Ubururu bwa metilene trihidrate ugereranyije n'ubudafite amazi: formule, uburemere n'ibirango

Amacupa abiri ashobora kuba yombi yanditseho ubururu bwa metilene, nyamara agasaba gupima uburemere butandukanye kugira ngo akoreshwe mu igerageza rimwe. Rimwe ryanditseho ubururu bwa metilene trihidrate. Irindi ryanditseho gusa ubururu bwa metilene. Umushakashatsi apima 100 mg muri buri cupa, agategura umuzingo umwe w'umuti, ariko akabona ibipimo by'irangi bitandukanye. Nta cyandujwe kandi nta kosa ryabaye mu gukoresha pipete. Izo fu zombi zirimo gusa ingano zitandukanye z'amazi kuri buri gice cy'irangi.

Icyo ni cyo gitekerezo cy'ingenzi mu kugereranya ubururu bwa metilene trihidrate n'ubururu bwa metilene. Muri byombi, ikinyabutabire ni klorire ya metilitioniniyumu. Ibikoresho bipimwa biratandukanye kuko amazi yo mu kristalo yongera uburemere atongeye irangi. Kugira ngo ukoreshe ibyo bikoresho neza, tandukanya ibi bitekerezo bitatu: ubwoko bwa hidrate, ubuziranenge bw'ikinyabutabire n'ishingiro ry'ipima. Inyandiko yifashishwa ku miterere n'ibiranga ubururu bwa metilene mu butabire isobanura mu buryo burambuye itandukaniro hagati ya katiyoni y'irangi n'umunyu wa klorire. Uru rupapuro rutandukanya uwo munyu na hidrate zawo.

Udafite amazi, hidrate na trihidrate ni amazina y'imiterere itandukanye y'ibipimwa

Klorire y'ubururu bwa metilene idafite amazi ifite formule C16H18ClN3S n'uburemere bwa formule bwa 319.85 g/mol mu mbanzirizamushinga y'inyandiko ya USP igena ubururu bwa metilene. Isobanura umunyu udafite amazi yo mu kristalo awufatanye na wo.

Hidrate y'ubururu bwa metilene ni uwo munyu nyine ufatanye n'amazi mu kintu gikomeye, wandikwa C16H18ClN3S.xH2O. Agaciro ka x kerekana umubare wa molekile z'amazi zibarirwa kuri buri gice kimwe cya formule y'umunyu mu bigize icyo kintu bivugwa. Ntigasobanura amazi yongewe mu muti.

Ubururu bwa metilene trihidrate ni igihe x ingana na 3, bukandikwa C16H18ClN3S.3H2O cyangwa C16H24ClN3O3S, bufite uburemere bwa formule bwa 373.90 g/mol. Inyandiko ya PubChem ku bururu bwa metilene trihidrate ishyira iyi formule n'ubu buremere kuri CID 104827, naho inyandiko ya PubChem ku bururu bwa metilene igashyira formule idafite amazi C16H18ClN3S n'uburemere bwa 319.9 g/mol kuri CID 6099. Muri izo nyandiko zombi, iyoni y'irangi ntihinduka: hari katiyoni imwe ya metilitioniniyumu kuri buri gice cya formule. Amazi bifatanye na yo ni yo yonyine atandukanye.

Imbonerahamwe yifashishwa kuri hidrate n'uburemere

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni yo yifashishwa kuri uru rupapuro. Uburemere bwa formule z'imiterere y'umunyu bukurikiza USP. Umurongo wa katiyoni washyizwemo kugira ngo ibarwa ry'imiti igire aho ihereye hasobanutse.

Mu mikoreshereze, itandukaniro ni rinini. Ku ngano imwe y'irangi, trihidrate yujuje neza imiterere yayo ipima hafi 16.9% kurusha umunyu udafite amazi wujuje neza imiterere yawo, kuko 373.90 igabanyijwe na 319.85 ingana na 1.169. Kwitiranya iyo miterere yombi rero bitera ikosa ry'igipimo cy'irangi rya hafi 17% mbere yo kuzirikana indi nkomoko iyo ari yo yose y'ikosa.

Ingero zisobanuye z'uko imibare isobanurwa

Urugero 1 ruhera ku ifu. Tuvuge ko umunzani werekana 100.0 mg z'ubururu bwa metilene trihidrate buvugwa ko butarimo ibindi. Uburemere bw'umunyu bungana n'ubwo udafite amazi ni 100.0 mg zikubwe na 319.85 zigabanyijwe na 373.90, bikangana na 85.5 mg. Ingano y'irangi ni 0.1000 g zigabanyijwe na 373.90 g/mol, bikangana na 267.5 micromol za katiyoni ya metilitioniniyumu. 14.5 mg zisigaye mu buryo buvugwa ni amazi yo mu kristalo, si umwanda.

