Chinyorwa
Methylene blue nezvinotaurwa pamusoro pezvinodzivirira zuva: tsvakurudzo yeUV nemiganhu yayo
Chinyorwa chiri pasocial media chinoti methylene blue inoshanda sechinodzivirira zuva. Chinotaura nezvetsvakurudzo chaiyo umo dhayi iyi yakatora chiedza cheultraviolet uye yakaderedza kukuvara mumasero eganda akarerwa murabhoritari. Tsvakurudzo yacho iripo. Asi mhedziso iri kutorwa pairi haitsigirwi nezvayakaratidza.
Dambudziko iri rinowanzoonekwa pane zvinotaurwa nezveutano. Chiyero chemurabhoritari chinotorwa sekunge chaiva bvunzo yechigadzirwa. Kuti unzwisise zvakanaka zvinotaurwa nezvemethylene blue pakuvhenekwa nezuva, paradzanisa mibvunzo mitatu: morekuru racho rinotora UV here, rinodzivirira ganda benyu pazuva here, uye chinhu chakatenderwa kushandiswa muchigadzirwa chakapedzwa chekudzivirira zuva here. Tsvakurudzo ya2021 inopindura chikamu chemubvunzo wokutanga, inopa chiratidzo pamusoro pewechipiri mumasero chete, uye haipinduri wechitatu zvachose.
Zvakaedzwa netsvakurudzo inowanzotaurwa
Bepa rinowanzotaurwa ndiro tsvakurudzo ya2021 yakaitwa naXiong nevamwe pamusoro pekugona kwemethylene blue kudzivirira ultraviolet, yakanyorwa paPubMed. Vanyori vakakurudzira kuti methylene blue iongororwe sechinhu chinoshanda mukudzivirira zuva, kusanganisira mukana wekutsiva oxybenzone. Havana kuti vakanga vasimbisa nebvunzo chinodzivirira zuva chemethylene blue kuti chishandiswe nevanhu. Muchikamu chekukurukura zvavakawana, vanoti kumwe kuongorora kuchengeteka kwaizodiwa vasati vakumbira kuti iiswe mugwaro rinotsanangura zvinotenderwa muzvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zuva.
Zviedzo zvose zvakaitwa zvisati zvasvika pakuedza muvanhu. Hapana vanhu vapenyu vakabatanidzwa, uye hapana chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chekudzivirira zuva chakaiswa paganda revanhu. Vanyori vaviri vaiva nehukama neMblue Labs, uye yunivhesiti nekambani yacho vakanga vakumbira pamwe chete patent yemethylene blue sechinhu chinoshanda mukudzivirira zuva. Kufarira kwekutengeserana kwakaziviswa hakuiti kuti data risashande, asi kunopa chimwezve chikonzero chekunyatsoverenga zvakayerwa.
Pakatanga kuongororwa kutorwa kwechiedza nemhinduro dzemvura pachishandiswa spectroscopy. Chikwata chakaenzanisa methylene blue mumvura ine munyu neoxybenzone yakanyungudutswa muchinyungudutsi, pachiedza chine urefu hwemasaisai kubva pa200 kusvika pa400 nanometers. Methylene blue yakatora chiedza zvakanyanya paurefu hwemasaisai huri pasi peanenge 310 nanometers, nepo oxybenzone yakatora zvakanyanya paurefu hwemasaisai hwakareba. Icho chimiro chemamorekuru akanyungudutswa mumvura. Hachisi chiyero chekirimhu yakaparadzirwa kuita rukoko paganda.
