Chidonhedzi chemethylene blue chine mamaki: mL, mamaki nechiyero chemusanganiswa

Chidonhedzi chine mamaki chinoyera vhoriyamu yemvura. Kuti uzive huwandu hwemethylene blue huri muvhoriyamu iyoyo, unofanirawo kuziva chiyero chakanyorwa chemethylene blue mumusanganiswa. Chidonhedzi kana kuverenga ikoko hazvikuudzi kuti munhu anofanira kutora huwandu hupi.

Tanga nemibvunzo mitatu yakasiyana: Chiyero chipi chakanyorwa pedyo nemamaki? Mvura inosvika pamaki ipi? Chinyorwa chiri pabhodhoro chinoti millilitre imwe neimwe ine milligrams ngani? Kuchengeta mibvunzo iyi yakaparadzana kunodzivisa chikanganiso chinowanzoitika: kubata donhwe, millilitre, nemilligram sezviyero zvinogona kutsivana.

Zvinotsanangurwa netsananguro yechigadzirwa

Tsanananguro yemusanganiswa wemumvura weBlupreme we100 mL inotaura chiyero che 1% yehuremu pavhoriyamu, yakaenzana ne10 mg/mL, uye inotsanangura chidonhedzi chinopiwa chine mamaki pa 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, uye 1 mL. Nhamba ye100 mL inotsanangura zviri mubhodhoro; nhamba diki dzinotsanangura vhoriyamu dzinoyerwa muchidonhedzi.

Shandisa chinyorwa nemudziyo zvakapiwa pamwe nebhodhoro rako. Tsananguro yechigadzirwa haitauri muganhu wekukanganisa unotenderwa pakugadzirirwa kwechidonhedzi chimwe nechimwe kuti chiyere nemazvo. Tsananguro yakabudiswa haipe nhamba inotsanangura kunyatsorurama kwekuyera, saka kuvapo kwemaki ye0.25 mL hakufaniri kutorwa sechivimbiso chekuti kuyerwa kwakarurama kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yokuwedzera mushure medesimali.

Mufananidzo uri pasi apa idhiagiramu yakagadzirwa kutsanangura izvi, kwete pikicha kana chitupa chekuti mudziyo wakagadzirirwa kuyera nemazvo. Mvura yacho inoratidzwa ichipinza chiedza zvishoma kuitira kuti pamusoro payo paonekwe.

Dhiagiramu yechidonhedzi chine chikamu cherabha chinosvinwa, chine mamaki anokwira kubva pa0.25 kuenda pa0.5 kusvika pa1 mL, meniscus yakakombamira pasi yakakuriswa inoverengwa pazinga remaziso, uye kuverenga kuviri kunoshandisa chiyero chemusanganiswa.

Nzvimbo yakaderera pakati pemeniscus inooneka yakakombamira pasi inoenderana ne0.5 mL. Kuverenga kuviri kunoratidza kuti nei vhoriyamu imwe chete ichigona kuva nehuwandu hwakasiyana. Iyi mienzaniso yekuyera, kwete huwandu hunokurudzirwa kutorwa.

Verenga chikero usati wazadza

Tanga waziva zviyero. Maki yakanyorwa mL inoyera vhoriyamu. Maki yakanyorwa mg ingatsanangura huwandu chete pachiyero chemusanganiswa chakagadzirirwa mudziyo iwoyo. Chubhu yegirazi isina mamaki haipe nhamba yevhoriyamu yakavimbika.

Zvadaro, ongorora kutevedzana kwemamaki nemikaha iri pakati pawo. Pachikero chiri pamufananidzo, 0.25 mL iri pedyo nemuromo, 0.5 mL iri pamusoro payo, uye 1 mL iri pamusoro zvakare. Musiyano wenhamba kubva pa0.5 kusvika pa1 mL wakapetwa kaviri musiyano kubva pa0.25 kusvika pa0.5 mL. Usafungidzira kuti nhamba mbiri dzose dzakadhindwa dzakatevedzana dzinomiririra kuwedzera kwakafanana.

Kana mumwe mudziyo uine mamaki madiki ari pakati, ona kukosha kwawo uchishandisa nhamba dzakanyorwa kumagumo. Semuenzaniso, mikaha mishanu yakaenzana pakati pe0.5 ne1 mL inomiririra 0.1 mL mumwe nemumwe: musiyano we0.5 mL wakakamurwa neshanu. Verenga mikaha, kwete nhamba yemitsara inooneka. Muenzaniso uyu haurevi kuti chidonhedzi chinopiwa nechigadzirwa chine zvikamu izvi zvokuwedzera.

Isa pamusoro pemvura pazinga remaziso

Tevedzera mirayiridzo yekuzadza mudziyo. Pachidonhedzi chinowanzo shandiswa chine chikamu cherabha chinosvinwa, svina chikamu ichocho usati wanyudza muromo mumvura, wozoregedza zvishoma nezvishoma kuti mvura ipinde muchubhu. Usarega mvura ichipinda muchikamu cherabha. Mikaha yemhepo inooneka mumvura iri kuyerwa inotora nzvimbo inofanira kuva nemvura; dhonza mvura zvakare pane kubvuma kuverenga kune matubvu emhepo.

Bata chubhu yakatwasuka woisa maki yauri kushandisa pazinga remaziso. Kutarisa uri pamusoro uchidzika kana uri pasi uchikwira kunogona kuita kuti pamusoro pemvura paite sepasiri panzvimbo yapo pachikero. Kukanganisa uku kwekutarisa kunonzi parallax.

