Ubururu bwa metilene na kanseri: ibyabonetse muri laboratwari ugereranyije n'ibimenyetso ku barwayi

Ese ubururu bwa metilene bwica uturemangingo twa kanseri? Mu gikoresho cya laboratwari, akenshi ni yego. Icyo gisubizo gitangaza abantu, bigatuma gikwirakwira cyane. Ikibazo ni uko gihishamo ikindi kibazo: ese ubururu bwa metilene buvura kanseri mu barwayi? Kuri icyo kibazo, inyandiko z'ubushakashatsi zitanga igisubizo gitandukanye, kandi urujijo rwinshi rwo kuri interineti ruturuka ku kuvanga ibyiciro bitatu by'ubushakashatsi bikoresha irangi rimwe ariko bigerageza uburyo butandukanye.

Bifate nk'ibitekerezo bitatu bifite izina rimwe. Icya mbere ni umuti wica ibibyimba ubwawo. Icya kabiri ni ikinyabutabire gikangurwa n'urumuri, kikaba uburozi gusa aho urumuri rugeze. Icya gatatu ni irangi ry'ubururu rifasha umuganga ubaga kubona ingirangingo. Igisubizo cyo muri kimwe ntigihita gikoreshwa mu bindi. Iyo uzirikanye iryo tandukaniro, ibimenyetso bihita byisobanura.

Icyo inyandiko yo mu nkoranyamagambo ya kanseri ivuga koko

Inyandiko yo mu nkoranyamagambo y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Kanseri ku bururu bwa metilene ibusobanura nk'irangi ry'ubururu ryakozwe mu buryo bw'ubutabire, rifata ku bice by'uturemangingo bifite umuriro w'amashanyarazi wo mu bwoko bwa negatifu, nka aside nukileyike. Mu bijyanye na kanseri, ivuga gutera iryo rangi mu ngirangingo za sisitemu ya limufe mu gihe cyo kubaga, kugira ngo risige ibara ku dusabo twa limufe twakira amatembabuzi ava muri ako gace, bityo umuganga ubaga abashe kutubona. Inavuga ukwako, ikoreshwa ryaryo rinyuze mu mutsi mu kwakira no gutanga elegitoroni mu gihe cya methemoglobinemia.

Iyo nyandiko ntishyira ubururu bwa metilene mu miti ya kanseri yemejwe. Kuba kuri urwo rupapuro hari ihuza ryo gushakisha igerageza ni ikintu gisanzwe kiba mu nkoranyamagambo, si umwanzuro ku mikorere y'umuti. Iyo umuntu atanze urupapuro rwa NCI nk'ikimenyetso cy'uko ubururu bwa metilene bwemewe mu kuvura kanseri, aba yasomye nabi ubwoko bw'amakuru inkoranyamagambo itanga.

Kwica uturemangingo mu buryo butaziguye nta rumuri: ku turemangingo ni yego, ku barwayi ni oya

Inyandiko ivugwa cyane mu gusobanura uko ibyo byakora ni isesengura ry'ubururu bwa metilene nk'ubundi buryo bwo gutwara elegitoroni muri mitokondiriya. Igitekerezo cyayo kiroroshye. Ubururu bwa metilene bwakira elegitoroni ziva kuri NADH hafi ya kompleks I, bukazohereza kuri cytochrome c, bukanyura iruhande rw'ibice byangiritse by'uruhererekane rw'imikorere yo guhumeka kw'uturemangingo. Mu turemangingo dukurirwa muri laboratwari, iryo hinduka ryongera ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni, rigabanya igikolize n'ikorwa rya lakitate, kandi rigasubiza imikorere y'uturemangingo ku fosiforilasiya ishingiye kuri ogisijeni.

Ku bijyanye na glioblastoma, igerageza ryashingiweho ryakoresheje imirongo y'uturemangingo tw'ibibyimba dukurirwa muri laboratwari. Uturemangingo twahawe ubwo bururu twagaragaje ihinduka rya Warburg ryasubijwe inyuma, kugabanuka kw'ukwiyongera kwatwo, gukanguka kw'ubutumwa bw'ikibazo cy'ingufu binyuze muri AMPK, no guhagarara mu cyiciro S cy'uruhererekane rw'imikurire y'uturemangingo. Aho ni ho haturuka igitekerezo cy'uko ubururu bwa metilene busubiza inyuma ingaruka ya Warburg. Ibyo byarabaye koko, ariko byagarukiye mu bikoresho bya laboratwari.

