Chinyorwa
Zvipimo zvemethylene blue: kunzwisisa mg, mL, maperesenti, nemadonhwe
Hapana nhamba yemadonhwe emethylene blue yokutora inokodzera munhu wese. Kusarudza chipimo kunoda kuziva chikonzero chekurapa, magadzirirwo emushonga, nzira yokuuisa mumuviri, kuongororwa kwemurwere, uye mirayiridzo yekurapa. Chinyorwa chekonsentresheni chinopindura mubvunzo wakaganhurirwa: kuti methylene blue yakawanda sei iri muuwandu hwakati hwemushonga wakanyungudutswa.
Mushonga wakanyungudutswa we1% w/v une 10 mg mumiririta imwe neimwe. Kushandura uku hakutsananguri kana munhu achifanira kuushandisa, huwandu hwaanofanira kupiwa, kana kuti anofanira kupiwa kangani. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura chikamu chekuyera kuitira kuti chinyorwa kana murayiridzo zviongororwe pasina kushandura masvomhu kuva kurudziro yekurapa.
Huwandu huna huri nyore kuvhiringidza
| Zvinonyorwa | Zvazvinotsanangura | Zvazvisingakuudzi |
|---|---|---|
| mg | Huremu hwechinhu chakadomwa | Vhoriyamu yemvura ine chinhu ichocho |
| mL | Vhoriyamu yemushonga wakanyungudutswa | Huremu hwemethylene blue kana konsentresheni yayo isingazivikanwi |
| mg/mL | Huremu pamiririta imwe | Huwandu hwakakodzera kupiwa |
| mg/kg | Huremu hwemushonga zvichienderana nehuremu hwemuviri | Nzira yokuuisa mumuviri, kuti unopiwa kangani, kwenguva yakareba sei, kana kuti wakakodzera here |
Giramu rimwe rakaenzana ne1,000 mamirigiramu. Miririta imwe yakaenzana ne1,000 mamairomirita. Kushandura uku kunobatanidza zvikamu zvekuyera huwandu hwemhando imwe chete. Mamirigiramu nemamiririta zvinoyera zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinobatanidzwa nekonsentresheni yemushonga wakanyungudutswa.
Pamushonga wakanyungudutswa wakafanana muzvikamu zvawo zvose:
Amount in mg = concentration in mg/mL × measured volume in mL
Zvikamu zvekuyera vhoriyamu zvinodzimana. Mhinduro ihuremu huri muchikamu ichocho chakayerwa, dzimwe nguva chinonzi aliquot. Fomura iyi haichinji zvichienderana nokuti chikamu chacho ndechekuongorora, kuisa ruvara, kana kuti mushonga wakanyorerwa nemurapi; mashandisirwo anotenderwa anoda ruzivo rwakasiyana.
Verenga kuti peresenti yakavakirwa pachii
Mavara ari mushure meperesenti anoratidza huwandu hunoshandiswa sechigadziko chekuverenga. Zvishandiso zveAvantor zvinotsanangura musiyano pakati pehuremu, vhoriyamu, uye huremu pavhoriyamu pakuratidza musanganiswa.
1% w/v zvinoreva 1 g yechinhu chakadomwa chakanyungudutswa mu100 mL yemusanganiswa wapera. Kushandura magiramu kuva mamirigiramu kunopa 1,000 mg ÷ 100 mL, kana kuti 10 mg/mL. “Musanganiswa wapera” ndiwo musanganiswa wose mushure mekunyunguduka, kwete vhoriyamu yemvura chinhu chinonyungudutswa chisati chawedzerwa.
1% w/w zvinoreva 1 g yechinhu chakanyungudutswa mu100 g yemusanganiswa wose. Zvinotsanangura huremu zvichienderana nehuremu. Kuti uverenge zviri muvhoriyamu yakayerwa, unodawo densiti yemusanganiswa wapera mug/mL. Densiti yehupfu hwakaoma haipe ruzivo irworwo.
Kana chinyorwa chichingoti “1%,” tarisa tsananguro yacho inoenderana nacho kuti uzive chigadziko chacho kana kukosha kwemg/mL kwakanyorwa pachena. Usangozvisarudzira chigadziko nokuti nhamba yacho yakafanana neiri pachinyorwa chechimwe chigadzirwa.