Pakatevera zviedzo zvemasero. Masero akajairika eganda revanhu anonzi keratinocytes akatanga kurapwa ne100 nanomolar methylene blue kwemavhiki maviri, ndokuzovhenekwa neUVB yaiva nesimba rakanyanya pa302 nanometers. Masero akarerwa murabhoritari akanga arapwa akaratidza kuderera kwemhinduro pakukuvadzwa kweDNA, yakayerwa negamma-H2AX, pamwe nekugona kuramba ari mapenyu kuri nani uye kuderera kwemavara anoratidza kuchembera kwemasero. Kumwe kuongorora kwakafambirana nako mumakeratinocytes nemapoka mana emasero efibroblast evanhu kwakawana kuderera kwesuperoxide mumitochondria uye kuwedzera kwekuberekana kwemasero. Kumwe kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwakawana kuti 100 nanomolar oxybenzone haina kupa kubatsira kwakafanana kumasero pachiyero ichocho. Asi mhinduro yemvura pachiyero chenanomolar yakakomberedza masero akaparadzaniswa inoedza kuti masero anopindura sei pakukuvara, nepo rukoko rwechinodzivirira zuva paganda ruchibata chiedza chisati chasvika kumasero. Mamiriro aya maviri anoshandisa shoko rokuti kudzivirira, asi anoedza nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda.
Chiedzo chemakorari chaiva chidiki uye chaingotarisa shanduko dzinoonekwa pane kuyera nhamba. Zvidimbu zvekorari yakapfava inonzi Xenia umbellata zvakagara mumvura yegungwa ine 1 micromolar methylene blue kana 1 micromolar oxybenzone kweinenge vhiki. Boka reoxybenzone rakaderera mamiriro aro, asi boka remethylene blue harina kudaro. Izvozvo zvinongotaura nezvekurarama kwezvidimbu kwenguva pfupi. Hakusi kuongorora kuchengeteka kwematombo emakorari, uye hazvitauri chinhu pamusoro pekudzivirira vanhu pazuva.
Pane imwe nyaya yemashoko inoda kutariswa. Pfupiso inotaura nezvekubviswa kwemhando dzeokisijeni dzinokurumidza kuita makemikari mumasero dzinokonzerwa neUVA, asi nzira dzakashandiswa dzinotsanangura kuvhenekwa neUVB pasina chiedzo chinowirirana cheUVA chakadzorwa. Kuverenga usingapfuuri humbowo kunoreva kuti tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuderera kwekukuvara mushure mekuvhenekwa neUVB muchiedzo pamasero akarerwa murabhoritari, pamwe nemaitiro ekudzivisa oxidation. Haina kuratidza zvakananga kudzivirirwa kweROS inokonzerwa neUVA pasi pekuvhenekwa neUVA kwakadzorwa.
Vaverengi vanoda kunzwisisa kuti zviedzo zvine chekuita nekuchembera kweganda zvakasiyana sei nebvunzo muvanhu vanogona kuenzanisa izvi nehumbowo hwemisanganiswa yezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda, hunoparadzanisa kurera masero murabhoritari, ganda rakagadzirwa patsva, nekuedza chigadzirwa chakapedzwa.
Kuenzanisa humbowo: rudzi rwebvunzo yeUV nezvarunogona kuratidza
Tafura iyi ndiyo musimboti wechinyorwa. Ishandise kuona panowira chero zvinotaurwa nezvemethylene blue sechinodzivirira zuva. Mutsara mumwe nomumwe unodoma bvunzo, unotsanangura zvinogona kuratidzwa nemugumisiro unotsigira, uye unotaura zvichiri kuda imwe bvunzo yakasiyana.