Igerageza ryakurikiyeho rifite akamaro ni ryo ridakunze kuvugwa. Igihe iryo tsinda ryakoreraga ku mbeba zatewemo ingirangingo za glioblastoma z'abantu maze rikaziha ubururu bwa metilene bugera mu mubiri wose, inzira y'imikorere yari yaratekerejwe ntiyakangutse kandi ibibyimba ntibyagabanutse. Hari ibyabonetse kera mu nyamaswa byagaragazaga impinduka, harimo raporo yo mu 1989 ku mbeba zakoreshejwe mu buryo bwo kwiga ibibyimba bikurira mu matembabuzi yo mu nda na leukemia, aho imikurire y'ibibyimba yagabanutse. Ariko inyandiko iboneka mu bubiko bw'ubushakashatsi ntifite ibisobanuro bihagije by'uburyo bwakoreshejwe, bikenewe n'umusomyi w'iki gihe. Kandi nta bushakashatsi muri iki cyiciro bwageze ku igerageza ku bantu rifite itsinda ryo kugereranya, rigamije gusuzuma ubururu bwa metilene bugera mu mubiri wose nk'umuti wica ibibyimba. Ubutabire busobanura uko ubururu bwa metilene butwara elegitoroni bwerekana impamvu iyo ngaruka isaba ko hari ibihe runaka byujujwe, si impamvu umurwayi yakwitega kuyibona.

Hari kandi ibimenyetso byo mu bushakashatsi ku burozi bituma umuntu yitonda. Ubushakashatsi bw'Imyaka ibiri bwa Porogaramu y'Igihugu y'Ubushakashatsi ku Burozi bwahaye imbeba nini n'imbeba nto uwo muti binyuze mu muyoboro ujya mu gifu. Bwabonye kubura amaraso kwiyongeraga bitewe n'ingano yahawe inyamaswa, ndetse n'iyongera ry'ibibyimba mu birwa by'uturemangingo two mu rwagashya no mu mara mato. Ubushakashatsi bwa laboratwari ku kwangirika kwa DNA guterwa n'ibyuma nta rumuri na bwo bwerekana ko hakenewe kwitonda. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo gihamya ibyago ku bantu ku rugero urwo ari rwo rwose rwo guhura n'uwo muti, ariko bibuza gufata umwanzuro wihuse w'uko irangi ryakira kandi rigatanga elegitoroni rigomba kuba ridateje ibyago kubera ko rimaze igihe rikoreshwa. Ishusho yuzuye igomba gusomerwa hamwe n'amakuru ku mutekano w'ubururu bwa metilene.

Ubuvuzi bukoresha ikinyabutabire gikangurwa n'urumuri: irangi rimwe, uburyo butandukanye

Ubuvuzi bukoresha ubururu bwa metilene bukangurwa n'urumuri si ubuvuzi bugera mu mubiri wose bwongerwaho urumuri nk'umurimbo. Ni uburyo bukorerwa ahantu hamwe: irangi rishyirwa mu gice cyangiritse cyangwa hejuru yacyo, hanyuma rigacanirwa n'urumuri rufite uburebure bw'umuraba iryo rangi ryakira. Ibyo bitanga ogisijeni yo mu bwoko bwa singlet na radikali byangiza ingirangingo ziri hafi, mu ntera ya mikorometero. Imibare y'uburozi nta rumuri n'iyo urumuri ruhari ishobora gutandukana ku rugero rwikuba icumi, bityo kuvuga ko uturemangingo twapfuye mu gikoresho cya laboratwari utavuze ingano y'urumuri rwakoreshejwe nta cyo bisobanuye.

Ibimenyetso ku bantu muri iki cyiciro ni bike kandi byerekeye ahantu hamwe. Ikimenyetso gito gikomeye kurusha ibindi ni icyerekeye kanseri y'uruhu yo mu turemangingo two hasi imeze nk'udupfundo. Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiranye abarwayi guhera ku ntangiriro bwavuye abarwayi 20 bukoresheje irangi rishyirwa ku ruhu, iriterwa mu bice binini byangiritse, hanyuma urumuri. Bwatangaje igisubizo cyuzuye ku buvuzi mu isuzuma rya muganga ku barwayi 11 muri 17 barangije gukurikiranwa, nyuma y'amezi atandatu, hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'agace k'ingirangingo aho byari bikenewe. Nta tsinda ryo kugereranya ryagabanyijwemo abarwayi ku buryo bwa tombola. Ibindi ni raporo z'abantu bake, nk'abarwayi batatu bafite kanseri yongeye kugaruka mu muyoboro w'ibiryo, bakurikiranwe harebwa ugupfa kw'ingirangingo aho hantu, n'umurwayi umwe wa sarkoma ya Kaposi wanahawe ubururu bwa toluidine. Bityo, iyo ngaruka ntishobora kwitirirwa ubururu bwa metilene bwonyine.

