Methyl blue si methylene blue: nimero za CAS, imiterere n'imikoreshereze

Amacupa abiri ari ku meza yo muri laboratwari. Rimwe ryanditseho methyl blue. Irindi ryanditseho methylene blue. Usoma ananiwe abona ijambo rimwe ryanditswe kabiri. Ariko mu butabire, izo ni molekile ebyiri zitandukanye.

Uku kwitiranya amazina kugira ingaruka mu bikorwa. Iyo utumije irangi ritari ryo, risiga amabara mu buryo butandukanye, ikimenyetso cya redox ntikigaragare, cyangwa uruvange rukabamo ikinyabutabire nta muntu wigeze yemeza ko gikwiriye. Umuti uroroshye: fata izina risanzwe nk'ikimenyetso cy'ibanze, ariko ufate icyemezo ushingiye ku biranga ikinyabutabire. Banza ugenzure nimero ya CAS, nimero ya Colour Index n'imiterere y'amazi ari mu kinyabutabire.

Igisubizo kigufi

Methylene blue ni irangi rito rya phenothiazine rifite kationi, C.I. 52015, ryubakiye ku gice gitanga ibara kigizwe n'impeta eshatu zegeranye, gifite amatsinda abiri ya dimethylamino. Methyl blue ni irangi rinini rya triarylmethane rifite anioni, C.I. 42780, ryubatswe mu bice bya triphenylmethane byongewemo amatsinda ya sulfonate. Byombi bifite amabara yo mu muryango umwe kandi bisangiye igice cy'izina. Hafi nta kindi bisangiye.

Toluidine blue O yegereye methylene blue kurushaho. Byombi ni amarangi ya thiazine afite kationi, ariko toluidine blue O ifite itsinda rimwe rya amino n'itsinda rya methyl ryometse ku mpeta aho methylene blue ifite itsinda ryayo rya kabiri rya dimethylamino. Iyo mpinduka nto yimura aho inyunyuza urumuri cyane kandi igahindura ibice isiga amabara kurusha ibindi, bityo na byo ntibisimburana.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibiranga amarangi: genzura ibi kuri buri tumiza

Amazina yo mu rutonde rw'ibicuruzwa aragenda ahinduka. Abacuruzi bakoresha amazina asimburana batabyitondeye. Ibiranga bikurikira ntibihinduka, kandi icyemezo cy'isesengura giteguye neza kirabigaragaza. PubChem yandika methylene blue nka methylthioninium chloride, C.I. Basic Blue 9, ari byo byose bikurikira bishingiraho.

Ibintu bibiri byo muri iyi mbonerahamwe bitera amakosa menshi mu kugura. Icya mbere, methylene blue ifite nimero nyinshi za CAS zihuye n'imiterere itandukanye y'amazi arimo, kandi 122965-43-9 igaragaza hydrate itasobanuwe neza aho kugaragaza trihydrate yihariye (7220-79-3), nk'uko urutonde rw'ibiranga muri monografiya ya USP rubigaragaza. Gupima uburemere ushingiye ku buremere bwa molekile butari bwo bihindura, utabizi, ibipimo byose by'ubwinshi mu ruvange bibarwa nyuma. Icya kabiri, urutonde rw'amazina asimburana rwa toluidine blue O rw'umucuruzi umwe rurimo izina Methylene Blue T50, bivuze ko gushaka mu rutonde rw'ibicuruzwa ushingiye ku izina gusa bishobora kukugeza ku irangi ritandukanye rwose.

Imiterere isobanura uko bikora

Tekereza ibice bitanga ibara by'ayo marangi byegeranye, maze urujijo rurangire. Methylene blue yubakiye ku miterere ya phenothiazinium: impeta eshatu zifatanije, zirimo sulfure na azote mu mpeta yo hagati, n'itsinda rya dimethylamino kuri buri mpera. Igice gifite ibara ni kationi ya methylthioninium iherekejwe na anioni ya chloride. Ni gito, kirambuye, gifite umuzigo w'amashanyarazi mwiza, kandi gishobora gufatana n'ibice by'uturemangingo bifite umuzigo w'amashanyarazi mubi.

