Ubururu bwa metilene na otizime: gusuzuma ubushakashatsi

Ntabwo ubururu bwa metilene bwemejwe nk'uburyo bwo kuvura otizime. Inyandiko zasuzumwe mu gutegura iyi ngingo ntizirimo igerageza ku barwayi rifite itsinda ryo kugereranya rigaragaza ko ubururu bwa metilene bwonyine butuma abantu bafite otizime barushaho gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi cyangwa bugahindura ibipimo bijyanye na otizime mu buryo bwiza. Zirimo igerageza ry'igikoresho gitanga urumuri, ubushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari n'ubwo kwitegereza, ndetse na raporo y'umurwayi wakoresheje uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvurwa. Izo nyandiko zisubiza ibibazo bitandukanye.

Intambwe ya mbere ifatika ni ugusoma igice cy'inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi kivuga uburyo bwageragejwe. Inyandiko ishobora kuvuga ubururu bwa metilene nta n'umwe mu bitabiriye ubushakashatsi wabuhawe. Umuntu ashobora guhabwa ubururu bwa metilene kubera ikindi kibazo cy'ubuzima, ariko ibyo ntibituma bihinduka ubushakashatsi ku kuvura otizime.

Igerageza ry'urumuri ntiryagerageje ubururu bwa metilene

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2024 ku bana bafite imyaka ibiri kugeza kuri itandatu, bagabanyijwe mu matsinda ku buryo bwa tombola kandi bukagira itsinda ryahawe igikorwa cyigana ubuvuzi, bwagerageje guhindura imikorere y'uturemangingo hakoreshejwe urumuri runyura mu gihanga: urumuri rwegereye infuraruje rwagezwaga ku ruhu rwo ku mutwe hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyari kikigeragezwa. Abana mirongo itatu bitabiriye gahunda yamaze ibyumweru umunani. Uburyo bwageragejwe ntibwarimo ubururu bwa metilene.

Abashakashatsi batangaje itandukaniro ry'amanota 7.23 hagati y'amatsinda mu ihinduka ryagaragaye ku gipimo cy'isuzuma rya otizime mu bana, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, hamwe n'intera y'icyizere ya 95% kuva kuri 2.357 kugeza kuri 12.107. Ibi byari ibyavuye ku gipimo cy'isuzuma mu igerageza rito. Ntibigaragaza ingaruka z'ubururu bwa metilene, bwaba bwakoreshejwe bwonyine cyangwa bufatanyijwe n'urumuri. Abanditsi bagaragaje imbogamizi zirimo umubare muto w'abitabiriye ubushakashatsi, abavuyemo n'ababasimbuye, ndetse no kutamenya neza ingaruka z'igihe kirekire.

Kuki iyo nyandiko ishobora kugaragara mu biganiro ku bururu bwa metilene? Inyandiko yifashishije zirimo isesengura rivuga uburyo iryo rangi rigira uruhare mu mikorere yo guhinduranya ibinyabutabire muri sisitemu y'imyakura. Inyandiko yifashishijwe ishyigikira ibisobanuro rusange; ntabwo ihindura ibyo abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bahawe. Itandukaniro hagati yo guhindura imikorere y'uturemangingo hakoreshejwe urumuri n'impinduka z'ubururu bwa metilene ziterwa n'urumuri ni ingenzi igihe cyose gahunda ihuza uburyo bwinshi yifashisha ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwagerageje urumuri rwonyine.

Imbonerahamwe ihuza ibyavuzwe n'ubushakashatsi bwabyo

Koresha iyi mbonerahamwe ugereranye ibivugwa n'inyandiko ishobora kwifashishwa mu kubishyigikira. “Byatangajwe” bisobanura ko inyandiko iboneka, si uko byemeza ko uburyo bukora.