Ibindi byose bikunze kuvugwa ni ubushakashatsi bwo mbere yo kugerageza ku bantu. Isesengura rishingiye ku buryo buteguye ryo mu 2023 ry'ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene bukangurwa n'urumuri ryabonye ubushakashatsi icumi gusa ku nyamaswa bwujuje ibisabwa. Bwari bukubiyemo uburyo bwo kwiga kanseri y'urura runini n'urukiramende, melanoma na kanseri y'ibere, n'ibindi, kandi ryagaragaje ko urwo rwego rukiri mu bushakashatsi bwo mbere yo kugerageza ku bantu. Ingirangingo za kanseri y'urura runini n'urukiramende zatewe mu mbeba, zigaterwamo irangi aho zari ziri hanyuma zikacanirwa, zagaragaje igipimo kinini cyo gusenywa aho hantu. Ubushakashatsi ku ruhago, mu kanwa no kuri melanoma buvuga gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubaho kw'uturemangingo, urupfu rw'uturemangingo ruteguwe, cyangwa kugabanuka kw'ifatwa ry'ibibyimba byatewe mu nyamaswa. Ibyo byabaye ku mirongo y'uturemangingo no ku nyamaswa, si igisubizo cy'ibibyimba ku buvuzi cyangwa igihe abarwayi babaho. Ubuvuzi bw'urumuri ku gice cy'uruhu cyangiritse ntacyo buvuga ku kunywa umuti uri mu mazi ku ndwara yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Biratandukanye mu nzira yo gutanga umuti, ingano igera aho ugenewe, urumuri, ubwoko bw'ikibyimba n'icyapimwe.

Irangi ry'ubururu mu kubaga: akamaro kagaragajwe, ariko igipimo si icyo kuvura

Urwego rufite ubushakashatsi ku bantu benshi koko rusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kubona ingirangingo, si ubwo kuzica. Mu kubaga ibere, igerageza ryagabanyije abarwayi 142 ku buryo bwa tombola, rigagereranya ubururu bwa metilene n'irangi rya patent blue. Ryapimye ubushobozi bwo kubona agasabo ka limufe k'umuzamu, si kugabanuka kw'ikibyimba. Ryabonye ibipimo byo kukabona bigera hafi kuri 61 ku ijana ugereranyije na 68 ku ijana, nta tandukaniro rifite ubusobanuro mu mibare y'ubushakashatsi. Irindi gerageza rito ryagabanyije abarwayi 60 ku buryo bwa tombola ryagereranyije irangi ryonyine n'irangi rihujwe n'ikinyabutabire cya radiocolloid, ripima ukuri ko kubona utwo dusabo n'igipimo cy'ibisubizo bivuga nabi ko tutabonetse. Na none, icyapimwe cyari ukubona utwo dusabo, si kuvura kanseri.

Gusuzuma imbere mu mubiri hakoreshejwe umuyoboro ufite kamera na byo bigaragaza iyo nkuru. Igerageza ryagabanyije abarwayi 165 bafite indwara yo kubyimbirwa k'urura runini ikora ibisebe ku buryo bwa tombola, ryagereranyije isuzuma rikoresha ubururu bwa metilene bushyirwa ku ngirangingo n'isuzuma risanzwe ry'urura runini, harebwa ubushobozi bwo kubona ibice bishobora kuvamo kanseri. Ryabonye ko habonetse ibice byinshi kurushaho. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu cyiciro III ku barwayi 1,205 bapimwaga hagamijwe kumenya indwara hakiri kare bwakoresheje irangi rinyobwa rigenewe kugera mu rura runini. Bwapimye igipimo cyo kubona adenoma, cyavuye hafi kuri 48 kigera kuri 56 ku ijana, nta kuvuga ko ari ubuvuzi. Ubushakashatsi ku barwayi cumi na babiri bwo kureba niba uburyo bushoboka bwakoresheje irangi rinyuzwa mu mutsi n'amashusho akorwa hakoreshejwe urumuri rwegereye urwa infraruje, kugira ngo hagaragazwe imiyoboro iva ku mpyiko ijya ku ruhago mu gihe cyo kubaga kanseri zo mu kiziba cy'inda. Bwatangaje ko iyo miyoboro yombi yabonetse kuri buri murwayi. Ni ubufasha bufite akamaro mu kubaga, ariko si ikimenyetso cy'uko irangi ryagabanyije ikibyimba icyo ari cyo cyose. Amabwiriza ku buryo bwo gusoma ubushakashatsi ku bururu bwa metilene abaho neza neza kubera ko ibipimo byo gutahura indwara bivugwa nk'aho ari ibipimo byo kuyivura.

