Inyandiko
Impamvu ubururu bwa metilene buhindura ibara ry'inkari, ururimi n'amenyo
Ubururu bwa metilene bushobora gusiga ibara aho bukora mu kanwa kandi bugahindura ibara ry'inkari nyuma yo kwinjira mu mubiri. Ibyo biba mu buryo butandukanye. Ururimi rw'ubururu ahanini rwerekana ko irangi ryakoze ku buso bwarwo. Inkari z'ubururu buvanze n'icyatsi zishobora kwerekana ko irangi risohoka rinyuze mu nzira z'inkari. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo gipima igipimo cy'ingirakamaro, uko umubiri winjije icyo kinyabutabire, imikorere yacyo, ubuziranenge bwacyo cyangwa umutekano wacyo.
Ntukongere ubururu bwa metilene ufata kubera ko inkari zawe zitabaye ubururu. Nta bara ry'inkari ryemejwe rigomba kugerwaho mu kwisuzuma mu rugo. Ibimenyetso n'uko wahuye n'icyo kinyabutabire bifite agaciro kurusha kugerageza kugera ku ibara risa n'iry'ifoto.
Impamvu inkari zishobora kugaragara nk'icyatsi aho kuba ubururu
Amakuru agenewe abandikira abarwayi PROVAYBLUE iterwa mu mutsi avuga ko hafi 40% by'ubururu bwa metilene bisohoka mu nkari bitahindutse. Uwo mubare usobanura uko umubiri winjiza, uhindura kandi usohora uwo muti; si uburyo bwo kubara igipimo cyo kunywa ushingiye ku nkari ziri mu musarani.
Inkari zisanzwe zirimo ibinyabutabire bizipa ibara ry'umuhondo. Irangi ry'ubururu ryongewe kuri uwo muhondo rishobora gutuma zigaragara nk'icyatsi cyangwa ubururu buvanze n'icyatsi. Kuvangwa n'amazi n'imiterere y'aho urebera na byo bigira ingaruka ku byo ubona: amazi ari mu muyoboro muto, ari mu gikoresho cyimbitse cyo kuyakusanyirizamo, n'amazi yo mu musarani si ngombwa ko agaragara kimwe.
Muri raporo ya Koratala na Leghrouz ku murwayi nyuma yo kubagwa, ubururu bwa metilene bwatanzwe binyuze mu muyoboro winjizwa mu gifu uciye mu mazuru kugira ngo hasuzumwe igifu cyari cyasanwe. Inkari z'umurwayi zabaye icyatsi, iryo bara rigenda rigabanuka mu minsi itanu. Ibi byerekana uko byagenze ku murwayi umwe, si igihe ntarengwa inkari za buri muntu zigomba kuba zasubiriye ku ibara zari zisanganywe.
Byagenda bite ubururu bwa metilene butatumye inkari ziba ubururu?
Kureba gusa ntibishobora gutandukanya impamvu nyinshi zishoboka: igihe urebereye, uko inkari zivanzemo amazi, ingano y'ibintu bifite ibara birimo, n'imiterere yabyo ya shimi. Ubururu bwa metilene bushobora guhinduka binyuze mu kwiyongeraho kwa elegitoroni, bukaba ubururu bwa lewukometilene butagira ibara; ubushakashatsi ku isesengura ry'inkari z'abantu bwabonye ubwo bwoko bwahindutse mu nkari nyuma yo gufata icyo kinyabutabire binyuze mu kanwa. Shimi y'ubururu bwa metilene n'ubururu bwa lewukometilene ifasha gusobanura impamvu kubona ibara ry'ubururu no kuba icyo kinyabutabire gihari atari ibintu bimwe.
Kutabona ubururu ntibyemeza ko umubiri utinjije icyo kinyabutabire, ko igicuruzwa ari igihimbano, ko umubiri wakihinduye vuba, cyangwa ko hakenewe kongera kugikoresha. Kubona ubururu bwinshi ntibyemeza ko umubiri wakinjije neza cyangwa ko ubuvuzi bukora neza. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo kigaragaza niba igicuruzwa kirimo imyanda idakenewe.
Ku kibazo cyerekeye kumenya ikinyabutabire cyangwa igipimo cy'ubwinshi bwacyo, koresha inyandiko z'isesengura zihuye n'icyiciro igicuruzwa cyakorewemo. Ku kibazo cyerekeye ubuvuzi, kurikiza uburyo bwo kugenzura umurwayi bwategetswe. Umuntu ugereranya ibicuruzwa bibiri ashingiye ku ibara ry'inkari aba yahinduye ibintu byinshi icyarimwe, harimo igihe cyo kureba n'uko inkari zivanzemo amazi, atapimye na kimwe muri ibyo bicuruzwa.