| Rudzi rwebvunzo yeUV | Zvainogona kuratidza | Zvaisingagoni kuratidza |
|---|---|---|
| Kuongorora kutorwa kwechiedza nemhinduro yemvura paurefu hwemasaisai hwakasiyana, 200 kusvika pa400 nm | Kuti morekuru rinotora mafotoni eUV mumvura pazviyero zvakayedzwa | Kuti kirimhu inodzivirira ganda revanhu, kana SPF yayo, chiyero chekudzivirira UVA, kana kuti inodzivirira masaisai akafara |
| Kurarama kwemakeratinocytes akarerwa murabhoritari mushure meUVB | Kuti masero akatanga kurapwa anotsungirira kukuvara kunoitwa muchiedzo zviri nani mumamiriro iwayo | Kuti rukoko runoiswa pamusoro peganda runodzivirira kupiswa nezuva kana kukuvadzwa kweDNA muganda risina kuparadzaniswa |
| Zviyero zveROS mumasero nekuberekana kwemasero | Maitiro ekudzivisa oxidation kana ekufambisa redox mumamiriro iwayo emasero | Kuti kukuvara kunokonzerwa neoxidation inobva pazuva kunoderedzwa muvanhu, kana kuti UVA ndiyo yakakonzera pasina kuvhenekwa neUVA kwakadzorwa |
| Kucherechedza zvidimbu zvemakorari kwemazuva | Kusiyana kwezvinoitika kuzvidimbu izvozvo munguva pfupi | Kuchengeteka kwematombo emakorari zvachose, kana chero mugumisiro wekushanda muvanhu |
| Chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chekudzivirira zuva chakaedzwa paganda revanhu kana pamahwendefa ePMMA | Kudzivirira kutsvuka kweganda, chiyero chekudzivirira UVA, urefu hwemasaisai hunokosha, uye kugadzikana kwemusanganiswa iwoyo pachiedza | Hapana zvinopfuura musanganiswa wakaedzwa, huwandu hwakaiswa, nemamiriro ekuvhenekwa |
Zvinoonekwa mumitsara iyi zvinowirirana. Mitsara yokutanga inoedza zvinhu zvinosanganiswa kana masero. Mutsara wokupedzisira chete ndiwo unoedza kudzivirira zuva. Zvinotaurwa nezvemethylene blue sechinodzivirira zuva zvinoda bvunzo yemutsara wokupedzisira.
Kudzivirira kukuvara kwechiedza hakusi kunopesana nekuwedzera kunzwa chiedza, asi maitiro akasiyana
Methylene blue ine mabasa maviri ane chekuita nechiedza anonzwika seanopesana, asi ose aripo. Mune mamwe mamiriro emasero, inoshanda semufambisi weredox ine migumisiro yekudzivisa oxidation. Painovhenekwa nechiedza chakakodzera, inoshanda sechinhu chinoita kuti pave nekuita kwemakemikari kunokonzerwa nechiedza, ichigadzira mhando dzeokisijeni dzinokurumidza kuita makemikari, kusanganisira singlet oxygen. Kurapa kwephotodynamic kunoshandisa maitiro echipiri aya nemaune kukuvadza masero kana utachiona hwakanangwa, sezvinotsanangurwa mushandiso dzephotodynamic dzemethylene blue. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakare nei methylene blue inosanganiswa nemidziyo yechiedza chitsvuku ichifanira kuongororwa yoga, sezvinotsanangurwa mugwaro redu rekurapa kunosanganisa nzira dzechiedza.
Musiyano unobva pamamiriro acho: urefu hwemasaisai, huwandu hwechiedza, kuwanda kwemethylene blue, kuti mamorekuru akaungana sei, kuwanikwa kweokisijeni, uye panogara dhayi zvichienzaniswa nenyama mhenyu. Chiedza chitsvuku chine urefu hwemasaisai hunenge 630 kusvika pa670 nanometers chinowanzoshandiswa kumutsa methylene blue mubasa rephotodynamic. Chiedza chezuva chine UV, chiedza chinoonekwa, neinfrared pamwe chete, saka rukoko rwakaiswa paganda rwaizosangana nemusanganiswa wechiedza kwete urefu humwe chete hwemasaisai hwemurabhoritari.
