Methylene blue, tyramine, ndi zakudya zofufumitsidwa

Methylene blue imalepheretsa ntchito ya monoamine oxidase, choncho mafunso okhudza tchizi wokhwimitsa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiwo zamasamba zofufumitsidwa, ndi zakudya zina zokhala ndi tyramine ali ndi maziko pa mmene mankhwala amagwirira ntchito m’thupi. Komabe, zimenezi sizitsimikizira mndandanda wa zakudya zoti aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito methylene blue azipewa, kapena nthawi yodikirira imene ingakhale yotetezeka. Malangizo a zakudya okhudza mankhwala ena oletsa MAO sangatengedwe n’kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa methylene blue popanda kuwunikanso.

Mafunso awiri amafunikira mayankho osiyana: kodi kuchepa kwa kusweka kwa tyramine m’thupi kungakulitse kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha chakudya, ndipo kodi kuchepa kwa kusweka kwa serotonin kungayambitse poizoni ngati kwaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin? Kupewa zakudya zofufumitsidwa sikuthetsa funso lachiwirili.

Chifukwa chimene tyramine imalowa m’nkhaniyi

Tyramine ndi amine yopangidwa ndi zamoyo, imene tizilombo tina tating’onoting’ono timapanga kuchokera ku amino acid yotchedwa tyrosine. Ntchito ya ETH Zurich yokhudza tyramine m’zakudya zofufumitsidwa imafotokoza mmene zimenezi zimachitikira mu tchizi ndi nyama yofufumitsidwa. Choncho kufufumitsa n’kofunika pa nkhaniyi, koma mawu akuti “chofufumitsidwa” sanena kuchuluka kwa tyramine m’gawo limodzi la chakudya.

Mitundu ya tizilombo tating’onoting’ono, zosakaniza, kukhwima, kasungidwe, ndi kukula kwa gawo la chakudya zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa tyramine komwe munthu amalandira. Mu kafukufuku woyesera wa tchizi wa Olomouc wopangidwa ndi mkaka wouma, ofufuza anayeza ma amine opangidwa ndi zamoyo pogwiritsa ntchito chromatography, kwinaku akusintha kutentha ndi nthawi yosungira. Kuchuluka kwa tyramine kunasiyana kwambiri pa mikhalidwe yomwe inayesedwa. Miyezo imeneyo imafotokoza kuyesa kwa tchizi ameneyo, osati kuchuluka kodalirika kwa tyramine mu tchizi, kabichi wofufumitsidwa, kapena yogati iliyonse yomwe ili m’khitchini.

Nthawi zambiri, monoamine oxidase yomwe ili m’njira yogaya chakudya imathandiza kuswa ma amine omwe alowa ndi chakudya, kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu kusanafike m’magazi. Ngati chitetezo chimenechi chachepetsedwa mokwanira, tyramine yomwe yalowa m’thupi ingalimbikitse kutulutsidwa kwa noradrenaline kuchokera ku minyewa ya dongosolo la sympathetic ndi kukweza kuthamanga kwa magazi. Malangizo olembera mankhwala a EMSAM amafotokoza mmene tyramine imagwirira ntchito imeneyi. Amaonetsanso kusiyana kofunika: mmene zinthu zimagwirira ntchito m’thupi kumafotokoza chifukwa chimene kugwirizana kumeneku kungathe kuchitika; kafukufuku wa mankhwala enieni ndi umene umatsimikizira mmene zimenezi ziyenera kukhudzira malangizo a mankhwalawo.

“MAOI” sikutanthauza lamulo limodzi la zakudya

Monoamine oxidase ili m’mitundu iwiri, MAO-A ndi MAO-B. Mankhwala amasiyana pa mtundu umene amalepheretsa, mphamvu yake yolepheretsa pa kuchuluka kwina komwe kwafika m’thupi, komanso ngati kulepheretsako kungabwezedwe. Amasiyananso pa mmene amafikira m’matumbo, m’chiwindi, ndi m’minofu ina ya thupi.

Mankhwala akale oletsa MAO mosasankha mtundu komanso m’njira yosabwezedwa, monga tranylcypromine, amasiyana ndi mankhwala oletsa MAO-A m’njira yobwezedwa, monga moclobemide. Kulepheretsa kobwezedwa kungachepetse kulimbikitsidwa kwa zotsatira za tyramine, koma “kobwezedwa” sikutanthauza kuti palibe kugwirizana ndi zinthu zina. Malangizo a mankhwala a moclobemide nthawi zambiri safuna zakudya zapadera, koma amalangizabe kupewa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi tyramine wambiri mochuluka.