Pamusoro pemvura pakakombama panonzi meniscus. Kana pamusoro pacho pachioneka chakakombamira pasi, nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakuverenga inotora nzvimbo yakaderera iri pakati, sezviri pamufananidzo. Nhungamiro yeNIST yekuverenga meniscus inotsanangura kuisa pazinga remaziso uye kuti nei nzira yekuverenga ichifanira kuenderana nemagadzirirwo emudziyo ekuyera nemazvo. Inokurukurawo matambudziko emvura isingapinzi chiedza.

Methylene blue ine ruvara rwakasviba inogona kuita kuti pamusoro pacho panetse kuona. Wedzera chiedza uye shandisa chinhu chiri kumashure chine ruvara rumwe chete rwunosiyana nerwemvura. Kana nzvimbo yakatarwa yekuverengera ichiri kuvanzika, wana mirayiridzo yemudziyo iwoyo kana mumwe mudziyo wakakodzera wekuyera. Usangotsiva mupendero wepasi usingaoneki newepamusoro wofungidzira kuti mhedzisiro yacho yakafanana.

Shandura vhoriyamu yakayerwa kuita huwandu

Kuverenga kwacho ndokuku:

Huwandu mumg = vhoriyamu yakayerwa mumL × chiyero chemusanganiswa mumg/mL.

Pachikamu muzana chehuremu pavhoriyamu, 1% w/v inoreva 1 g mu100 mL yemusanganiswa wapera kugadzirwa. Sezvo 1 g iri 1,000 mg, izvi zvinova 10 mg/mL. Chikamu muzana chisina hwaro hwechiyero chacho hachina kukwana: huremu pahuremu nehuremu pavhoriyamu itsananguro dzakasiyana.

Vhoriyamu yemuenzaniso	Chiyero chemusanganiswa chakajeka	Kuverenga	Huwandu hurimo
0.25 mL	1% w/v = 10 mg/mL	0.25 × 10	2.5 mg
0.5 mL	1% w/v = 10 mg/mL	0.5 × 10	5 mg
1 mL	1% w/v = 10 mg/mL	1 × 10	10 mg
0.5 mL	0.5% w/v = 5 mg/mL	0.5 × 5	2.5 mg

Mutsara wechina musanganiswa wekufungidzira unoshandiswa kuenzanisa, kwete chirevo pamusoro pechimwe chigadzirwa cheBlupreme. Cherechedza kuti 0.25 mL yechiyero chekutanga ne0.5 mL yechiyero chechipiri zvine huremu hwakaenzana. Ukuwo, kuverenga kumwe chete kwe0.5 mL kune huwandu hwezvinhu hwakapetwa kaviri pa10 mg/mL pane huri pa5 mg/mL.

Chishandiso chekushandura zviyero zvemusanganiswa chinoita kuverenga uku kwezviyero. Molarity yemurabhoritari inoda mamwe mashoko pamusoro pechimiro chemamorekuru uye hwaro hwehuremu, zvinotsanangurwa muchishandiso chekuverenga molarity yemethylene blue.

Nei madonhwe uye “chidonhedzi chakazara” zvisiri nzira pfupi dzakavimbika

Donhwe chikamu chemvura chinobva pamuromo wechidonhedzi, kwete vhoriyamu yakatarwa yekuyera inoshanda pazvinhu zvose. Ongororo yaBrown nevamwe pamusoro pezvidonhedzi zvemishonga inotorwa nemuromo yakaenzanisa kudonhedza kwakadzorwa murabhoritari nekushandisa kwevanhu vakazvipira. Kurereka zvidonhedzi zvakaedzwa zvichienda pa45 madhigirii kubva pakutwasuka kwakaderedza vhoriyamu yaibuda uye kwakawedzera kusiyana kwezvaibuda. Iyi yaiva ongororo yekudonhedza ichishandisa dzimwe mvura dzemishonga, kwete kuyedzwa kwemethylene blue.

Naizvozvo, nhamba yemadonhwe pamillilitre yakawanikwa pachishandiswa mumwe mudziyo neimwe mvura haigoni kungoshandiswa pane zvimwe. Saizvozvowo, kusvina chikamu cherabha kamwe chete hakutsananguri vhoriyamu ye“chidonhedzi chakazara”. Verenga maki inosvikwa nemvura chaizvo. Usaverenga madonhwe sechitsividzo kana chiyero chinodiwa chakanyorwa mumL.

Chengetedza zvinorehwa nechiyero

Nyora 0.5 mL, uchisanganisira zero iri kutanga. Kurudziro dzeFDA dzekuyera mishonga yemvura dzinosimbisa kuenzanisa zviyero zviri pachinyorwa nezviri pamudziyo uye kushandisa zero pakutanga pahuwandu huri pasi peimwe. Misimboti iyi yekuyera hairevi kuti musanganiswa unotengeswa muzvitoro wakafanira kushandiswa semushonga.

Kana vhoriyamu yakatarwa iri pasi pemaki yakaderera zvikuru, ichipfuura vhoriyamu inokwana mumudziyo, kana ichida zvikamu zvidiki kupfuura zviri pamudziyo, sarudza midziyo inokodzera kuyerwa ikoko uchibatsirwa nenyanzvi kana rabhoritari yakakodzera. Usafungidzira chikamu chisina maki wochitaura sechakayerwa nemazvo. Tevedzera mirayiridzo yemugadziri yekudonhedza nekuchenesa; usawedzera kusukurudza kana kupfuudza mvura nemudziyo usingarairwi kuti ubudise mvura yasara.

Pamibvunzo yezvekurapa, gwaro rakasiyana rezviyero zvehuwandu hwemethylene blue hunotorwa rinotsanangura kuti nei huwandu hunoverengwa kubva pachinyorwa chebhodhoro husiri pachahwo kurudziro yekurapa. Kuyera nemazvo kunopindura kuti huwandu huripo hwakadii. Kusarudza huwandu hunotorwa nemunhu kunoda chisarudzo chakasiyana chezvekurapa.