Mienzaniso yekuverenga huwandu kubva pakonsentresheni
Tafura iyi yekuenzanisa yakagadzirirwa gwaro rino inoshandisa masampuli ekufungidzira akafanana muzvikamu zvawo zvose. Mavhoriyamu akayerwa akasarudzwa kuratidza masvomhu acho. Uhwu huwandu huri mumasampuli, kwete zvipimo zvinokurudzirwa kana chirongwa chekupa mushonga.
| Konsentresheni yakataurwa nechigadziko chayo | Vhoriyamu yakayerwa | Rumwe ruzivo | Kuverenga | Huwandu hurimo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1% w/v = 1 mg/mL | 0.5 mL | Hapana runodiwa | 1 mg/mL × 0.5 mL | 0.5 mg |
| 0.5% w/v = 5 mg/mL | 1 mL | Hapana runodiwa | 5 mg/mL × 1 mL | 5 mg |
| 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 1 mL | Hapana runodiwa | 10 mg/mL × 1 mL | 10 mg |
| 1% w/v = 10 mg/mL | 0.5 mL | Hapana runodiwa | 10 mg/mL × 0.5 mL | 5 mg |
| 1% w/w | 0.5 mL | Densiti yemusanganiswa yekufungidzira: 1.04 g/mL | 0.5 mL × 1.04 g/mL × 0.01 × 1,000 mg/g | 5.2 mg |
| 1% w/w | 0.5 mL | Densiti haizivikanwi | Vhoriyamu haisati yagona kushandurwa kuva huremu hwemusanganiswa | Hazvigoni kuwanikwa |
Mitsara yechipiri neyechitatu inotsanangura mufananidzo webutiro: mavhoriyamu akaenzana anogona kuva neuwandu hwakasiyana. Mitsara yechipiri neyechina inoratidza zvakapesana: mavhoriyamu akasiyana anogona kuva neuwandu hwakaenzana. Murayiridzo wevhoriyamu haugoni kuendeswa kune imwe konsentresheni pasina kuongorora masvomhu acho.
Muenzaniso wew/w unoshandisa densiti yakangofungidzirwa yekudzidzisa, kwete densiti yakayerwa yechigadzirwa cheBlupreme. Sampuli yayo ye0.5 mL ine huremu hwe0.52 g; peresenti imwe yehuremu ihwohwo i0.0052 g, kana kuti 5.2 mg. Kana densiti isingazivikanwi, mhinduro yemg inoita seyakarurama chaizvo inenge ichivanza fungidziro isina humbowo.
Shandisa chishandiso chekushandura konsentresheni yemethylene blue kuongorora hukama uhwu uchishandisa nhamba dzako dzine zvinyorwa zvinodzitsigira. Chinoverenga huremu hurimo; hachisarudzi chipimo chokupa munhu.
Sei kuverenga madonhwe kuchisiya chipimo chisipo
Donhwe rinoumbwa nemvura nechishandiso chokuidonhedza pasi pemamiriro akati ekushandisa. Harisi 0.05 mL nguva dzose, uye chidonhedzo chakazara hachisi 1 mL nguva dzose.
Muongororo yaBrown nevamwe ya2004 yezvidonhedzo zvemishonga inonwiwa nevana, vaongorori vakaedza zvigadzirwa zvemishonga nemvura dzakagadzirirwa ongororo mumarabhoritari uye vachishandisa vanhu vakazvipira. Kurerekera chidonhedzo kusvika kumadhigirii 45 kubva pachinzvimbo chakatwasuka kwakaderedza vhoriyamu yaibuda uye kwakawedzera kusiyana kwayo. Iyi yaiva ongororo yechishandiso, kwete kusimbiswa kwechero bhodhoro remethylene blue kana muyedzo wezvipimo zvekurapa.
