Methylene blue yehove dzebetta: mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvekurapa

Muchengeti webetta anoona zvimbi zvakasakara kumicheto, otora bhodhoro rebhuruu, obvunza mubvunzo usiri iwo wekutanga. Mubvunzo wacho unowanzova wekuti “wakawanda sei,” asi uchifanira kuva wekuti “wechinangwa chipi, mumvura ipi, uchiyerwa sei.” Bettas dzinounganidza zvikanganiso zvose zvinowanzoitwa pakurapa hove dzemumatangi mutangi rimwe diki: mvura shoma inoita kuti kukanganisa pakuyera kuve kukuru, hove inofema mweya uri pamusoro pemvura, uye chiratidzo chezvimbi zvakabvaruka chisingaratidzi chirwere chimwe chete.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro izvi zvinopindura mibvunzo yakanangana nebetta. Zvinofungidzira kuti watoshandisa gwaro rezvisarudzo pakurapa hove dzemumatangi, uye zvinosiya misoro miviri kumapeji ayo: humbowo hwakazara pamusoro pekuora kwezvimbi nezvirwere zvefungus, uye nzira dzakazara dzekurapa nekunyudza kana mutangi.

Methylene blue inorapa kuora kwezvimbi zvebetta here?

Kwete sechirevo chinoshanda pazviitiko zvose. Tanga waverenga lebheri. Ruzivo rweKordon pamusoro pechigadzirwa chayo chemethylene blue runotsanangura chigadzirwa chemumvura chine 2.303%, chinonzi chinoshandiswa kudzora fungus pamazai ehove uye utachiona hwefungus huri pamusoro pemuviri, pamwe nekumwe kushandiswa pakurwisa mamwe maprotozoa ari kunze kwemuviri uye kubatsira pakuiswa muchetura kwenitrite kana cyanide kunenge kwasimbiswa. Lebheri rimwe chetero harisanganisi utachiona hwemabhakitiriya, makonye efluke, Oodinium, uye zvirwere zvefungus zvakanyanya mumamiriro anonzi anorapwa nacho.

Kusabatanidzwa ikoko ndiko kunotonga sarudzo muzviitiko zvakawanda zvekuora kwezvimbi. Kuora kwezvimbi mubetta kunowanzokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya akadai seAeromonas kana Pseudomonas kana necolumnaris, fungus yozouya gare gare panyama yatokuvadzwa. Saka mupendero wechimbi unoita sedonje unogona kuva utachiona hwefungus huri pamusoro pedambudziko remabhakitiriya risingabatanidzwi mumashandisirwo edhayi yacho. Kurapa zvinomera zvichena zvinoonekwa uku utachiona hwemabhakitiriya huri pasi pazvo huchienderera mberi ndiyo nzira inowanzoita kuti kurapa kukundikane: mvura inova yebhuruu, muchengeti anonzwa kuti pane chaaitwa, asi zvimbi zvinoramba zvichipera.

Saka mhinduro yakatendeseka inoenderana nemamiriro acho. Kana chiremba wemhuka dzemumvura akaona kuti betta yako ine utachiona hwefungus huri pamusoro pemuviri, methylene blue inenge iri mukati memashandisirwo ayo ari palebheri. Kana chirwere chakaonekwa chiri kuora kwezvimbi kunokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya, haisi mukati memashandisirwo acho, uye unoda imwe nzira. Humbowo hunotsigira muganhu iwoyo, kusanganisira zvakaratidzwa nezvisina kuratidzwa kuti methylene blue inoita pakurwisa ich, kuora kwezvimbi, uye zvirwere zvefungus, hunoongororwa mugwaro rehumbowo pamusoro pekuora kwezvimbi nezvirwere zvefungus. Usatora mhedziso iri papeji iroro semwero wemushonga; shandisa peji racho uchitoziva chirwere chakaongororwa.

Ndingarapa betta yangu mutangi rayo here?

Zviri nani kushandisa mudziyo wakasiyana wekurapira usina zvekushongedza. Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvetangi rainogara zvinoratidza kuti hazvina kunaka kuisa mushonga mariri zvakananga, uye zvose zviri zvitatu zvinobva palebheri rechigadzirwa, kwete pangano.

Chekutanga, mugadziri anoyambira kusashandisa chigadzirwa mumasisitimu anovimba nekusefa kunoitwa nemabhakitiriya anobatsira. Mabhakitiriya anoshandura ammonia anoigadzirisa apo betta yako inoramba ichiigadzira panguva yekurapwa, uye kurapa kunoakanganisa kunotsiva rimwe dambudziko nerimwe. Chechipiri, lebheri rinoyambira kuti chigadzirwa chinokanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa uye rinoti chinobviswa neactivated carbon pamwe nekutorwa nezvinhu zvine maburi madiki, izvo zvinoita kuti huwandu hunosvika kuhove mutangi rakashongedzwa uye rine sefa huve husingafungidziriki. Chechitatu, silicone yetangi inogona kusvibiswa zvachose, kukanganisa chitarisiko kusingadzoreki kwaunofanira kuziva usati wadira.