Methyl blue ifite uburemere bungana hafi n'inshuro ebyiri n'igice ubw'iyo. Ibara ryayo rituruka ku gice shingiro cya triphenylmethane gifite amatsinda ya anilino phenyl yongewemo sulfonate, kandi itangwa nk'umunyu urimo sodium ebyiri. Ayo matsinda ya sulfonate ayigira irangi rya aside rifite anioni, umuzigo w'amashanyarazi utandukanye n'uwa methylene blue, n'ubushobozi butandukanye rwose bwo gufata ku ngingo. Mu gihe methylene blue yinjira mu turemangingo kandi ikagira uruhare mu ruhererekane rw'impinduka za redox, methyl blue ikoreshwa mu gusiga amabara kuri collagen no ku ngingo zihuza, ndetse nka Cotton Blue mu gutegura ibihumyo, nko mu buryo bwo gukoresha lactophenol cotton blue. Gusimbuza imwe indi ntibitanga igisubizo gisa ariko kidakomeye. Bitanga igerageza ritandukanye.

Toluidine blue O igumana imiterere shingiro ya phenothiazinium, bityo uburyo ikora bugasa n'ubwa methylene blue ariko ntibube bumwe. Inyunyuza urumuri cyane hafi ya 626 nm, mu gihe methylene blue iba hafi ya 660 kugeza kuri 665 nm. Uburyo isiga ibara ritandukanye ku bice by'ingingo bifite imiterere ya aside (uduce two mu turemangingo twa mast, mucins, ingwa, ibice bikungahaye kuri aside nukileyike) bukurikiza amahitamo yayo bwite yasobanuwe mu nyandiko zisesengura ubumenyi bw'ingingo. Laboratwari isimbuza methylene blue na TBO igomba kwitega impinduka mu byerekanwa n'urumuri n'itandukaniro mu buryo ibice bigaragara, aho kuyifata nk'insimbura ihendutse.

Icyo buri rangi rikoreshwa mu by'ukuri

Methylene blue yatangiye ari irangi ry'imyenda, nyuma ikoreshwa mu bumenyi bwa bagiteri, ubw'amaraso no mu kwitegereza hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi; urwo rugendo ruvunaguye mu nyandiko zivuga amateka yayo. Imikoreshereze yayo ya kabiri ni mu butabire: imiterere yayo yatakaje electron iba ubururu, naho leucomethylene blue yakiriye electron ikaba hafi kutagira ibara, ibyo bikayigira ikimenyetso cya redox gikoreshwa. Imikoreshereze yayo ya gatatu ni mu miti. Methylthioninium chloride ni ikinyabutabire cyo mu muti wandikwa na muganga PROVAYBLUE, wagenewe methemoglobinemia umuntu agira nyuma yo kuvuka, kandi iyo nshingano mu buvuzi ni yo ituma ibisabwa ku buziranenge biruta kure iby'amarangi yo gusiga amabara cyangwa yo gusiga imyenda. Uko methylene blue ikora nk'irangi rya redox hasobanura uburyo bwihishe inyuma y'iyo mikoreshereze.

Methyl blue ntiyigeze inyura muri urwo rugendo. Ikomeje kuba irangi ry'impapuro, imyenda, impu n'irikoreshwa mu kwitegereza hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi: irangi ryemejwe ryo gusiga collagen mu buryo bwo gutegura ingingo zihuza bwo mu bwoko bwa Mallory, insimbura ya fast green mu buryo bumwe bwa Gomori trichrome, n'irangi ry'ibihumyo mu bumenyi bwabyo. Bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya methyl blue bifite urwego rwo kugaragaza pH ruri hafi ya 9.4 kugeza kuri 14. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo kiyigira umuti ukora binyuze muri redox, kandi nta cyemezo cyo gusiga amabara gishobora kuyihindura umuti nk'uwo.

Toluidine blue O ahanini ni irangi ry'ibinyabuzima rifite ubushobozi bwo kugaragara mu ibara ritandukanye iyo rifashe ku bice bimwe, rikoreshwa mu bumenyi bw'ingingo n'ubw'ibinyabuzima bito. Rikoreshwa kandi mu buvuzi nk'irangi risiga ibice bizima, rifasha kugaragaza imbibi z'ibikomere biteye amakenga byo mu kanwa mbere yo gufata agace ko gupima. Ni igikoresho cyunganira guhitamo aho hafatwa uduce two gupima, si insimbura y'isuzuma ry'indwara mu ngingo. Umuntu wese ugereranya toluidine blue na methylene blue agamije isuzuma cyangwa gukora uruvange agomba kugereranya uko zinyunyuza urumuri, ingingo zigenewe n'inyandiko z'urwego rw'ubuziranenge, aho kugereranya amazina.

