Ubururu bwa metilene na HIV: icyo ubushakashatsi kuri plasma bugaragaza koko

Ubururu bwa metilene si ubuvuzi bwemejwe bwa HIV, kandi ubururu bwa metilene bunyobwa cyangwa bugurishwa mu maduka ntibukwiye gusimbura imiti igabanya ubukana bwa HIV yanditswe na muganga. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubururu bwa metilene n'urumuri bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwa HIV bwo kwanduza mu cyitegererezo cya plasma busubiza ikindi kibazo: ese hari uburyo bushobora gutuma igikomoka ku maraso kiba gifite umutekano kurushaho mbere yo gukoreshwa?

Itandukaniro rishingiye ku cyakorewe ubwo buryo. Ikintu kirimo plasma kiba kiri hanze y'umubiri. Umuntu ufite HIV aba afite ubwandu buri mu ngirabuzimafatizo no mu ngingo bizima. Gukoresha ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwo mu buryo bumwe nk'ibihamya mu bundi buryo bisaba ibimenyetso byo mu bushakashatsi ku barwayi, si ugushingira gusa ku izina rimwe ry'ikinyabutabire.

Icyapimwe mu igerageza rya mbere kuri plasma

Mu igerageza rya Lambrecht na bagenzi be ryo mu 1994, abashakashatsi bashyize HIV-1 iri ku rugero rwo hejuru muri plasma y'abantu yakonjeshejwe ikiri nshya. Bashyize icyo cyitegererezo ku rumuri rugaragara kirimo ubururu bwa metilene ku rugero rwa 1 micromolar. Ubushobozi bwo kwanduza bwasuzumwe hapimwa ingano yabwo hifashishijwe ingirabuzimafatizo za MT-4, ubwoko bw'ingirabuzimafatizo zororerwa muri laboratwari.

Igabanuka ryatangajwe ryari 4.3 log10 nyuma y'iminota itanu, na nibura 6.32 log10 nyuma y'iminota icumi, ubwo ubushobozi bwo kwanduza bwari munsi y'urugero rwo hasi ikizamini cyashoboraga gutahura. Ubururu bwa metilene butamurikiwe, ndetse n'urumuri rudaherekejwe n'iryo rangi, buri kimwe cyagize ingaruka nto cyane. Uburyo bwageragejwe bwari uguhuza byombi.

Igabanuka rya log10 rigaragaza igabanuka mu nzego zikurikirana z'ibikubo icumi: igabanuka ry'inzego esheshatu za log rihwanye n'igabanuka ryikubye miliyoni. Imvugo ngo “munsi y'urugero rutahurwa” isobanura ko ikizamini kitari kigishobora gutahura icyapimwaga mu miterere yakoreshejwe muri iryo gerageza. Ntibihamya ko nta virusi n'imwe isigaye cyangwa ko umuntu yakize.

Ibi byari ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cyashyizwemo virusi ku bushake mu igerageza. Nta witabiriye ubushakashatsi wanyoye ubururu bwa metilene, kandi inyandiko ntiyatangaje ko ingano ya HIV mu maraso y'umurwayi yagabanutse mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Imbonerahamwe igereranya ibimenyetso byo muri laboratwari n'iby'abarwayi

Soma buri murongo wose mbere yo kugereranya ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Icyakoreweho ubushakashatsi, uburyo bwo gutanga icyakoreshejwe n'icyapimwe byose bigomba guhura n'ikivugwa.