Impamvu ururimi n'amenyo bishobora gusigaraho ibara
Amazi akoze mu kanwa ashobora gusiga irangi ku rurimi no ku buso bw'amenyo. Rishobora kutwirakwira kimwe hose kubera ko ubuso bw'ururimi butaringaniye kandi bushobora kugumana ibisigazwa. Ubushakashatsi ku gusiga irangi ahangiritse mu kanwa busobanura by'umwihariko uko irangi ry'ikirenga ryirundanya ku buso bwo hejuru bw'ururimi no mu myanya iri hagati y'ishinya n'amenyo. Ubwo bushakashatsi bwasuzumaga uburyo bwo gupima indwara mu buvuzi. Ntibutuma imiterere y'ibara ryasigaye ku bw'amahirwe iba uburyo bwo kwisuzuma indwara zo mu kanwa mu rugo.
Isuku isanzwe yo mu kanwa ikorwa buhoro ni uburyo bukwiye bwo kwita ku ibara ryo ku buso ritababaza. Ntukube ururimi cyane cyangwa ngo ukoreshe mu kanwa imiti yo gukuraho ibizinga yo mu rugo, imiti ishongesha ibintu, cyangwa umuti ukura ibara mu bintu. Ibara rigumaho nubwo wakoze isuku isanzwe, cyangwa ihinduka rijyana n'ububabare, ibisebe cyangwa kubyimba, bisaba gusuzumwa n'umuganga w'amenyo cyangwa undi muganga. Nta gihamya ishingiye ku bushakashatsi isezeranya ko buri bara risigaye rikurwaho mu masaha runaka.
Ese ubururu bwa metilene bushobora gusiga ibara ku dupfukisho tw'imbere tw'amenyo, ku makamba y'amenyo cyangwa ku byuzuza amenyo?
Bushobora gusiga ibara ku bikoresho bikoreshwa ku menyo, ariko “udupfukisho tw'imbere tw'amenyo” ntibisobanura ikintu kimwe gikozwemo. Agapfukisho gakozwe mu ruvange rwa rezine, igice cyo gusana iryinyo gikozwe mu ibumba ryabugenewe, n'ibikoresho bifatisha biri hafi y'igice cyasanywe bifite ubuso butandukanye. Ibimenyetso bivuye kuri kimwe ntibishobora kwemeza uko ibindi byose bizitwara.
Mu bushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari ku mvange esheshatu za rezine, abashakashatsi bagereranyije ubuso bwari bwarashaje n'ubutari bwarashaje nyuma yo kubushyira mu bururu bwa metilene bwa 0.5%. Ibipimo byafashwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bupima urumuri byagaragaje ko ibara ryasigayeho, kandi ko byatandukanye bitewe n'ibikoresho n'imiterere y'ubuso. Ibyo byari ibipimo by'ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari, si abarwayi banywaga igicuruzwa kigenewe abaguzi. Ibyabonetse bishyigikira gufatana uburemere gusigara kw'ibara ku bice by'amenyo byasanywe; ntibihanura niba agapfukisho runaka kazagumana iryo bara burundu.
Niba igice cy'iryinyo cyasanywe gihinduye ibara, ha umuganga wawe w'amenyo ikirango cy'igicuruzwa, igihe cyamaze gikora kuri icyo gice, n'amakuru y'ibikoresho cyakozwemo niba azwi. Ntukoreshe mu rugo imiti yo koza imiyoboro yo mu mizi y'amenyo wavanye mu igerageza ry'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo. Gukora isuku yo mu rugo ni indi ngingo ivugwa mu gukuraho ibizinga by'ubururu bwa metilene ku buso bw'ibintu no ku myenda.
Kugereranya amafoto bifite imbogamizi y'ingenzi
Aya mafoto yatangajwe yerekana umurwayi umwe wavuzwe muri raporo, mu buryo bubiri butandukanye bwo kureba inkari ze. Yerekana impamvu ibara rigaragara rigomba gusobanurwa hashingiwe ku makuru y'uko umuntu yahuye n'ikinyabutabire no ku isuzuma ry'umuganga.
A. Umufuka ukusanya inkari n'imiyoboro. Inkari z'ubururu buvanze n'icyatsi zabonetse nyuma yo gushyira umuyoboro w'inkari mu murwayi wari waje afite ikibazo cyo kutabasha gusohora inkari.
