Chinyorwa
Kutorwa nekupararira kwemethylene blue mumuviri: zvinoyerwa neongororo dzenzira dzekuipa
Methylene blue inogona kusvika muropa rinotenderera mumuviri mushure mekupihwa nemuromo, uye ongororo dzemhuka dzinoratidza kupararira kwayo kunhengo dzemuviri, kusanganisira uropi. Zvakawanikwa izvi hazviratidzi kuti misanganiswa yose inosvika pahuwandu hwakaenzana, kana kuti nzira inoshambadzwa seinokurumidza inopa mugumisiro uri nani pakurapa.
Mubvunzo unobatsira ndeuyu chaiwo: musanganiswa upi, wakapihwa nenzira ipi, wakabudisa chiyero chipi muboka ripi revanhu kana mhuka? Huwandu huri muropa, mufananidzo weuropi unobva pakusikana, uye chikamu cheganda chine ruvara rwebhuruu zvinopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana.
Kutorwa mumuviri idanho rimwe chete mumaitiro akareba
Kutorwa mumuviri kunotsanangura kufamba kwechinhu kubva pachinenge chapiwa chichipinda muropa rinotenderera mumuviri. Kuiswa mutsinga nemvura inoyerera kunochipinza muropa zvakananga, kuchidarika danho iroro. Kupararira kunotsanangura kufamba kunozotevera pakati peropa nematishu.
Huwandu chaihwo hunowanikwa muropa rinotenderera mumuviri hunoenzaniswa mushure mekupa chinhu nenzira isiri yemutsinga uye mushure mekuchipa mutsinga, pachigadziriswa kuverenga kuti kuenderane nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwakapihwa. Ongororo dzinowanzoshandisa nzvimbo iri pasi pemutsetse wekuronga huwandu zvichienderana nenguva, kana kuti AUC. AUC inosanganisa huwandu hwakayerwa nenguva; haisi kungova huwandu hwepamusoro-soro kana nguva iyo munhu anotanga kuona shanduko.
Chinhu chatorwa mumuviri chinogona kushandurwa nemaitiro emuviri chisati chasvika muropa rinotenderera mumuviri wose. Saka, chikamu chinobuda muura nechikamu chechinhu chiri kuyerwa chinosvika muropa hazvifaniri kuva neperesenti yakafanana. Muongororo dzembeva dzaShin nevamwe, vanyori vakafungidzira kuti chakatorwa kubva mudumbu nemuura chainge chakada kukwana chose, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwakayerwa hunosvika muropa mushure mekupihwa nemuromo hwaive hushoma. Vakatsanangura izvi sekugona kukonzerwa nekushandurwa kwechinhu nemaitiro emuviri. Izvi zvakawanikwa mumbeva, kwete peresenti inogona kungonzi ndeyechigadzirwa chevanhu.
Kuenzanisa nzira yekupa nesampuli
Kuenzanisa uku kunoparadzanisa kuyerwa kwehuwandu zvakananga nezvinoitika mumuviri. Huwandu hwakashandiswa muongororo hunotsanangura mamiriro ekutsvakurudza, kwete zviyero zvinogona kutsiviwa nechimwe nechimwe kana mirayiridzo yekushandisa.