Ikivugwa gisuzumwa	Uburyo bwageragejwe cyangwa icyapimwe koko	Abitabiriye ubushakashatsi cyangwa icyitegererezo cyakoreshejwe	Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byatangajwe	Uko ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe n'uko busobanurwa
“Igerageza kuri otizime rishyigikira ubururu bwa metilene.”	Ururumuri rwegereye infuraruje rugereranyijwe n'igikorwa kirwigana; nta bururu bwa metilene	Abana 30 bafite imyaka 2–6	Ihinduka ku gipimo cy'isuzuma rya otizime; ibipimo bya EEG byo gushakisha amakuru	Igerageza ry'igikoresho gitanga urumuri ryatangajwe mu 2024; ntirishobora kwemeza ingaruka z'umuti
“Ubururu bwa metilene burwanya ibimenyetso bya otizime bifitanye isano na endotoksine.”	Ubururu bwa metilene bwatewe mbere yo gutera LPS cyangwa gukora ibizamini by'imyitwarire	Imbeba z'ingabo mu cyitegererezo cy'indwara yo kwiheba	Inyinshi mu nenge z'imyitwarire zari zatewe zaragabanutse; heme oxygenase-1 mu gice cy'amaraso kitwa serumu yarapimwe	Igerageza ku nyamaswa ryatangajwe kuri interineti mu 2018 no mu nomero yo mu 2019; nta byavuye ku barwayi bafite otizime
“Endotoksine ni yo itera otizime.”	Ibipimo bya endotoksine muri serumu n'ibimenyetso by'imikorere y'ubudahangarwa; nta buvuzi bwageragejwe	Abantu bakuru 22 bavuzwe ko bafite otizime ikomeye; abantu 28 bahuje ibiranga na bo bo mu itsinda ryo kugereranya	Endotoksine nyinshi kurushaho n'amasano n'ibipimo by'imibanire n'abandi	Ubushakashatsi bwo kwitegereza bwatangajwe mu 2010; ntibwemeza icyateye otizime cyangwa akamaro k'ubuvuzi
“Ibyagaragaye kuri mitokondiriya byemeza impamvu yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene.”	Ibipimo bya mitokondiriya mu turemangingo tw'amaraso; nta buvuzi bw'ubururu bwa metilene	Abana 10 bafite otizime bafite imyaka 2–5 n'abana 10 bo mu itsinda ryo kugereranya	Itandukaniro mu mikorere ya mitokondiriya no mu bipimo bya DNA	Ubushakashatsi bwo gushakisha amakuru bwatangajwe mu 2010; nta gipimo cyo kugenzura niba umuti ukora
“Raporo y'umurwayi yemeza ko ubururu bwa metilene bukora.”	Gahunda z'imiti irwanya mikorobe zahindukaga, zirimo ubururu bwa metilene, hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo gufasha umurwayi	Umwangavu umwe wasuzumwe agasangwamo indwara nyinshi	Impinduka mu bimenyetso zanditswe n'umubyeyi n'isuzuma ry'imyigire ryagaragaje iterambere	Raporo y'umurwayi yatangajwe mu 2023; ntishobora gutandukanya uruhare rw'ubururu bwa metilene n'urw'ibindi
“Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe ko buzaba, bityo akamaro kagaragajwe.”	Uburyo buteganywa bugomba kugenzurwa muri gahunda nyakuri y'ubushakashatsi	Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe kwitabira bisobanura abagenewe ubushakashatsi	Ibipimo biteganyijwe si ibyavuyemo byamaze kugaragara	Itangazo cyangwa iyandikwa ry'ubushakashatsi byonyine ntibitanga amakuru ku byabaye ku barwayi

Icyo igerageza kuri endotoksine rigaragaza koko

Ikiganiro cyo ku rubuga gihuza ubururu bwa metilene, otizime na endotoksine kigaragaza uko ibivugwa byinshi bishobora guhuzwa. Gitanga ibibazo by'abasomyi, ntabwo ari ibimenyetso biva mu bushakashatsi ku barwayi.

Imwe mu nyandiko zifitanye isano n'ibi ni igerageza rya Yin na bagenzi be ku mbeba, ku nenge z'imyitwarire zatewe na LPS. LPS, cyangwa lipopolysaccharide, yakoreshejwe kugira ngo itere igisubizo cy'umubiri cyo kubyimbirwa mu cyitegererezo cy'indwara yo kwiheba. Abashakashatsi batanze ubururu bwa metilene babutera mu mwanya wo mu nda ukikije ingingo, mbere yo gutera LPS cyangwa gukora ibizamini by'imyitwarire. Bapimye imyitwarire mu kizamini cyo koga ku gahato no mu cyo kumanikwa ku murizo, guhitamo sukoroze, kumenya ibintu, ndetse n'ikimenyetso cyo mu maraso.

Iyo miterere y'ubushakashatsi ibaza niba gutanga umuti mbere bihindura uko umubiri witabira ingaruka mbi zatewe ku bushake mu igerageza. Ntibaza niba ubururu bwa metilene bunyobwa bufasha umuntu mukuru ufite otizime n'umunaniro, bugabanya ibimenyetso byo mu gifu n'amara ku bana, cyangwa buhindura otizime. Ntigerageza kandi indyo “itarimo endotoksine”, cyangwa ngo yemeze ko iryo rangi rikuraho bagiteri zo mu mara zikora endotoksine.

Isano yagaragaye mu bantu ni ikindi kintu cyabonetse ukwacyo. Emanuele na bagenzi be bapimye endotoksine mu bantu bakuru 22 bafite otizime n'abantu 28 bo mu itsinda ryo kugereranya, basanga urugero rwayo ruri hejuru mu itsinda ry'abafite otizime, kandi rufitanye isano n'ibipimo by'imibanire n'abandi. Nta buvuzi bugabanya endotoksine bwageragejwe. Itandukaniro hagati y'amatsinda ntirisobanura icyabanje gutera ikindi, izindi mpamvu zishobora kubigiramo uruhare, cyangwa niba guhindura icyo gipimo hari uwo byafasha. Ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene n'urusobe rwa mikorobe zo mu mara na bwo busaba gutandukanya ibipimo by'imikorere y'umubiri n'akamaro ku murwayi.