Chisefa chechinodzivirira zuva chinofanira kubata UV inokuvadza uye kuparadzira simba racho nenzira dzine ngozi shoma, chichiramba chakagadzikana. Chinhu chinomutswa nechiedza chinoshandisa simba remafoton akatorwa kufambisa kuita kwemakemikari kunogadzira zvinhu zvinokurumidza kuita makemikari. Saka kutora UV kunodiwa pachinhu chiri kufungwa kuti chishandiswe sechisefa cheUV, asi hakutombokwani pachako. Bepa ra2021 harina kuedza kana rukoko rwemethylene blue rwakaiswa paganda ruchigadzira singlet oxygen pedyo neganda benyu kana rwavhenekwa nezuva, kuti zvinhu zvipi zvinogadzirwa nekuita kwechiedza, kana kuti zvimiro zvayo zvakaitwa oxidation nezvakaitwa reduction zvinoshanda sei. Ani naani anoongorora zvinotaurwa nezvemethylene blue sechinodzivirira zuva anofanira kutora mibvunzo iyoyo seisati yapindurwa kusvikira musanganiswa wakapedzwa waedzwa pasi pekuvhenekwa kwakafanana nechiedza chezuva.
Methylene blue haisi chinhu chakatenderwa kushandiswa mukudzivirira zuva
Kubvumirwa nemasangano anoronga kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa kwakasiyana netarisiro inoratidzwa murabhoritari. MuUnited States, zvinhu zvinoshanda muzvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zuva zvinotengeswa pasina tsamba yachiremba zvinowanikwa muOTC Monograph M020. Methylene blue haina kunyorwa imomo. MuEuropean Union, mafirita eUV anoshandiswa muzvizoro anofanira kuwanikwa muAnnex VI yeRegulation 1223/2009. Methylene blue haisi firita yeUV yakatenderwa muAnnex VI.
Kubvumirwa kune imwe shandiso hakuchinjiri kune imwe. Methylene blue inoiswa mutsinga ine shandiso dzakatenderwa semushonga, uye dhayi iyi ine mabasa mukuongorora nemumaitirwo ekurapa anokurukurwa mupfupiso yedu yesh an diso dzakatenderwa nedzichiri kuongororwa. Hapana pazviri chinoita kuti ive chinhu chinoshanda chakatenderwa mukudzivirira zuva. Kubvumirwa kwechinodzivirira zuva kune chekuita nechinhu chakatarwa, murudzi rwechigadzirwa rwakatarwa, uye pasi pemamiriro ekushandisa akatarwa.
Zvingadiwa kuti kudzivirira zuva kusimbiswe nebvunzo
Chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chemethylene blue chaiti chine SPF kana kuti chinodzivirira masaisai akafara chaizoda kutevedzana kwebvunzo dzakajairika dzezvinodzivirira zuva, dzichiitwa pamusanganiswa iwoyo wakapedzwa. SPF inoyerwa muvanhu: chigadzirwa chinoiswa pahuwandu hwe2 milligrams per square centimeter, chovhenekwa nemudziyo unotevedzera chiedza chezuva pa290 kusvika pa400 nanometer, pachishandiswa nzira dzakaita seISO 24444 yekuyera SPF muvanhu vapenyu. Chinoyerwa pakupedzisira kutsvuka kweganda, kunonyanya kuva mhinduro kuUVB. Hapana chiedzo chemasero chinogona kutsiva bvunzo iyoyo.
Kudzivirira UVA kunoda kuyerwa kwako pachako pane kungofungidzirwa kubva pakutorwa kwechiedza nemhinduro yemvura. Maitiro epasi rose anoshandisa bvunzo dzechiyero chekudzivirira UVA muvanhu vapenyu pasi peISO 24442, kuongorora kunoitwa kunze kwemuviri pasi peISO 24443, kana zvose zviri zviviri. Nhungamiro dzeEurope dzinoda kudzivirira UVA kunenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu cheSPF yakanyorwa palebheri kana kupfuura.