Kuti uverenge avhareji yehuremu padonhwe rimwe, zvinoda zvose konsentresheni neavhareji yakayerwa yevhoriyamu yedonhwe. Kuedzwa kwekururama kwechipimo kunofanira kushanda pachishandiso ichocho nemvura iyoyo. Nhamba yemadonhwe yakakopwa kubva kune rimwe bhodhoro inorasikirwa nekubatana uku, kunyange mabhodhoro acho ose aine peresenti yakafanana.
Kana mushonga wemvura wokunwa wakanyorerwa nemurapi, kumbira nyanzvi yemishonga kuti isimbise chishandiso chakakodzera chine mitsetse yekuyera uye vhoriyamu inoenderana nezvakanyorerwa. Kurudziro dzeFDA dzekuchengeteka kwemishonga yemvura dzinoshandisa mamiririta nemitsetse yekuyera inoenderana nayo pachishandiso. Nyora 0.5 mL, uine zero pamberi, kuitira kuti mukana wokuti kutadza kuona kadoti kuchinje chipimo kuva 5 mL uve muduku. Gwaro rekuverenga chidonhedzo chine mitsetse yekuyera rinotsanangura madudzirwo emitsetse yacho. Usafungidzira vhoriyamu iri pasi pechipimo chiduku chinogona kuverengwa pamitsetse yechishandiso.
Zvipimo zvekurapa zvine mamiriro azvo chaiwo
Ruzivo rwekuUS rwekunyora mushonga wePROVAYBLUE runotsanangura mushonga we5 mg/mL unopinzwa mutsinga kurapa methemoglobinemia inowanikwa muupenyu muvakuru nevana. Chipimo chokutanga chakanyorwa pachigadzirwa i1 mg/kg, chinopiwa nevashandi vekurapa mukati memaminitsi 5 kusvika 30. Kumwe kurapa kunoenderana nezvinoitika kumurwere pakurapwa, kuongororwa murabhoritari, uye mashandiro eitsvo.
Chikonzero ichocho chekurapa, nzira yokupinza mushonga mumuviri, uye kutariswa kwemurwere zvikamu zvechirongwa chekurapa. Chinyorwa chacho hachigadzi chipimo chekunwa zuva nezuva nokuda kwesimba, kugona kufunga, kana kurarama kwenguva refu. Kushandura nhamba yacho yemg/kg kuva madonhwe kwaizochengetedza masvomhu asi kuchirasa hwaro hwekurapa hunotsigira kushandiswa kwemushonga. Gwaro remajekiseni emethylene blue nekuipinza mutsinga neIV rinotsanangura kuti sei magadzirirwo emushonga achikoshawo.
Chinyorwa chimwe chetecho chinorambidza kushandiswa kana paine kushomeka kweG6PD nokuda kwengozi yeanemia inokonzerwa nekuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa, chinoyambira nezveserotonin syndrome yakakomba kana ichishandiswa nemishonga inobata serotonin nemaopioid, uye chinotsanangura njodzi dzine chokuita nepamuviri. Huwandu huduku hwakayerwa hahuratidzi kuti mushonga wakakodzera. Gwaro rekuchengeteka kwemethylene blue rinotsanangura zvakadzama mamiriro ane chokuita nazvo nekudyidzana nemimwe mishonga.
Ita kuti murayiridzo ugone kuongororwa
Usati wadudzira chero murayiridzo, nyora zvinhu izvi pamwe chete:
- Kuzivikanwa kwechigadzirwa: magadzirirwo acho, nzira yokuchiisa mumuviri yakanyorwa pachigadzirwa, uye tsananguro yakazara yekusimba kwacho.
- Chigadziko chekonsentresheni: mg/mL, w/v, kana w/w, pamwe nedensiti yemusanganiswa kana ichidiwa.
- Kuyera: mL dzinodiwa uye chishandiso chinogona kuyera vhoriyamu iyoyo zvakajeka.
- Mirayiridzo yekurapa, kana mushonga wakanyorerwa: huwandu, nzira yokuuisa mumuviri, kuti unopiwa kangani, kwenguva yakareba sei, uye murapi akanyora mushonga.
Kana konsentresheni kana chigadziko chekuyera chisipo, tanga wazvitsvaga usati washandisa masvomhu acho. Kana mirayiridzo yekurapa isipo, tafura yekushandura zvipimo haigoni kuipa.