezahlukeneyo zehydrate, yaye u-122965-43-9 uchaza ihydrate engachazwanga kunokuba achaze i-trihydrate ethile (7220-79-3), njengoko unxulumaniso olukwimonografi ye-USP lubonisa. Ukulinganisa ubunzima usebenzisa ubunzima befomula obungachanekanga kutshintsha, ngaphandle kokubonakala, lonke uxinaniso olubalwa emva koko. Okwesibini, uluhlu lwezithethantonye ze-toluidine blue O lomnye umthengisi luquka igama elithi Methylene Blue T50, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukukhangela kwikhathalogu ngegama kuphela kunokubuyisa idayi engalunganga kwaphela.

Isakhiwo sichaza indlela ezisebenza ngayo

Yiba nomfanekiso weekhromofore ezimbini ecaleni kwenye, kuphele ukudideka. I-methylene blue isekelwe kwinkqubo ye-phenothiazinium: iiringi ezintathu ezidibeneyo, ezinesalfure nenitrogen kwiringi ephakathi, kunye neqela le-dimethylamino kwisiphelo ngasinye. Uhlobo olunombala yikhathiyoni ye-methylthioninium ehamba ne-anion ye-chloride. Incinci, ithe tyaba, inentlawulo yombane evumayo, yaye kulula ukuba inxulumane neenxalenye zeseli ezinentlawulo yombane ethabathayo.

Ubunzima be-methyl blue buphantse bube buphinda-phindwe kabini nesiqingatha. Umbala wayo uvela kumbindi we-triphenylmethane onamaqela e-anilino phenyl ane-sulfonate, yaye inikezelwa njengetyuwa ye-disodium. Loo maqela e-sulfonate ayenza ibe yidayi eneasidi enentlawulo yombane ethabathayo, enophawu lwentlawulo oluchaseneyo nolwe-methylene blue, nobudlelwane nezicubu obahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngoxa i-methylene blue ingena kwiiseli ize ithathe inxaxheba kwimijikelo ye-redox, i-methyl blue isetyenziselwa ukudaya ikholajeni nezicubu ezidibanisayo, nanjenge-Cotton Blue kumalungiselelo okungunda afana neenkqubo ze-lactophenol cotton blue. Ukusebenzisa enye endaweni yenye akuvelisi nje iziphumo ezifanayo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi. Kuvelisa umfuniselo owahlukileyo.

I-toluidine blue O igcina isakhelo se-phenothiazinium, ngoko indlela esebenza ngayo iyafana neye-methylene blue ngaphandle kokufana ncam. Ukufunxa kwayo ukukhanya kuphezulu kufutshane ne-626 nm, xa kuthelekiswa ne-methylene blue emalunga ne-660 ukuya kwi-665 nm. Ukudaya kwayo okutshintsha umbala kwiinxalenye zezicubu ezineasidi (iigranuli ze-mast cell, iimucin, intlala, nezakhiwo ezityebileyo ngeeasidi zenukliyikhi) kulandela ukhetho lwayo oluchazwe kuphononongo lwe-histology. Ilebhu esebenzisa i-TBO endaweni ye-methylene blue imele ilindele ukutshintsha kweespektra nokwahluka kokubonakala kweenxalenye, kungekhona isibambeli esinexabiso eliphantsi.

Eyona nto isetyenziselwa yona idayi nganye

I-methylene blue yaqala njengedayi yamalaphu, yaza kamva yasetyenziswa kuphando lweebhaktheriya, kuphando lwegazi, nasekuhloleni ngemikroskopu, indlela eshwankathelwe kuncwadi lwembali yayo. Umsebenzi wayo wesibini ngowekhemistri: uhlobo olufakwe kwioksideshini luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti i-leucomethylene blue ekwimo yokuncitshiswa iphantse ingabi nambala, nto leyo eyenza isebenze njengesalathisi se-redox. Umsebenzi wayo wesithathu ngowamayeza. I-methylthioninium chloride sisithako seyeza elimiselwa ngugqirha i-PROVAYBLUE, eliboniswe ukuba lisetyenziselwa i-methemoglobinemia efunyenweyo. Le ndima yezonyango yiyo enyusa iimfuno zokucoceka zibe ngaphezulu kakhulu kwezamanqanaba okudaya okanye amalaphu. Indlela i-methylene blue esebenza ngayo njengedayi ye-redox ichaza indlela esebenza ngayo kwezi zicelo.

I-methyl blue ayizange ilandele loo ndlela. Isahlala iyidayi yephepha, amalaphu, ufele, nokuhlola ngemikroskopu: yidayi eqinisekisiweyo yekholajeni kwiinkqubo zezicubu ezidibanisayo zohlobo lwe-Mallory, isibambeli se-fast green kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Gomori trichrome, nedayi yokungunda kuphando lokungunda. Ezinye iimveliso ze-methyl blue zibonisa uluhlu lokusebenza njengesalathisi se-pH olumalunga ne-9.4 ukuya kwi-14. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto eyenza ibe liyeza le-redox, yaye akukho satifikethi sokudaya esiyiguqula ibe lilo.