Aho ibimenyetso byakomotse	Icyakoreweho ubushakashatsi cyangwa itsinda ry'abantu	Uburyo bwakoreshejwe n'uko bwatanzwe	Ibyavuyemo n'uko bisobanurwa
Igerageza kuri plasma ryo mu 1994	Plasma y'abantu yongewemo HIV-1	Irangi ryashyizwe mu cyitegererezo mu buryo butaziguye, hanyuma gishyirwa ku rumuri rugaragara	Ubushobozi bwo kwanduza ingirabuzimafatizo zororerwa muri laboratwari bwaragabanutse. Bihamya igikorwa muri iyo miterere y'icyitegererezo, si ubuvuzi bukorera mu mubiri wose.
Ubushakashatsi bwo kuyungurura no gukoresha urumuri bwo mu 2000	Plasma irimo HIV itari mu ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo zanduye zororerwa muri laboratwari	Kuyungurura hakurwamo ingirabuzimafatizo, hanyuma gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene n'urumuri hanze y'umubiri	Bwagerageje kuvanaho ubushobozi bwo kwanduza muri plasma yatunganyijwe. Intambwe yo kuyungurura ni igice cy'uburyo bwakoreshejwe.
Ibivugwa ku kuvura HIV hakoreshejwe ubururu bwa metilene bunyobwa	Umuntu ufite HIV	Igicuruzwa kinyobwa; uko kigera mu mubiri wose byakenera gusuzumwa no gusobanurwa	Amagerageza kuri plasma yavuzwe nta bisubizo atanga ku ngano ya virusi mu maraso y'umurwayi, ku kongera ubudahangarwa cyangwa ku nyungu ku buzima bw'umurwayi hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bwo kukinywa.
Igerageza ry'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo rikoresha irangi n'urumuri ahantu hihariye	Abantu bafite HIV n'indwara y'ibice bifashe amenyo	Ubururu bwa metilene bushyirwa ahantu hihariye n'ubuvuzi bwa laser, hamwe no gusukura ibice bikikije amenyo	Ibipimo by'ibice bifashe amenyo byasuzumye ubuvuzi bw'ishinya. Kwitabaza abantu bafite HIV ntibituma HIV iba intego y'ubwo buvuzi.
Ubuvuzi bwa HIV bwemejwe	Abantu basanganywe HIV	Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa HIV yanditswe na muganga kandi yatoranyijwe hakurikijwe umuntu ku giti cye	Kugumya kugabanya RNA ya HIV muri plasma, imikorere y'ubudahangarwa n'uko ubuzima bw'umurwayi bugenda ni byo bigenderwaho mu gusuzuma imikorere y'ubuvuzi.

Umurongo wa kabiri werekeza ku bushakashatsi bwa Abe na bagenzi be ku kuyungurura. Bwagambiriye gukemura imbogamizi yo gutunganya plasma hakoreshejwe urumuri, bukuramo ingirabuzimafatizo mbere yo kuyimurika. Ibyavuye mu guhuza kuyungurura n'urumuri ntibishobora kwitirirwa irangi ryanyowe ryonyine.

Umurongo w'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo werekeza ku igerageza ry'amezi atandatu ryitabiriwe n'abantu 12 bafite HIV. Ryagereranyije gusukura ibice bikikije amenyo hiyongereyeho cyangwa hatiyongereyeho ubuvuzi bukoresha irangi n'urumuri ahantu hihariye mu kanwa k'abaryitabiriye. Ibyapimwe byarimo ubujyakuzimu bw'imifuka ikikije amenyo n'urugero ibice bifashe amenyo biyafatiriyeho, aho kuba ibimenyetso by'uko ubururu bwa metilene bwagenzuraga ubwandu bwa HIV mu mubiri wose.

Impamvu ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi kuri plasma bitahamya ubuvuzi mu muntu

Icyuho cya mbere ni uburyo bwo gutanga icyakoreshejwe. Mu cyitegererezo cyo muri laboratwari, abashakashatsi bagenzura mu buryo butaziguye uko irangi, virusi n'urumuri bihura. Kunywa igicuruzwa bihindura inzira kinyuramo n'imiterere gikoreramo. Kuvuga ko kuvurwa hakoreshejwe igicuruzwa kinyobwa bishoboka byasaba ibimenyetso by'uko umuti utanzwe ugera ahantu hakenewe, ukagira igikorwa gifite akamaro cyo kurwanya virusi aho hantu, kandi ukabikora mu buryo bufite umutekano wemewe. Igerageza kuri plasma nta na kimwe muri ibyo bipimo ku barwayi ritanga.

Icyuho cya kabiri ni ubwandu ubwabwo. Ibisobanuro bya NIH ku bubiko bwa HIV bwihishe bivuga ingirabuzimafatizo zanduye zishobora gukomeza kubaho mu gihe ubuvuzi bukora neza bugabanya ikorwa rya virusi. Kuvana ubushobozi bwo kwanduza mu cyitegererezo cy'amazi yatandukanyijwe n'umubiri ntibigaragaza ko izo ngirabuzimafatizo zavanywe mu muntu. Ndetse n'iyo ingano ya virusi mu maraso idashobora gutahurwa n'ibipimo byo kwa muganga, ntibivuga ko HIV yaranduwe burundu.