Urefu hwemasaisai hunokosha hunoyera kuti kudzivirira kunosvika kure zvakadii muUVA, huchitsanangurwa kubva pakutorwa kwechiedza nerukoko rwechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, uye 370 nanometers ndiyo muganhu wekuti chinzi chinodzivirira masaisai akafara munzira yegwaro rinotsanangura zvinotenderwa muzvinodzivirira zuva. Dhayi yakanyungudutswa mumvura ine munyu haigoni kupa chiyero ichi. Kugadzikana pachiedza kunofanirawo kuedzwa zvakananga nekutanga kuvheneka rukoko rwechigadzirwa, vozoyera kuti kudzivirira kwasara kwakadii. Kusvikira bvunzo idzodzo dzaitwa pakirimhu chaiyo, kutaura nezvechinodzivirira zuva chemethylene blue chakagadzikana kungofungidzira.
Bvunzo muvanhu dzinobatawo zvinopotswa nebasa remurabhoritari: kana rukoko ruchiumbika zvakaenzana, kana dikita ruchirubvisa, kana kusvibisa neruvara kuchiita kuti kuiswa zvakarurama kusaitike, uye kana kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekudyidzana kwechiedza nechinhu ichi kuchioneka. Kusvibisa neruvara rwebhuruu hakusi chinhu chidiki pano. Ruvara runoonekwa rusina kuenzana runogona kuratidza kuiswa kusina kuenzana, uye kuiswa kusina kuenzana kunoderedza kudzivirira.
Mabatiro ezvinotaurwa nezvekuvhenekwa nezuva mukushandisa chaiko
Tora methylene blue sechinhu chinonakidza chinogona kuongororwa mutsvakurudzo yeUV, chisina chigadzirwa chekudzivirira zuva chakasimbiswa nebvunzo chinochitsigira. Usatsiva chinodzivirira zuva chakaedzwa nemhinduro yemvura, zvakawanikwa murabhoritari, kana zvakacherechedzwa pamakorari. Usasanganisa dhayi nechinochengetedza hunyoro hweganda kana mafuta kuti ugadzire chinodzivirira zuva kumba. Chinyorwa ichi hachipi nzira yekuchigadzira nokuti kuderedza kuwanda kwacho, kuenzana kwemusanganiswa, kugadzikana, kuchengetedza kuti chisashate, huwandu hunoiswa, nekuita kwemakemikari kunokonzerwa nechiedza hazvigoni kudzorwa kumba, uye gwaro rezvinhu zviri mumhinduro yemethylene blue rinotsanangura kuti sei chigadzirwa chemvura chakapedzwa chiri zvinopfuura dhayi nemvura chete. Kuti uzvidzivirire pazuva chaizvo, shandisa mumvuri, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira, uye chinodzivirira zuva chine lebheri inotaura SPF yakaedzwa uye, pazvinenge zvichikodzera, kudzivirira masaisai akafara kana UVA.
Kuti uzvidzivirire pazuva chaizvo, shandisa nzira dzine humbowo hwakananga: mumvuri, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira, uye chinodzivirira zuva chine lebheri inotaura SPF yakaedzwa uye, pazvinenge zvichikodzera, kudzivirira masaisai akafara kana UVA. Pamibvunzo yemethylene blue ine chekuita nekumedza dhayi kuti uzvidzivirire pazuva, ziva kuti kudzivirira kukuvara kwechiedza nekutora chinhu nemuromo chinhu chinotaurwa chega chinoda bvunzo dzacho, uye kuti kushandiswa kunosvika mumuviri wose kune nyaya dzekudyidzana nemishonga nemamiriro asingabvumiri kushandiswa dzakapfupikiswa mukuongorora kwedu kwekuchengeteka nekudyidzana. Vaverengi vari kuongorora nzira dzinosanganisa chiedza nezvimwe vanofanira kupatsanura kuongorora chinodzivirira zuva nehumbowo hwekurapa kwephotodynamic, umo chiedza nedhayi zvinoshandiswa kukuvadza chakanangwa pane kudzivirira ganda.