I-toluidine blue O ubukhulu becala yidayi yebhayoloji eneempawu zokutshintsha kombala xa idaya, esetyenziswa kuphando lwezicubu nakuphando lweentsholongwane. Ngokwahlukileyo, ikwasetyenziswa kwezonyango ukudaya izicubu eziphilayo, ukuze incede ukucacisa imida yezilonda ezikrokrelekayo emlonyeni ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwesampuli yezicubu. Sisixhobo esongezelelweyo sokukhetha iindawo zokuthatha iisampuli, kungekhona isibambeli sokuhlolwa kwezicubu ukufumanisa isifo. Nabani na othelekisa i-toluidine blue ne-methylene blue ngenjongo yokuxilonga okanye yokulungiselela umxube umele athelekise iispektra, izicubu ekujoliswe kuzo, namaxwebhu enqanaba lomgangatho, kungekhona amagama.

Amagama asondeleyo abalahlekisa abathengi

Amanye amagama amathathu afanele afakwe kuluhlu lwezinto zokuqinisekisa. I-New Methylene Blue N ayiyo methylene blue. Yi-C.I. 52030 (CAS 1934-16-3), i-phenothiazine enamaqela e-ethyl neqela le-methyl elifakwe kwiringi, esetyenziswa kuphando lwezicubu nakuphando lwegazi. Iindlela zokudaya nge-new methylene blue zezoncwadi lwalo mxube owahlukileyo. I-Azure B isondele ngakumbi: luhlobo olufana ne-methylene blue olususwe iqela elinye le-methyl kwi-N (CAS 531-55-5, C.I. 52010). Ikwangumkhiqizo ophambili wokuguqulwa kwe-methylene blue emzimbeni, kwanokungcola okubhaliweyo kwimathiriyeli ye-methylene blue. Kungoko inkqubo ye-USP idibanisa imathiriyeli yokuthelekisa ye-methylene blue kunye nomgangatho wokuthelekisa we-Azure B. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zimbini, nesizathu sokubaluleka kokuchonga iintlobo zokungcola, buchazwa kwinqaku elithi i-Azure B njengokungcola nanjengomkhiqizo wokuguqulwa emzimbeni. I-Crystal violet, maxa wambi ethengiswa ngegama elidala elithi gentian violet, yidayi ye-triarylmethane (CAS 548-62-9, C.I. 42555) engenayo kwaphela iringi ye-thiazine.

Qinisekisa isazisi ngaphambi kokuba kuhlawulwe

Inkcazelo yeemfuno zokuthenga ecokisekileyo ichaza ikhemikhali echanekileyo, inombolo ye-CAS, inombolo ye-C.I., imo yehydrate, nenqanaba lomgangatho, ize iziqinisekise ngokuzithelekisa nesatifikethi sohlalutyo kunokuba ithembele kwileyibhile engaphambili. Indawo apho ukufunxa ukukhanya kuphezulu khona luvavanyo olukhawulezayo noluzimeleyo: i-methylene blue ikufutshane ne-665 nm, i-toluidine blue O ikufutshane ne-626 nm, i-methyl blue ikufutshane ne-595 ukuya kwi-605 nm phantsi kweemeko zayo ezichaziweyo ezineasidi. Incopho ekwindawo engalunganga ithetha idayi engalunganga, nokuba ibhotile ibanga ntoni.

Amaxwebhu enqanaba lomgangatho aphendula umbuzo owahlukileyo kowesazisi sekhemikhali. Isiqinisekiso se-Biological Stain Commission sivavanya ibhetshi ethile ngokomxholo wedayi nokusebenza kwayo ekudayeni, nto leyo ibalulekileyo xa injongo ikukufumana iziphumo zokudaya ezinokuphindwa ngokuthembekileyo. Ukuthotyelwa kwe-USP kujongana nesazisi sezamayeza, ukucoceka, ukungcola kwe-organic, izinyibilikisi ezishiyekileyo, ukungcola kwee-elementi, nokulawulwa kweentsholongwane, nto leyo ibalulekileyo xa imathiriyeli iza kutyiwa okanye iselwe. Ezi nkqubo zimbini ziyafana ngokwenjongo kodwa zahlukile ngokomxholo, ngoko isatifikethi esinye asinakuthatha indawo yesinye.

Kulapho ukuthenga umgangatho kuba yinto ebonakalayo. Ukucoceka okuphezulu kubalulekile kuba i-methylene blue engahambelani ne-USP idla ngokuba yeyenqanaba lamalaphu, iqulethe ukungcola okufana ne-Azure B, iintsimbi ezinzima, okanye izinyibilikisi ezishiyekileyo ezingahlolwa yiyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokudaya. Uninzi lwabathengisi abathi bathobela i-USP bavavanya iintsimbi ezinzima kuphela baze bathi baphumelele. Ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kuquka isazisi, umlinganiselo womxholo wesithako, ukungcola kwe-organic, izinyibilikisi ezishiyekileyo, ukungcola kwee-elementi, intsalela emva kokutshiswa, imida yeentsholongwane, nee-endotoxin zeebhaktheriya. Inqaku elithi indlela yokukhetha i-methylene blue yenqanaba lamayeza likukhokela ekufundeni loo maxwebhu. I-Blupreme isebenza nomenzi we-methylene blue yamayeza, ivavanya zonke iimfuno ze-USP, ize ipapashe i-COA epheleleyo. Leyo yintsingiselo ebonakalayo yokungqongqo ekuqinisekiseni isazisi ekucetyiswa leli nqaku.