Kafukufuku wa anthu 16 athanzi odzipereka, woyerekezera ndi placebo, momwe otenga nawo mbali ndi ofufuza sanadziwe amene anapatsidwa mankhwala enieni anayerekezera mwachindunji moclobemide ndi tranylcypromine pa nthawi imene mankhwalawo anaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza. Ofufuza anapereka tyramine wochuluka pang’onopang’ono pamodzi ndi chakudya, ndipo anayeza kuchuluka kofunikira kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi pamene mtima ukugunda kukwere ndi osachepera 30 mmHg. Tranylcypromine inakulitsa kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri kuposa moclobemide. Uku kunali kuyesa kochitika m’mikhalidwe yoyang’aniridwa, osati kuyesa chakudya kunyumba kapena kafukufuku wa methylene blue.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuchuluka komwe kumafika m’thupi n’zofunikanso ngakhale pa mankhwala amodzi. Malangizo a selegiline omatira pakhungu amasiyanitsa mphamvu zake zomwe zinayesedwa: umboni wake umathandiza kuti pasafunike kusintha zakudya pa 6 mg pa maola 24, pamene omatira omwe amapereka 9 ndi 12 mg pa maola 24 ali ndi malire a zakudya. Ziwerengero zimenezo ndi za mankhwala omatira amenewo. Si malire amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa methylene blue womwedwa pakamwa.

Zimene kafukufuku wa methylene blue amatsimikizira

Mu kafukufuku wa ma enzyme wa Ramsay ndi anzake wa 2007, ofufuza anayesa MAO ya munthu yoyeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyezera liwiro la zochitika za mankhwala ndi njira zowunika kuwala. Methylene blue inalepheretsa MAO-A mwamphamvu komanso m’njira yobwezedwa; kulepheretsa MAO-B kunafuna kuchuluka kwakukulu kwambiri. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kugwirizana pa mlingo wa mamolekyulu. Siziyesa mmene kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhudzidwira ndi chakudya chofufumitsidwa mwa anthu amene amamwa mankhwala pakamwa.

Palinso umboni wakale wa kuyesa wokhudza tyramine mwiniyo. Mu kuyesa minofu ya mtsempha wamagazi wa galu wopita ku matumbo, methylene blue inachepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa gulu la amine pa tyramine m’minofu yophwanyidwa ndi kusakanizidwa, ndipo inasintha mmene noradrenaline imayendetsedwera. Minofu yotereyi imakhala yophwanyidwa ndipo imaphunziridwa kunja kwa nyamayo. Kuchuluka koyezedwa mmenemo sikungasinthidwe kukhala kuchuluka kotetezeka komwedwa pakamwa kapena gawo la chakudya.

Pa magwero amene ndawunika pano, sindinapeze zotsatira za kuyesa chakudya mwa anthu zomwe zimatsimikizira zakudya zoyenera kwa onse kapena nthawi yopewera zakudya pa zinthu wamba za methylene blue. Uku ndi kuperewera kwa umboni womwe wapezeka, osati kutsimikizira kuti kuphatikiza chakudya chilichonse n’kotetezeka kapena kuti palibe kafukufuku woyenera. Kapangidwe kena kofanana ka mankhwala, njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito, kapena kuyesa enzyme, chilichonse chingafunike kuwunikidwa padera kuti tidziwe ngati umboni wake ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nkhaniyi.

Tebulo la umboni: chakudya, mankhwala, ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Werengani mzere uliwonse kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Umboni wa zotsatira zina sumayankha wokha funso lomwe lili pafupi nawo.

Zinthu zomwe zaphatikizidwa kapena funso	Umboni womwe ulipo	Zimene umathandizira	Zimene sizinatsimikizidwebe
Tyramine pamodzi ndi mankhwala akale a MAOI ochiza kuvutika maganizo	Malangizo a mankhwala enieni ndi kuyesa tyramine mwa anthu m’mikhalidwe yoyang’aniridwa	Kugwirizana komwe kumakweza kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha chakudya kungakhale kofunika pachipatala	Malangizo amenewo satsimikizira zakudya zoyenera pa methylene blue
Methylene blue pamodzi ndi tyramine m’mayeso a labotale	Kuyesa ma enzyme oyeretsedwa ndi minofu ya nyama kofotokozedwa pamwambapa	Nkhawa yokhala ndi maziko yoti kusweka kwa ma amine kungachepe	Mmene anthu amakhudzidwira ndi chakudya, malire a zakudya, ndi kutalika kwa nthawi malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito
Methylene blue wobayidwa mumtsempha pamodzi ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin	Malipoti a zachipatala ndi chenjezo la m’bokosi la PROVAYBLUE	Kugwirizana koopsa kwa poizoni wa serotonin komwe kungayambitse imfa	Malipoti amenewa sayeza kuopsa kwa zakudya zokhala ndi tyramine
Mankhwala omwedwa pakamwa okhala ndi methylene blue pamodzi ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin	Lipoti lofalitsidwa la munthu mmodzi	Sitiyenera kuganiza kuti kumwa pakamwa kumachotsa chiopsezo cha poizoni wa serotonin	Kuchuluka kwa zochitika ndi ubale pakati pa kuchuluka komwe kumafika m’thupi ndi zotsatira zake pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwedwa pakamwa
Kupaka pakhungu, kufika ku minofu ya malo enaake, kapena zinthu zofotokozedwa kuti ndi za “mlingo wochepa”	Palibe lamulo lotetezera chakudya kwa onse lomwe latsimikizidwa ndi magwero owunikidwa pano	Njira yogwiritsira ntchito, kapangidwe, kulowa m’thupi, kuchuluka, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza zimafunika kuwunikidwa padera	Nthawi yopewera zakudya yotsimikiziridwa kapena malire amene palibe kugwirizana ndi zinthu zina