| Nzira yekupa neongororo | Vanhu kana mhuka nemusanganiswa | Sampuli kana chinhu chakayerwa | Zvinoratidzwa nezvakawanikwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nemuromo zvichienzaniswa nemutsinga, Walter-Sack nevamwe | Vakuru 16 vane utano; 500 mg imwe chete yakanyungudutswa mumvura yakapihwa nemuromo ichienzaniswa ne50 mg yakapihwa mutsinga muongororo umo vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira nzira mbiri idzi panguva dzakasiyana | Mitsetse inoratidza huwandu muplasma zvichienderana nenguva | Avhareji yehuwandu chaihwo hunosvika muropa mushure mekupihwa nemuromo yaive 72.3%, nekutsauka kwakajairika kwemapoinzi eperesenti 23.9. Fungidziro iyi ndeyemusanganiswa nemaitiro zvakaongororwa. |
| Nemuromo zvichienzaniswa nemutsinga, Peter nevamwe | Vazvipiri vanomwe; 100 mg nenzira imwe neimwe; mashoko emusanganiswa wakapihwa nemuromo haana kutaurwa muchidimbu cheongororo | Methylene blue muropa rose yakayerwa neHPLC | AUC yeropa rose mushure mekupihwa nemuromo yaive yakaderera zvikuru pane AUC yekupihwa mutsinga. Sampuli nemaitiro aya zvakasiyana nezveongororo yemusanganiswa wemvura. |
| Muchikamu chokutanga cheura hudiki zvichienzaniswa nemutsinga, Peter nevamwe | Makonzo; methylene blue yakapihwa muchikamu chokutanga cheura hudiki kana mutsinga | Huwandu mumatishu nemuropa rose | Kupihwa muchikamu chokutanga cheura hudiki kwakaita kuti huwandu huve hwakakwirira mumadziro eura nemuchiropa, asi hwakaderera muuropi nemuropa rose kupfuura pakupihwa mutsinga. Izvi zvaive zviyero zvematishu emakonzo. |
| Kupararira mumatishu mushure mekupihwa nemuromo, Shin nevamwe | Mbeva; methylene blue yakanyungudutswa mumvura yakacheneswa nekufashaidzwa ichizounganidzwa kubva mumhute, ikapinzwa mudumbu nechubhu; kuenzanisa nekupihwa mutsinga kwakaitwa kwakasiyana | Plasma nematishu akabviswa akapwanywa kuita musanganiswa wakafanana, pachishandiswa liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry | Kupararira kuchiropa kwainyanya kuoneka. Huwandu huri mumatishu hahuratidzi kubatsira kwekurapa muvanhu. |
| Nemumhino, Peng nevamwe | Makonzo aishambira kusvika aneta zvakanyanya; methylene blue mumvura ine munyu, yakapihwa semadonhwe emumhino makonzo ari pasi peanesthesia | Maitiro emhuka, zviratidzo mumatishu europi, uye chimiro chemitochondria | Ongororo yakataura kuti pane shanduko dzakaitika mumuviri. Haina kuratidza huwandu hunosvika muropa revanhu nekupihwa nemumhino kana kuti nzira iyi iri nani pane yekupa nemuromo kana mutsinga. |
| Kuzora paganda, ongororo ya2023 yezvimedu zvidikidiki uye kushandisa masaisai eultrasound kupinza chinhu muganda | Ganda renzeve yenguruve rakabviswa; methylene blue mumvura ichienzaniswa nezvimedu zvidikidiki zvepolymer, ganda ratanga kuitwa ultrasound kana kuti risina | Dhayi muzvikamu zveganda nemumvura yekugamuchira mushure me16 hours | Huwandu hwakaramba muganda hwaigona kuyerwa, asi methylene blue mumvura yekugamuchira yaive pasi pemuganhu unokwanisa kuyerwa nenzira yacho. Kupinda muganda nekuyambuka ganda zvaive migumisiro yakasiyana. |
Plasma neropa rose hazvigoni kutorwa sezvinhu zvakaenzana
Ropa rose rine plasma nemasero eropa. Zviyero zveplasma zvinoongorora chikamu chemvura mushure mekunge masero aparadzaniswa nacho. Kana chinhu chichigoverana pakati pemasero nemvura, huwandu hunotaurwa hunoenderana nechikamu chinoongororwa murabhoritari.
Mashoko ekupa PROVAYBLUE anoratidza kuti nei kushandisa chiyero chisingachinji pakushandura zviyero izvi kusingavimbiki. Mune imwe ongororo yekupihwa mutsinga muvanhu, reshiyo yeropa kuplasma yaive 5.1 ± 2.8 pamaminitsi mashanu uye yakasvika pachiyero chisingachinji che0.6 pamaawa mana. Ukama pakati pezviyero izvi hwakashanduka nenguva.