Imwe nzira ndeyemudziyo wekurapira usina zvekushongedza, une huwandu hwemvura hunozivikanwa, mudziyo wekudziyisa, kupinzwa kwemhepo zvinyoronyoro, uye usina chinhu chine maburi madiki. Kugadzirira kwakadaro kunodzivirirawo tangi rekuchengetera hove kuti risasangana nemushonga. Asi kupatsanura hove chete hakuiti kuti mvura ive yakachengeteka. Mudziyo wekurapira hauna sefa yemabhakitiriya yatogadzikana, saka ammonia inogona kukurumidza kukwira mumvura shoma, uye mazano eUF/IFAS pamusoro pemakemikari mumasisitimu anotenderedzazve mvura anokurudzira kupatsanura hove dzabatwa nechirwere kuti dzirapwe, achitsanangura kuti zvinoitwa nemakemikari zvinoenderana nekusangana nawo uye nemamiriro esisitimu. Gara uchiongorora mvura yekurapira, dzora tembiricha, uye chengeta midziyo yekurapira yakaparadzana nemimwe. Tsanangudzo dzekuenderana nemasefa, zvirimwa, shrimp, uye masisitimu emvura yemugungwa dzakaunganidzwa mugwaro rekuenderana kwetangi nemhuka dzinochengetwa mariri.

Betta yangu inogara mutangi diki. Ndingadzivisa sei kuisa mushonga wakawandisa?

Mvura shoma inoita kuti kukanganisa kudiki pakuyera kuve kukanganisa kukuru pakusimba kwemushonga. Donhwe raverengwa zvisizvo mumudziyo wekurapira we2 liter rinoshandura kusimba kwemushonga zvakapetwa kanoverengeka kupfuura donhwe rimwe chetero mutangi re40 liter. Bettas dzinowanzochengetwa, uye nokudaro dzichirapwa, mumvura shoma yakadaro.

Nzira yekudzivirira izvi ndeyekutevera maitiro akarongeka. Nyora zvinhu zvina usati wagadzirira mvura yekurapira: zita chairo rechigadzirwa, kusimba kwechinhu chinoshanda mariri kwakanyorwa pabhodhoro, huwandu hwemvura yekurapira hwakayerwa mumayuniti anoshandiswa palebheri, uye nzira yauri kuda kushandisa. Chikamu chezana chiri pabhodhoro chinotsanangura kusimba kwemushonga uri mubhodhoro, kwete kusimba kwemvura yekurapira; mirayiridzo inotsanangura kuti mushonga iwoyo unoiswa wakawanda sei muhuwandu hwemvura hwakatarwa. Kunyudza kwenguva pfupi uye kusangana nemushonga kwenguva yakareba zvine kusimba kwemushonga pamwe nenguva zvakasiyana, saka usambobatanidza kusimba kwemushonga kweimwe nzira nenguva yeimwe. Gwaro rekurapa nekunyudza kana mutangi rinotsanangura kuti nei kusimba kwemushonga nenguva izvi zvisingatsinhaniswi, richiongorora nzira dziri palebheri.

Yera huwandu hwemvura pane kuvimba nekukura kwetangi kwakanyorwa. Zvinhu zviri pasi petangi, zvekushongedza, uye kudzikiswa kwemwero wemvura zvose zvinoderedza huwandu hunoshambadzwa, uye mumudziyo diki hafu ye liter imwe neimwe isipo chikamu chikuru. Shandisa zviyero zvemetric nesirinji kana pipette ine mitsetse yezviyero pakuyera mushonga uri mubhodhoro, kwete madonhwe anosvinwa mubhodhoro, uye gadzirira mvura yose yekurapira hove isati yapinda mairi.

Nhengo yelabyrinth inoshandura chimwe chinhu pakurapa here?

Hongu, pane imwe nzira inoshanda pakugadzirira. Bettas ihove dzine nhengo yelabyrinth: dzinokwira kuti dzifeme mweya uri pamusoro pemvura kuburikidza nenhengo yakagadzirirwa izvozvo, pamwe nekutora oxygen mumvura nemagill adzo, saka mazano ekuchengetwa kwadzo anokurudzira kuti dzikwanise kusvika pamusoro pemvura pasina chinodzivharira. Naizvozvo mudziyo wekurapira unofanira kuita kuti hove ikwanise kusvika pamusoro pemvura nguva dzose, paine mweya unodziya uye une unyoro pamusoro payo, pane chivharo chinotonhora chakavhara zvakasimba.