Imbonerahamwe y'ubushakashatsi: ikibyimba, icyakoreshejwe, inzira, n'icyapimwe koko

Banza usome inkingi y'ibyapimwe kuva hejuru ugana hasi mbere yo gusoma umutwe uwo ari wo wose. Niba icyapimwe ari lakitate cyangwa ubushobozi bw'uturemangingo bwo kubaho, ubushakashatsi ntibushobora gushyigikira igitekerezo kijyanye n'igihe abarwayi babaho. Niba icyapimwe ari ugutahura, ntibushobora gushyigikira igitekerezo cyo kuvura.

Uburyo bwo kuri interineti: genzura imiti yahujwe, kanseri, n'igisubizo

Uburyo bufite amazina buvugwa kuri interineti busanzwe buhuza ubururu bwa metilene n'umuti urwanya ind паразiti nka fenbendazole cyangwa ivermectin, rimwe na rimwe hakiyongeraho kwiyiriza ubusa, hanyuma bugaherekezwa n'inkuru z'abarwayi. Buri kintu gikeneye kugenzurwa muri ubu buryo butatu: ese izi miti zahujwe neza muri ubu buryo zarakorewe ubushakashatsi, kuri kanseri iyihe, kandi hapimwe iki?

Nta gerageza rifite itsinda ryo kugereranya ryabonetse ku buryo bukunzwe bwo guhuza ubururu bwa metilene na fenbendazole na ivermectin, hiyongereyeho cyangwa hatiyongereyeho kwiyiriza ubusa. Raporo ya vuba yegereye ubwo buryo itanga ibimenyetso bihabanye n'iyo nkuru. Raporo yo mu 2026 ku murwayi wa melanoma yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri yasobanuye umuntu w'imyaka 74 wifatiye ivermectin, fenbendazole, ubururu bwa metilene n'ibindi byunganira imirire byinshi, nyuma yo kwanga ubuvuzi bugera mu mubiri wose. Amashusho n'igipimo cya DNA y'ikibyimba izenguruka mu maraso byabanje kugaragaza impinduka nziza, hanyuma birushaho kuba bibi kugeza indwara ikomeje gukura. Abanditsi babonye ko kugabanuka kw'ikibyimba kwikora bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri na byo byashobokaga nibura ku rugero rumwe, kubera ko cyari gifite ihinduka ryinshi cyane mu ngirabuzima fatizo. Umurwayi umwe udafite uwo agereranywa na we, wakoresheje ibintu byinshi icyarimwe kandi bitazwi neza niba yarakomeje kubikoresha uko byari biteganyijwe, si igisubizo cy'uburyo bw'ubuvuzi.

Ibindi bitekerezo biherekeza ubwo buryo na byo ntibitanga ibimenyetso birushijeho kubushyigikira. Inyandiko yakwirakwijwe cyane ku barwayi batatu bafashe fenbendazole yakuwe mu nyandiko zemewe muri Mutarama 2026 kubera inyungu zishobora kubangamira kutabogama zitari zaratangajwe, ikinyamakuru kikavuga ko zari kugira ingaruka ku gusobanura ibyabonetse. Ubushakashatsi kuri ivermectin ihujwe n'umuti ubuza poroteyine zigenzura ubudahangarwa, muri kanseri y'ibere itagira ibimenyetso bitatu byakirwa n'uturemangingo, bufite itsinda rimwe, buracyakira abarwayi kandi nta bisubizo byatangajwe. Ntiburimo ubururu bwa metilene, fenbendazole cyangwa kwiyiriza ubusa. Kwiyiriza ubusa ubwabyo bigomba gushyirwa ukwabyo: igerageza ryagabanyije abarwayi 131 ku buryo bwa tombola ku ndyo yigana kwiyiriza ubusa hafi y'ibihe byo guhabwa imiti ya kanseri mbere yo kubagwa, muri kanseri y'ibere itagira HER2, ryapimye uburozi n'ibimenyetso by'igisubizo ku buvuzi. Hari n'irindi gerageza rito ku barwayi 44 ba kanseri y'ibere mu rwego rusa n'urwo. Ubwo ni ubushakashatsi ku bintu byunganira imiti ya kanseri, bupima ibisubizo ku buvuzi, si gihamya yo kongera igihe cyo kubaho bitewe n'uburyo buhuza irangi n'umuti urwanya ind паразiti. Kandi igerageza rinini ku kwiyiriza ubusa muri kanseri y'urura runini n'urukiramende kugeza ubu ryatangaje gusa gahunda y'uko rizakorwa. Ibisobanuro ku byo ubushakashatsi ku kwiyiriza ubusa bwagerageje koko bifasha kutavanga ibyo byiciro.