Urugero 2 ruhera ku gipimo cy'irangi kigamijwe. Kugira ngo utegure litiro 1.000 y'umuti w'irangi wa 1.000 mM ukoresheje umunyu udafite amazi wujuje neza imiterere yawo, pima 319.85 mg. Kugira ngo utegure uwo muti ukoresheje trihidrate yujuje neza imiterere yayo, pima 373.90 mg. Buri bara rifata ko ikintu ari hidrate ivugwa nyirizina kandi ko ingano yayo yuzuye. Ku ifu ikoreshwa mu by'ukuri, hindura ibarwa ukurikije icyemezo cy'isesengura kandi wemeze niba ipima ry'ingano y'irangi ryagaragajwe rishingiye ku kintu uko cyakiriwe, cyumishijwe cyangwa kidafite amazi. Igikoresho cyo kubara igipimo cya mole z'ubururu bwa metilene kigaragaza neza imiterere ya hidrate n'ishingiro ry'ipima, kugira ngo iryo kosora ritibagirana mu guhindura ibipimo.

Ibyo ikirango cyemeza n'ibyo kitemeza

Ubururu bwa metilene trihidrate ni igisobanuro kidashidikanywaho: formule ivugwa ni C16H18ClN3S.3H2O, ubusanzwe ibarwa kuri 373.90 g/mol keretse ibisabwa bivuze ukundi. Ubururu bwa metilene hidrate ntibusobanutse kimwe. Bwerekana ko amazi agomba kuba afatanye n'umunyu, ariko hatari umubare, formule, nimero ya CAS cyangwa ibisabwa, ntibwemeza ingano y'amazi iri muri formule.

Izina ry'ubururu bwa metilene ryonyine ntiryemeza ko ikintu kidafite amazi. Inyandiko yo mu gitabo cy'ibipimo byemewe yitwa Ubururu bwa Metilene ubwayo yanditswe nka C16H18ClN3S.xH2O, ariko agaciro ka x ntikagaragazwa ku rwego rw'umutwe. Amazina yo mu bubiko bw'amakuru na yo ashobora kuyobya. PubChem yita inyandiko yayo y'imiterere idafite amazi CID 6099 ubururu bwa metilene, ariko ubwo buryo bwo kwita izina ntibutuma buri cupa ricuruzwa rifite iryo zina rigufi rihinduka ikintu kidafite amazi. Soma hamwe formule, nimero ya CAS, izina rya hidrate, igabanuka ry'uburemere iyo cyumishijwe cyangwa ibisabwa ku mazi, n'ishingiro ry'ipima ry'ingano y'irangi.

Nimero za CAS zirafasha iyo zuzuye. Klorire y'ubururu bwa metilene idafite amazi ikunze kugira nimero 61-73-4, naho trihidrate ikagira 7220-79-3. USP inashyiraho inyandiko za monohidrate, pentahidrate na hidrate itagaragaje umubare w'amazi. Kubera ko inyandiko zo mu bubiko bw'amakuru bukusanyije rimwe na rimwe zisubiramo nimero ya CAS imwe ku miterere itandukanye, fata CAS nk'ikimenyetso cyunganira, aho kuyigira igisimbura formule yanditse.

Ishingiro ry'ipima: ipima rishingiye ku cyumishijwe, ingano y'amazi n'ubuziranenge ni ibizamini bitandukanye

USP igena ko ingano y'ubururu bwa metilene iba kuva kuri 97.0% kugeza kuri 103.0% bya C16H18ClN3S, ibarwa ishingiye ku cyumishijwe. Ayo magambo ni ingenzi. Igisubizo gishingiye ku cyumishijwe gikuramo, mu mibare, uburemere bwatakaye mu kumisha mbere yo kugaragaza ingano y'irangi. Bityo, trihidrate itarimo ibindi na pentahidrate itarimo ibindi zombi zishobora kwegera 100% hashingiwe ku cyumishijwe, nubwo uburemere bwazo kuri mole uko zakiriwe butandukanye cyane.