Izvi zvinokosha nenzira mbiri. Chekutanga, chero nzira inoti mvura yekurapira ivharwe pedyo nepamusoro payo, kana kuti mudziyo uzadzwe kusvika pamuromo, inopesana nemafemero ehove. Siya nzvimbo yemweya uye chivharo chinobvumira mweya kupinda nekubuda. Chengeta mvura yekurapira patembiricha imwe chete inodziya uye yakagadzikana yakajairwa nehove; mazano evanachiremba vemhuka anokurudzira 76 kusvika 81F kumatangi ebetta, kazhinji ichichengetwa nemudziyo wekudziyisa. Chechipiri, kufema pamusoro pemvura hakudziviriri hove pamvura isina kunaka. Ammonia nenitrite zvinokuvadza magill uye zvinonetsa hove kunyange ichikwanisa kusvika pamweya, ndosaka mudziyo wekurapira uchiri kuda kuongororwa kunyange hove iri mauri ichigona kufema mweya. Kana ukaona kufemereka kunoramba kuripo, kushaya simba, kana kukwiza muviri pazvinhu, zvione sezviratidzo zvedambudziko remvura kana rechirwere risati ragadziriswa, kwete sezvikumbiro zvekuwedzera dhayi.

Chii chandinofanira kuongorora ndisati ndatomboshandisa methylene blue?

Ongorora nharaunda usati wataura kuti chirwere chacho chii. Gwaro reUF/IFAS rekutarisira utano hwehove rinokurudzira kutanga nekuongorora kunaka kwemvura kana hove dzichiita sedzinorwara, uchitarisa oxygen yakanyungudika mumvura, ammonia, nitrite, uye pH sezvinhu zvishoma zvinofanira kuongororwa panobuda chirwere. Tangi rebetta rinotaridzika riine mvura yakachena rinogona kuramba riine ammonia inokuvadza, iyo isina ruvara kana hwema pahuwandu hunokuvadza hove, uye kunzwisisa chiyero cheammonia yose kunoda tembiricha nepH, sezvinotsanangurwa neUF/IFAS pamusoro peammonia mumasisitimu ekurera mhuka dzemumvura.

Tevedzera hurongwa humwe chete hwezvisarudzo hunoshandiswa kune chero hove dzemumatangi: simbisa kunaka kwemvura nekushanda kwemidziyo, enzanisa dambudziko raongororwa nemamiriro anonzi anorapwa nechigadzirwa, simbisa chigadzirwa chaicho nemirayiridzo inoverengeka, ona kuti mudziyo wekurapira unogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa palebheri pamusoro pekuenderana, yera huwandu chaihwo hwemvura, uye gadza hurongwa hwekuongorora nekupedza kurapa pamwe nenzira yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa. Maronda, kutambudzika pakufema kunoramba kuripo, kana kufa kuri kuramba kuchiitika zvinoda kuongororwa nekukurumidza nachiremba wemhuka dzemumvura kana nyanzvi yeutano hwehove, pane kudzokorora kuisa dhayi.

Betta imwe neimwe itsva inofanira kunyudzwa mumushonga kuti idzivirirwe here?

Hapana maitiro enguva dzose anopembedza izvozvo. Mvura yebhuruu inoshandiswa pakutakura haisi humbowo hwekuti hove imwe neimwe ichangosvika inobatsirwa nekunyudzwa mumushonga. Muzviedzo zvakashumwa neUniversity of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, methylene blue yakashandiswa pakunyudza kwekudzivirira chirwere haina kuvandudza chitarisiko kana maitiro ehove akayerwa. Chimwe chiedzo chekufambisa hove dzevelvet swordtail chakawana kuti dzaive nechitarisiko chiri nani pakarepo padzakarapwa, asi chitarisiko chedzaive dzarapwa nedzisina chakazofanana mushure mevhiki. Kusangana nemushonga kwakasiyana, zvakacherechedzwa zvakasiyana, uye hapana kurudziro yekufambisa inoshanda pazviitiko zvose.

Kune betta itsva, kuichengeta yakaparadzana nedzimwe nekuitarisisa zviri nani pane kuipa mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere. Mazano eUF/IFAS ekuchengetwa kwematangi ehove zvine mutoro anosanganisira kupatsanura hove itsva, kusefa kwakakodzera, kudya kunovaka muviri, uye kunaka kwemvura mukudzivirira zvirwere nguva dzose. Tarisa hove, ongorora mvura, uye chengetera mushonga chinodiwa chakaonekwa mukati mehurongwa ihwohwo.

Muchidimbu

Taura dambudziko raongororwa, simbisa kuti riri mukati memamiriro anonzi anorapwa nechigadzirwa palebheri, uye rapa mumudziyo usina zvekushongedza une mvura yakayerwa, unobvumira hove kusvika pamusoro pemvura uye une hurongwa hwekuongorora. Kuora kwezvimbi kusina kuongororwa hakusi chikonzero chakatarwa chekushandisa mushonga. Tangi diki rine huwandu hwemvura husina kuyerwa haripi mwero wemushonga. Uye tangi rebhuruu risina hurongwa hwekuongorora hakusi kurapa.