Inkuru z'abarwayi zikwiye kumvwa no kugirirwa impuhwe, ariko zikomeza kuba urwego rufite ibimenyetso bidakomeye kurusha izindi. Inkuru zigaragaza cyane abacitse ku icumu bashyira amakuru kuri interineti, zigasiga ubuvuzi busanzwe bwakoreshwaga icyarimwe, kandi ntizivuge umubare w'abagerageje bose. Inkuru ishobora gutuma hategurwa igerageza. Ntishobora kurisimbura.

Icyitonderwa cya nyuma gifatika ku barwayi basanzwe bari mu buvuzi bwa kanseri. Ubururu bwa metilene si ikintu cyongerwaho nta ngaruka. Ikoreshwa ryabwo ryemewe ni ukuvura methemoglobinemia yaje nyuma, hakurikiranwa n'abaganga, kandi bubuza imikorere ya monoamine oxidase yo mu bwoko A ku bipimo bya nanomolar. Ibyo bitera imikoranire yagaragajwe n'imiti igabanya agahinda gakabije ikora kuri serotonin. Umuntu wese utekereza kubukoresha hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri agomba kubanza kwereka itsinda rimuvura kanseri igicuruzwa nyacyo, ingano atekereza gufata n'urutonde rwose rw'imiti akoresha, kuko ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru budatanga impamvu ijyanye no kongera igihe cyo kubaho yatuma yemera ibyago byiyongereye.

Uko wakoresha ibi bimenyetso

Umuntu wese ufite kanseri usoma iby'ubururu bwa metilene akwiye kubaza ibibazo bine kuri buri nyandiko yatanzwe nk'isoko. Ese hari urumuri cyangwa ntarwari ruhari, kuko kwica uturemangingo hakoreshejwe ikinyabutabire gikangurwa n'urumuri bitagaragaza ko uwo muti uzatwica ugeze mu mubiri wose. Ese ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu gikoresho cya laboratwari, ku nyamaswa, cyangwa ku barwayi bagabanyijwe ku buryo bwa tombola, kuko ubwo bwa nyuma ari bwo bwonyine bushobora kwerekana akamaro ku barwayi. Ese icyapimwe cyari ugutahura, ugupfa kw'ingirangingo ahantu hamwe, cyangwa igihe cyo kubaho, kuko icyo cya nyuma ari cyo cyonyine gisubiza ikibazo cy'ubuvuzi. Kandi ese imiti yahujwe mu igerageza ni yo iri kugurishwa, kandi ku bwoko bumwe bwa kanseri, kuko gufata igisubizo cy'ubushakashatsi ku kwiyiriza ubusa ukagikoresha mu gushyigikira uburyo bukoresha irangi ari ukwibeshya uvanga ibyiciro.

Dukurikije ibimenyetso bihari ubu, ubururu bwa metilene ni igikoresho cyizewe cya laboratwari cyo kwiga imikorere y'uturemangingo, ni ikinyabutabire gikangurwa n'urumuri kirimo kugeragezwa ahantu hamwe gifite ibimenyetso bike ku ruhu byabonetse nta matsinda yo kugereranya, kandi ni irangi rifite akamaro kagaragajwe mu kubaga. Ntabwo ari ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bugera mu mubiri wose bwagaragajwe ko bukora, kandi ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru ntibutanga ishingiro ryo kwamamaza igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kigurishwa nk'ubwo buvuzi.