B. Uko inkari zigaragara mu gikoresho. Inkari z'umurwayi wavuzwe muri raporo, ziri mu gikoresho kitakorewe uburyo bwo kwica mikorobe zose. Inyandiko ntivuga niba urumuri rwakoreshejwe rwaragenwe ku gipimo kimwe, niba kamera yari yarahujwe ku ibara ry'umweru, cyangwa niba inkari zarakusanyijwe mu bihe bihuye.
Amafoto: amashusho 1 na 2 yo muri Lionardi, Hengky, na Haruman, 2024, yongeye gutangazwa hakurikijwe CC BY 4.0; yahinduwe mu bwoko bwa WebP nta guhindura amabara cyangwa gukata ibice byayo. Abanditsi bavuga ko umurwayi yemeye ko atangazwa. Ubururu bwa metilene bwarakekwaga, ariko ntibwemejwe n'isesengura rya shimi, mu muti gakondo umurwayi yari yakoresheje. Aya ni amafoto yo mu buvuzi afite inkomoko igaragajwe, si igipimo cy'ibara cyagenzuwe cyangwa gihamya y'uko ikinyabutabire ari ubururu bwa metilene. Ishusho yo ku gifuniko ni igishushanyo cyo gusobanura.
Ni ayahe mahinduka akeneye isuzuma?
| Icyagaragaye | Icyo cyemeza n'icyo kitemeza | Igikwiye gukurikiraho |
|---|---|---|
| Inkari z'ubururu buvanze n'icyatsi nyuma yo gukoresha ikinyabutabire kizwi mu buvuzi, nta bimenyetso bishya | Bihuje no gusohoka kw'irangi; ntibyemeza ko impyiko zikora neza cyangwa ko ubuvuzi bwageze ku ntego | Kurikiza amabwiriza y'itsinda rikuvura kandi uvuge icyo kinyabutabire cyakoreshejwe mbere yo gupimisha inkari |
| Nta bururu bugaragara mu nkari | Ntibyemeza ko ikinyabutabire cyinjiye mu mubiri ari gike cyane | Ntukongere icyo ukoresha kugira ngo ubone ibara |
| Ibara risigaye ku rurimi cyangwa ku buso bw'amenyo ritababaza | Bihuje n'uko irangi ryakoze aho hantu; ntibipima ingano y'ikinyabutabire yinjiye mu mubiri | Kora isuku isanzwe buhoro; saba inama y'umuganga w'amenyo niba ibara rigumaho |
| Ihinduka ry'inkari rijyana n'amaraso, kubabara igihe unyara, umuriro cyangwa ububabare mu rubavu | Kuba harakoreshejwe irangi ntibikuraho ko hashobora kuba hari ikindi kibazo | Jya kwivuza vuba kugira ngo usuzumwe |
| Iminwa cyangwa ururimi bitunguranye bifite ibara ry'ubururu buvanze n'ikijuju, hamwe no guhumeka bigoranye, ububabare mu gituza cyangwa urujijo | Ntibyaba bitekanye kubifata gusa nk'ibara ryasigaye ku buso | Hamagara ubutabazi bwihutirwa |
Amabwiriza ya NHS ku maraso mu nkari agira inama yo gusuzumwa nubwo amaraso yaba ari make cyangwa byabaye rimwe gusa. Amabwiriza yayo ku ibara ry'ubururu ku ruhu cyangwa ku minwa afata iminwa, ururimi cyangwa isura bihindutse bitunguranye ubururu buvanze n'ikijuju nk'ikibazo gisaba ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ntugatinde kwivuza ugerageza koza ngo ukureho ibara.
Ubururu bwa metilene bushobora kandi gutera hemolysis, ni ukuvuga gusenyuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, cyane cyane ku bafite ibura rya G6PD. Intege nke nshya zikabije cyangwa amaso ahinduka umuhondo nyuma yo guhura n'icyo kinyabutabire bisaba isuzuma ryihutirwa, nubwo ihinduka ry'inkari ryabanje gusa n'irangi. Ibi bihuye n'ibimenyetso byatangajwe by'ugusenyuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso bifitanye isano na G6PD. Amabwiriza arambuye ku mutekano w'ubururu bwa metilene asobanura igihe butagomba gukoreshwa n'imikoranire yabwo n'ibindi bintu.
Zana igikoresho kirimo igicuruzwa cyangwa ifoto y'ikirango cyacyo, amakuru ku ngano wakoresheje n'igihe wayikoresheje, n'urutonde rw'imiti ufata. Bwira laboratwari iby'ubururu bwa metilene: bushobora kubangamira ibipimo by'inkari bikoresha ikimenyetso cy'ubururu. Ayo makuru afite akamaro kurusha kugerageza kugena urugero rw'ubururu bugaragara mu nkari zapimwe.