Mashoko iwayo anotaurawo kuti kusungirirana nemapuroteni eplasma kwaive kunenge 94% murabhoritari, kunze kwemuviri. Izvi zvinotsanangura kubatana nemapuroteni mumamiriro emurabhoritari. Hazvirevi kuti 94% haina kutorwa mumuviri, kana kuti chikamu chakasara chisingachinji chakapinda muuropi. Huwandu hwose huri muplasma hunosanganisira chinhu chakasungirirwa nechisina kusungirirwa.
Kunyange mugumisiro wekuongorora kudyidzana kwemishonga unogona kuenderana nesampuli. Muongororo yemusanganiswa wemvura wakapihwa nemuromo, chloroquine yakawedzera huwandu hwemethylene blue muplasma asi kwete muropa rose. Chidzidzo chinobatsira ndechekuchengetedza rudzi rwesampuli paunotaura mugumisiro, pane kusarudza peresenti yakakura kupfuura dzimwe kubva muongororo dzakasiyana.
Kusvika muuropi hakuratidzi kubatsira uropi
Uchapupu hwekuti methylene blue inogona kuyambuka chipingamupinyi chiri pakati peropa neuropi hunotsigira kutsvakurudza zvainoita muuropi. Hahutaure huwandu hunosvika pane imwe nzvimbo yeuropi hwemunhu, kana kuti kusvika ikoko kunobatsira pachirwere.
Ongororo yekubatana kwekushanda kwenzvimbo dzeuropi mushure mekupihwa nemuromo yakatora vakuru 28 vane utano ikaenzanisa methylene blue nechinhu chisina mushonga ichishandisa MRI. Zvayakaona zvaiva zvekushanda nekubatana kwenzvimbo dzeuropi, kwete kuyerwa kwemethylene blue pachayo zvakananga mukati meuropi.
Imwe ongororo yekupihwa mutsinga muvanhu vane utano nemakonzo yakawana kuderera kwekuyerera kweropa muuropi uye kwezviyero zvemaitiro ekushandurwa kwezvinhu mumuviri pasi pemamiriro ayo ekuedza. Migumisiro iyi inoyambira kuti tisafungidzira kuti kusvika muuropi kunotowedzera kushandisa kwahwo simba. Haigonawo kushandiswa kusarudza kuti kupa nemuromo kana mutsinga ndiko kuri nani, nokuti ongororo dzakashandisa mapoka evanhu kana mhuka, maitiro, nezvinhu zvakayerwa zvakasiyana.
Kupinda mumasero kuburikidza nekuderedzwa, kuitwa oxidation zvakare, uye kugoverana pakati pezvikamu kunobata rimwe danho redambudziko iri. Chinhu chinopinda musero rakakuriswa murabhoritari hachinenge charatidza nokudaro kuti chinoshanda pakurapa. Musiyano pakati pemhando dzeongororo unotsanangurwa munzira yekuverenga tsvakurudzo yemethylene blue.
Zvinotaurwa nezvekupa pasi perurimi, nemumhino, nekufema, uye nekuyambuka ganda
Kupa pasi perurimi kunoreva kutorwa kwechinhu kuchiyambuka matishu ari pasi perurimi. Kumedza imwe yemvura iyoyo kunowedzera chikamu chekupihwa nemuromo. Zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa zvechinyorwa chino hazviratidzi peresenti inovimbika yehuwandu hunosvika muropa revanhu mushure mekupihwa pasi perurimi kana mukana wakaratidzwa wekuti zviri nani pane kumedza. Kusara kweruvara pasi perurimi hakugoni kusiyanisa kutorwa kuburikidza nematishu akanyorova emumuromo nekusvika mumuviri kwechinhu chamedzwa.