Ibitekerezo kuri mitokondiriya na raporo y'umurwayi wakoresheje uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvurwa

Mitokondiriya zigira uruhare mu gukora ingufu mu turemangingo. Ibyo bituma ziba ikintu gifite ishingiro cyo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi, ariko kugira ishingiro ryo gukora ubushakashatsi si impamvu yemejwe yo gutanga ubuvuzi. Mu bushakashatsi bwo gushakisha amakuru bwa Giulivi na bagenzi be, abashakashatsi bagereranyije mitokondiriya zo mu turemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa twitwa lymphocytes tw'abana 10 bafite otizime n'izo mu bana 10 bo mu itsinda ryo kugereranya. Babonye itandukaniro mu bipimo byinshi by'imikorere na DNA bya mitokondiriya. Ntibatanze ubururu bwa metilene cyangwa ngo bemeze inenge imwe ya mitokondiriya ihuriweho n'abantu bose bafite otizime.

Ubundi bwoko bw'ibimenyetso buturuka kuri raporo yo mu 2023 y'umwangavu wahawe imiti irwanya mikorobe. Ubururu bwa metilene bwari bumwe mu miti myinshi yatanzwe muri gahunda zahindukaga zo kuvura indwara bakekaga ko zanduzwa n'ibinyabuzima bitwara ubwandu. Abanditsi bavuze ko ibimenyetso byanditswe n'umubyeyi n'isuzuma ry'imyigire byagaragaje iterambere. Nta tsinda ritavuwe ryari rihari ryo kugereranya, kandi uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura bwagiye buhinduka uko igihe cyagendaga. Iyo raporo ntishobora kutubwira ibyari kuba hatabayeho ubuvuzi cyangwa igice cyabwo cyagize uruhare. Ntiyemeza ko ubwandu ari bwo busobanura otizime muri rusange.

Sobanura igipimo cy'ibitegerejwe mbere yo gutekereza ku buvuzi

Umuntu ufite otizime ushaka kugabanya umunaniro, kubura ibitotsi, ububabare, guhangayika cyangwa ibimenyetso byo mu gifu n'amara akwiye gusuzumirwa icyo kibazo cyihariye. Gusinzira neza kurushaho bishobora kugira akamaro kanini bitagaragaje ko otizime ubwayo yahindutse. Ku rundi ruhande, ihinduka ry'agaciro kapimwe muri laboratwari rishobora kutagira ingaruka umuntu abona mu buzima bwe.

Ku kintu gishya cyose kivugwa, andika impinduka igamijwe, uwayipimye, icyo byagereranyijwe nacyo n'igihe iterambere ryamaze. Tandukanya intego z'umuntu ubwe n'imibereho ye myiza n'uko undi muntu amubona akibwira ko imyitwarire ye irushaho gusa n'iy'abandi. Kugenzura gahunda yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene iboneka kuri interineti bisaba kandi kureba niba uburyo bwose ihuza bwarakorewe ubushakashatsi.

Itangazo risobanura ubushakashatsi buteganywa. Inyandiko yo mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubushakashatsi ishobora gusobanura umubare w'abateganywa kwitabira n'ibipimo by'ibitegerejwe. Nta na kimwe gisimbura ibisubizo bigaragaza umubare w'abavuwe, ibyabaye muri buri tsinda n'ibibazo bitifuzwa byabayeho. Ndetse n'ubushakashatsi bwanditse ko bwarangiye bushobora kuba budafite ibisubizo byatangajwe ku mugaragaro.

Amabwiriza agezweho yo muri Amerika yo kwandikira umurwayi ProvayBlue iterwa mu mutsi yerekeye methemoglobinemia umuntu atavukanye, harimo no kuyikoresha ku bana. Ntabwo atanga gahunda yo kuvura otizime. Aburira ku ngaruka zikomeye za sindorome ya serotonine iyo ukoreshejwe hamwe n'imiti yongera ibikorwa bya serotonine n'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa opioids, kandi abuza kuyikoresha ku bantu bafite ibura rya G6PD kubera ibyago byo kugira ikibazo cy'amaraso make giterwa no gusenyuka kw'insoro zitukura. Ibi bisaba gusuzuma imiti umuntu akoresha n'amateka ye y'ubuzima, aho kubara ingano y'umuti kuri interineti.

Ntugabanye gahunda y'abantu bakuru igamije guteza imbere ubuzima ngo uyikoreshe ku mwana. Ibimenyetso ku bururu bwa metilene mu bana bigomba guhuza n'indwara yasuzumwe, uko umuti uteye, inzira unyuramo utangwa n'icyiciro cy'imyaka. Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiranywe hano ntibwemeza ingano y'umuti yihariye ku bana bafite otizime cyangwa ubuvuzi bw'ubururu bwa metilene ku munaniro uboneka hamwe na otizime.