Amazi agenzurwa ukwayo binyuze mu igabanuka ry'uburemere mu kumisha. Inyandiko igena ibipimo ikoreshwa ubu yumisha icyitegererezo kuri 105 degrees C mu masaha 5, ikemera igabanuka riri kuva kuri 8.0% kugeza kuri 24.0%. Igabanuka ry'uburemere mu kumisha ripima ibintu bihinduka umwuka bikavanwamo muri ibyo bihe. Si uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima amazi nk'uko ipima ry'amazi rya Karl Fischer rimeze, kandi ntirigaragaza imiterere ya kristalo. Impuzandengo y'igipimo cyegereye amazi atatu kuri buri gice cy'irangi rero ntihamya ubwayo ko hari kristalo ya trihidrate imwe yihariye. Ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene buri mu buryo bukomeye bwagaragaje imiterere itandukanye ya hidrate n'imvange zayo; bityo, kumenya imiterere nyirizina bisaba isesengura ryo gutatana kw'imirasire cyangwa iry'imyitwarire ku bushyuhe iyo imiterere ubwayo ari yo y'ingenzi, aho kuba gusa impuzandengo y'igipimo cy'amazi.

Iryo tandukaniro rinasobanura impamvu ipima ry'ingano y'irangi rirengeje 100% ritahita risobanura ko habaye ikosa muri laboratwari. Ibarwa rishingiye ku cyumishijwe, ikosora ry'amazi asigaye, agaciro kahawe ikigereranyo ngenderwaho cyangwa ukudahuza kwa hidrate, buri kimwe gishobora guhindura uwo mubare. Isesengura rirambuye ry'ingero riri mu nyandiko impamvu ipima ry'ingano y'ubururu bwa metilene rishobora kurenga 100% ryerekana uko amakosa y'ishingiro ry'ipima asa n'amakosa y'ubuziranenge.

Ku kugura no kugenzura ubuziranenge, icyo bivuze kirumvikana. Kubahiriza USP ni uburyo umuguzi abona urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubuziranenge ruboneka ku isoko, kuko ibisabwa bikubiyemo umwirondoro w'ikinyabutabire, ingano y'irangi, imyanda y'ibinyabutabire birimo karubone, ibisigazwa by'imiti ishongesha, imyanda y'elementi, ibisigazwa nyuma yo gutwika, imipaka y'udukoko dutagaragara n'endotoksine za bagiteri. Abacuruzi benshi bavuga ko bubahiriza USP bapima gusa igice gito cy'ibiri kuri urwo rutonde. Blupreme ipima ibisabwa byose bya USP ifatanyije n'umufatanyabikorwa ukora imiti, kandi igatangaza icyemezo cy'isesengura cyuzuye, kugira ngo imiterere ya hidrate, igisubizo cy'amazi n'ipima rishingiye ku cyumishijwe bisomwe hamwe aho kubikeka uhereye ku kirango cyo imbere. Mu kugereranya abatanga ibicuruzwa, saba ibi uko ari bitatu: formule ya hidrate ivugwa, igisubizo cy'ipima ry'amazi cyangwa igabanuka ry'uburemere mu kumisha, n'ipima ry'ingano y'irangi hamwe n'ishingiro ryaryo ryanditse.

Uko wasoma ikirango cy'ubururu bwa metilene mu nshuro imwe

Ubwa mbere, shaka izina rya hidrate na formule. Niba ikirango kivuga gusa ubururu bwa metilene, ntukeke ko ari 319.85 g/mol. Ubwa kabiri, soma ishingiro ry'ipima ry'ingano y'irangi. Ijanisha ritagira amagambo asobanura ko rishingiye ku kintu uko cyakiriwe, cyumishijwe cyangwa kidafite amazi ntirishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu kubara igipimo cya mole. Ubwa gatatu, soma ibijyanye n'amazi cyangwa igabanuka ry'uburemere mu kumisha bitandukanye n'ibijyanye n'imyanda. Amazi asobanura itandukaniro ry'uburemere hagati y'imiterere ya hidrate. Ibinyabutabire bifitanye isano, Azure B, ibyuma, imiti ishongesha n'ibizamini by'udukoko dutagaragara bisobanura ubuziranenge mu butabire no mu binyabuzima. Tandukanya ayo matsinda abiri maze ukwivuguruza kumenyerewe mu rutonde rw'ibicuruzwa gusobanuke: inyandiko imwe igaragaza katiyoni, indi ikagaragaza umunyu, iya gatatu ikagaragaza trihidrate, kandi zose zikaba ari zo, kuko buri mubare usobanura ikintu gitandukanye.