Malangizo amakono a PROVAYBLUE akukhudza jakisoni wobayidwa mumtsempha. Chenjezo lake la m’bokosi likukhudza serotonin syndrome pamene waperekedwa ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin ndi ma opioid. Silipereka ndandanda ya zakudya yokhudza tyramine. Kusatchula zimenezo kapena malangizo ake a nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala siziyenera kutengedwa ngati chitsimikizo cha chitetezo cha chakudya.

Kumwa pakamwa nakonso n’kofunika pachipatala: Zuschlag ndi anzake analemba lipoti la poizoni wa serotonin atayamba kupereka mankhwala omwedwa pakamwa ochepetsa ululu wa m’njira ya mkodzo okhala ndi methylene blue kwa munthu amene anali kumwa mankhwala angapo okhudza serotonin. Chochitika chimodzi sichingatiuze kuchuluka kwa anthu amene amakhudzidwa kapena kusiyanitsa chilichonse chimene chinathandizira kuyambitsa vutolo. Koma chimatsutsa lingaliro lakuti kumwa pakamwa kumapangitsa kugwirizana kumeneku kukhala kosafunika.

Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi poizoni wa serotonin ndi nkhani zosiyana

Kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha tyramine kumakhudza kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa dongosolo la adrenergic komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kungakhale koopsa kwambiri. Poizoni wa serotonin umakhudza kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa dongosolo la serotonin, ndipo ungaphatikizepo kusakhazikika, kutentha thupi, kutuluka thukuta, kuuma kapena kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa minofu, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kosakhazikika. Zizindikiro zake zingafanane. Kupweteka mutu pambuyo pa chakudya sikungadziwitse kokha chimene chayambitsa vutolo.

Funani chithandizo chadzidzidzi ngati mwadzidzidzi muli ndi mutu wopweteka kwambiri, kupweteka pachifuwa, kufooka kwatsopano kapena kuvutika kulankhula, kugwa, kapena kutentha thupi pamodzi ndi kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuuma kwambiri kapena kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa minofu, pambuyo pa kugwirizana kokayikiridwa kwa zinthu. Musadikire kuti mudziwe chakudyacho kapena kuyesa kubwereza zomwe zinachitika. Bweretsani chidebe cha mankhwalawo ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala amene mumagwiritsa ntchito ngati zikupezeka mosavuta.

Mukakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito, funso lothandiza liyenera kukhala lachindunji: “Pa kapangidwe kameneka, njira yogwiritsira ntchito imeneyi, kuchuluka kumeneku, ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ya chithandizochi, ndi malangizo ati a zakudya amene akugwira ntchito, ndipo ndi umboni uti umene umathandizira kutalika kwa nthawi yake?” Musasiye mankhwala amene munalembedwa kuti mutsatire ndondomeko yopezeka pa intaneti, kapena kuganiza kuti pali chitetezo chifukwa cha mawu akuti “mlingo wochepa.”

Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda wa zokambirana ndi katswiri wa zachipatala kuti mulembe chinthucho ndi zinthu zomwe mwalandira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Maupangiri osiyana okhudza kugwirizana kwa methylene blue ndi mankhwala ena ndi zotsatira pa kuthamanga kwa magazi amafotokoza mafunso a zachipatala amenewo mwatsatanetsatane. Mafunso okhudza mowa, caffeine, ndi zowonjezera amakhudza njira zina zogwirira ntchito m’thupi, pamene kafukufuku wa zinthu zotumiza mauthenga pakati pa minyewa amafotokoza chifukwa chimene zotsatira za kuyesa enzyme sizingalosere kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimenezo mwa munthu.