Icyuho cya gatatu ni icyapimwe. Ikizamini cy'ubushobozi bwo kwanduza gisuzuma niba icyitegererezo gishobora kwanduza ingirabuzimafatizo zo muri laboratwari. Ikizamini cyo kwa muganga gipima ingano ya virusi gipima RNA ya HIV mu cyitegererezo cy'amaraso cyafashwe ku murwayi. Amabwiriza ya NIH yo gukurikirana abarwayi atandukanya icyo gipimo cya RNA n'umubare w'ingirabuzimafatizo za CD4, ufasha gusuzuma imikorere y'ubudahangarwa. Ibyo bipimo bisubiza ibibazo bitandukanye kandi kimwe ntigishobora gusimbura ikindi.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku bikomoka ku maraso na byo bifite imipaka yabyo. Iperereza ryatangajwe ku kwandura binyuze mu guterwa amaraso ryagaragaje iyandura rya HIV ryabaye binyuze muri plasma yatunganyijwe hakoreshejwe ubururu bwa metilene, yakomotse ku maraso yatanzwe mu 2005. Iyo raporo ntitesha agaciro ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwo kubuza virusi kwanduza muri laboratwari; ibuza kubifata nk'icyemezo cy'umutekano mu bihe byose. Uburyo bwo gutunganya plasma n'igenzura ryemeza ko bukora bisobanurwa mu nyandiko yihariye yerekeye kugabanya ibitera indwara muri plasma hakoreshejwe ubururu bwa metilene.

Icyo amabwiriza agezweho yo kuvura HIV ashyigikira

Inama za NIH ku gutangira imiti igabanya ubukana bwa HIV, zavuguruwe ku wa Nzeri 25, 2025, zisaba ko abantu bose bafite HIV bahabwa iyo miti (ART) kandi bakayitangira ako kanya cyangwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo gusuzumwa bagasanganwa HIV. Intego zirimo gukomeza kugabanya virusi, kugabanya uburwayi n'impfu, no gukumira iyandura. Guhitamo ubuvuzi kandi bishingira ku miterere y'ubuzima bw'umuntu.

Mu masoko yasuzumwe kuri iyi ngingo, nta bimenyetso byo mu bushakashatsi ku barwayi byabonetse byemeza ko ubururu bwa metilene bugurishwa mu maduka kandi bunyobwa ari ubuvuzi bukora neza bwa HIV. Ibi ni ibisobanuro by'ibimenyetso byabonetse, si ukuvuga ko buri bushakashatsi bushoboka mu gihe kizaza bwamaze gufatirwa umwanzuro. Inyandiko z'ubushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari zaganiriweho hano ntizishobora gushyigikira gusimbuza ART, kongeraho ubururu bwa metilene kugira ngo bugenzure HIV, cyangwa kuvuga ko HIV yakize.

Amabwiriza ya NIH ku guhagarika ubuvuzi agaragaza ko kongera kwiyongera kwa virusi, kugabanuka kw'ubudahangarwa no kwiyongera k'uburwayi ari zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubaho. Komeza ubuvuzi bwa HIV wandikiwe, kandi ikintu cyose uteganya kongeraho ukiganirize itsinda rikurikirana ubuvuzi bwawe bwa HIV kugira ngo rigisuzume.

Uko wasuzuma ibivugwa ku buvuzi

Saba ubushakashatsi nyirizina, hanyuma ugaragaze ibintu bine: ni nde cyangwa ni iki cyakoreweho ubushakashatsi, ni iki cyatanzwe, cyatanzwe mu buhe buryo, kandi ni iki cyahindutse. “Plasma y'abantu” igaragaza inkomoko y'icyitegererezo; ntibivuga byanze bikunze ko ari igerageza ry'ubuvuzi ku bantu. “Abarwayi bafite HIV” igaragaza abitabiriye ubushakashatsi; ntibivuga byanze bikunze ko HIV ari yo ndwara yavurwaga.

Koresha urutonde rwo kugenzura amabwiriza yo gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene aboneka kuri interineti kugira ngo usuzume inyandiko zitangwaho ibimenyetso. Mu kiganiro n'umuganga, jyana ikirango cy'igicuruzwa n'umuhuza w'ubushakashatsi ku munsi wa gahunda yawe, wifashishe ibi bibazo wabaza umuganga ku bururu bwa metilene. Ikibazo cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya niba ibimenyetso bishyigikira ubwo buryo bwihariye ku gisubizo cyihariye gitegerejwe ku murwayi.