Kupa nemumhino mumwe mubvunzo wakasiyana. Ongororo yemakonzo iri pamusoro yakashandisa madonhwe emumhino aidzorwa makonzo ari pasi peanesthesia. Zvayakawana pamaitiro emhuka nematishu hazviratidzi chikamu chakatorwa kuburikidza nematishu emumhino, chikamu chakaenda zvakananga kubva mumhino kuenda kuuropi, kana mashandiro echipfapfaidzo chinotengeswa kune vatengi. Zvinotaurwa izvozvo zvinoda kuyerwa kwehuwandu kunoenderana nenzira yacho uye zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekuenzanisa nazvo.
Kufema uchishandisa nebulizer kunowedzera kugadzirwa kwemadonhwe madikidiki anoyangarara mumhepo nekugara kwawo munzira dzemweya, izvo zvinoenderana nemudziyo. Mushumo wekutanga wekuyedza nebulization mushure meCOVID unobata migumisiro yekushanda kwemapapu nekuwanikwa kweoxygen. Kuvapo kwawo hakupi nzira yekushandura huwandu hunosvika mumuviri nekupihwa nemuromo kana mutsinga kuti huenderane nenebulizer yepamba. Mudziyo unowedzera hunyoro kuoxygen mumwezve mudziyo wakasiyana; ongororo dzekupihwa nemuromo kana ongororo iyoyo yekutanga hazvitsigiri kuwedzera methylene blue mumudziyo wawo unochengetera mvura. Usashandise misanganiswa yakagadzirirwa kunwiwa kana kushandiswa murabhoritari mumidziyo yekufema.
Kupa nekuyambuka ganda kunoreva kufamba kwechinhu chichiyambuka ganda chakananga kuropa rinotenderera mumuviri. Musanganiswa unozorwa paganda unogona, pachinzvimbo chezvo, kuita kuti methylene blue irambe iri mukati meganda. Ongororo yeganda renguruve inoratidza kuti nei zvinhu izvi zvichifanira kuyerwa zvakaparadzana. Dzimwe ongororo dzakaitwa pamwe nayo dzekukuvadzwa kwemasero egomarara nechiedza hadziratidziwo mugumisiro wekurapa unobva pachigamba kana kirimu inoshandiswa pamunhu.
Zvinoitwa nechikafu zvinoda kuenzaniswa kwazvo
Ongororo inoitwa mushure mekutsanya inoratidza zvakaitika mumamiriro ekutsanya. Hairatidzi kuti kutsanya kunovandudza kutorwa kwechinhu mumuviri. Kutaura nezvezvinoitwa nechikafu kunoda kuenzanisa munhu adya neanenge atsanya uchishandisa musanganiswa mumwe chete uye zviyero zvakakodzera zvehuwandu hunosvika mumuviri.
Ongororo yakanyoreswa yezvinoitwa nechikafu paLMTB inobata musanganiswa une hukama nawo, uyo rejista inosiyanisa nemethylthioninium chloride. Tsananguro yeongororo yayo haisi mugumisiro wezvinoitwa nechikafu pamethylene blue yakajairika yakanyungudutswa mumvura. Uchapupu hwaongororwa pano hahutsigiri kutaura kune zvose kuti kudya kunoderedza kutorwa kwechinhu mumuviri kana kuti kutsanya kunokuvandudza.
Nguva iyo munhu anonzwa kuti chinhu chatanga kushanda, ruvara rweweti, uye kusara kweruvara parurimi hazvigoni kutsiva kuyerwa kwehuwandu zvichienderana nenguva. Mibvunzo yekuti chinoramba chiripo kwenguva yakareba sei inobatwa munguva inotora methylene blue kuderera kusvika pahafu uye nguva yainoramba iri mumuviri. Kusarudzwa kwenzira yekupa pakurapa kunoenderanawo nechikonzero chekuchipa uye zvinodiwa pamisanganiswa yekubaya, kwete huwandu hunosvika muropa chete.