Amazina asa atera abaguzi kwibeshya

Andi mazina atatu akwiriye kuba ku rutonde rw'ibigenzurwa. New Methylene Blue N si methylene blue. Ni C.I. 52030 (CAS 1934-16-3), phenothiazine yongewemo amatsinda ya ethyl n'amatsinda ya methyl ku mpeta, ikoreshwa mu bumenyi bw'ingingo n'ubw'amaraso; uburyo bwo gusiga amabara hakoreshejwe new methylene blue buri mu nyandiko zayo bwite. Azure B irushaho kuyegera: ni ikinyabutabire gisa na methylene blue cyakuweho itsinda rimwe rya methyl kuri azote (CAS 531-55-5, C.I. 52010). Ni kimwe mu binyabutabire by'ingenzi bituruka ku itunganywa rya methylene blue mu mubiri, kandi ni umwanda wagaragajwe muri methylene blue. Ni yo mpamvu gahunda ya USP ihuza methylene blue y'icyitegererezo n'icyitegererezo cya Azure B. Isano y'ibyo byombi, n'impamvu kumenya ubwoko n'ingano by'imyanda ari ngombwa, bisobanurwa mu nyandiko Azure B nk'umwanda n'ikinyabutabire gituruka ku itunganywa mu mubiri. Crystal violet, rimwe na rimwe igurishwa ku izina rya kera rya gentian violet, ni irangi rya triarylmethane (CAS 548-62-9, C.I. 42555) ridafite na gato impeta ya thiazine.

Emeza ikinyabutabire mbere yo kwishyura

Ibisabwa mu kugura byateguwe neza bigaragaza ikinyabutabire nyacyo, nimero ya CAS, nimero ya C.I., imiterere y'amazi arimo n'urwego rw'ubuziranenge, hanyuma bikabyemeza bihereye ku cyemezo cy'isesengura aho gushingira ku kirango cyo ku icupa. Aho inyunyuza urumuri cyane ni igenzura ryihuse kandi ryigenga: methylene blue hafi ya 665 nm, toluidine blue O hafi ya 626 nm, methyl blue hafi ya 595 kugeza kuri 605 nm mu miterere ya aside yagenwe. Iyo ahantu inyunyuza urumuri cyane atari ho hakwiriye kuba, bivuze ko irangi atari ryo, uko icupa ryaba ryanditse kose.

Inyandiko z'urwego rw'ubuziranenge zisubiza ikibazo gitandukanye n'icyo kumenya ikinyabutabire. Icyemezo cya Biological Stain Commission gishingira ku gupima icyiciro runaka cy'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano y'irangi kirimo n'uburyo gisiga amabara. Ibyo ni ngombwa iyo intego ari ukubona ibisubizo bimwe buri gihe. Kubahiriza USP bireba kumenya ikinyabutabire cy'umuti, ubuziranenge, imyanda y'ibinyabutabire birimo karubone, ibisigazwa by'ibishongesha, imyanda y'ibinyabutabire shingiro no kugenzura mikorobe; ibyo ni ngombwa iyo ikinyabutabire kizafatwa n'umuntu. Izo gahunda zombi zihurira ku ntego zimwe ariko zigatandukana mu byo zipima, bityo icyemezo kimwe ntigishobora gusimbura ikindi.

Aha ni ho kugura ibifite ireme bifata ishusho ifatika. Ubuziranenge bwo hejuru ni ngombwa kuko methylene blue itubahiriza USP akenshi iba ari iyo ku rwego rwo gusiga imyenda, irimo imyanda nka Azure B, ibyuma biremereye cyangwa ibisigazwa by'ibishongesha bitagenzurwa n'uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo gusiga amabara. Abacuruzi benshi bavuga ko bubahiriza USP bapima ibyuma biremereye gusa maze bakavuga ko bujuje ibisabwa byose. Kubahiriza ibisabwa byose bikubiyemo kumenya ikinyabutabire, gupima ingano yacyo, imyanda y'ibinyabutabire birimo karubone, ibisigazwa by'ibishongesha, imyanda y'ibinyabutabire shingiro, ibisigazwa nyuma yo gutwika, imipaka yemewe ya mikorobe n'uburozi bwa endotoxins bwa bagiteri. Inyandiko uko wahitamo methylene blue yo ku rwego rw'imiti igufasha gusoma izo nyandiko. Blupreme ikorana n'uruganda rukora methylene blue yo mu rwego rw'imiti, igapima ibisabwa byose bya USP kandi igatangaza icyemezo cy'isesengura (COA) cyuzuye. Ibyo ni byo bisobanura mu bikorwa ubwitonzi bwo kugenzura ikinyabutabire iyi ngingo ishishikariza.