Methylene Blue pa Nsomba za Betta: Mafunso a Chithandizo

Munthu wosunga betta akaona zipsepse zong'ambika, amatenga botolo la mankhwala abuluu n'kuyamba ndi funso lolakwika. Nthawi zambiri funsolo limakhala lakuti “ndigwiritse ntchito zochuluka bwanji,” pamene liyenera kukhala lakuti “ndikuchiza chiyani, m'madzi ati, ndipo ndikuyeza bwanji.” Posamalira betta, zolakwa zonse zofala pa chithandizo cha nsomba za m'aquarium zimasonkhana m'tanki imodzi yaing'ono: madzi ochepa kwambiri amene amakulitsa zotsatira za kulakwitsa kuyeza, nsomba imene imapuma mpweya wa pamwamba pa madzi, ndi chizindikiro cha zipsepse zong'ambika chimene sichitchula matenda amodzi enieni.

Mafunso ndi mayankho awa akukhudza zinthu zapadera za betta. Akuganiza kuti mwawerenga kale njira yotsatizana yosankhira chithandizo cha nsomba za m'aquarium, ndipo akusiya mitu iwiri ku masamba ake: umboni wokhudza kuwola kwa zipsepse ndi matenda a mafangasi, ndiponso njira zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwa kuviika nsomba poyerekeza ndi kuchizira m'tanki.

Kodi methylene blue amachiza kuwola kwa zipsepse za betta?

Sitinganene kuti amatero pa zonse. Werengani lebulo kaye. Zambiri za methylene blue wa Kordon zimafotokoza mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi a 2.303% oyenera kuwongolera mafangasi pa mazira a nsomba ndi matenda a mafangasi a pamwamba pa thupi, komanso ntchito zina zolimbana ndi tizilombo tina ta protozoa ta kunja kwa thupi ndi kuthandiza pamene poizoni wa nitrite kapena cyanide watsimikizika. Lebulo lomwelo siliphatikiza matenda a mabakiteriya, nyongolotsi za flukes, Oodinium, ndi matenda a mafangasi oopsa kwambiri pa zinthu zimene mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchiza.

Kusaphatikiza kumeneko ndi kofunika kwambiri pa matenda ambiri a kuwola kwa zipsepse. Kuwola kwa zipsepse za betta nthawi zambiri kumayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya monga Aeromonas kapena Pseudomonas, kapena matenda a columnaris, ndipo mafangasi amadzabwera pambuyo pake pa minofu yowonongeka kale. Choncho m'mphepete mwa chipsepse mooneka ngati thonje mungakhale matenda a mafangasi amene abwera pamwamba pa vuto la mabakiteriya limene utotowu sunalembedwe kuti uchize. Kuchiza zinthu zoyera zooneka zikukula pamene matenda a mabakiteriya omwe ayambitsa vutolo akupitirirabe ndi njira yofala imene chithandizo chimalepherera: madzi amasanduka abuluu, wosunga nsombayo amaona kuti wachitapo kanthu, koma zipsepse zimapitirizabe kuchepa.

Choncho yankho loona limadalira zomwe zapezeka. Ngati dokotala wa zinyama za m'madzi azindikira kuti betta yanu ili ndi matenda a mafangasi a pamwamba pa thupi, methylene blue ali m'gulu la ntchito zolembedwa pa lebulo lake. Ngati matenda omwe azindikiridwa ndi kuwola kwa zipsepse koyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, sali m'gululo, ndipo muyenera dongosolo lina. Umboni wofotokoza malire amenewa, kuphatikizapo zimene methylene blue wasonyezedwa kuchita ndi zimene sanasonyezedwe kuchita polimbana ndi ich, kuwola kwa zipsepse, ndi matenda a mafangasi, ukufotokozedwa mu malangizo a umboni wokhudza kuwola kwa zipsepse ndi matenda a mafangasi. Musatenge mfundo ya patsambalo ngati mlingo wa mankhwala; m'malo mwake, muzigwiritsa ntchito mutadziwa matenda ake.

Kodi ndingachizire betta yanga m'tanki yake yomwe?

Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe china cha chithandizo chopanda zokongoletsera. Zinthu zitatu za m'tanki imene nsombayo imakhala nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuti kuikamo mankhwala mwachindunji kusakhale koyenera, ndipo zonse zitatuzi zimachokera pa lebulo la mankhwalawo, osati pa zimene anthu amangonena.

Choyamba, wopanga mankhwalawa amachenjeza kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makina odalira kusefa mothandizidwa ndi zamoyo. Mabakiteriya a nitrification amasintha ammonia yomwe betta yanu imapitirizabe kutulutsa panthawi ya chithandizo, ndipo chithandizo chowasokoneza chimasintha vuto limodzi kukhala lina. Chachiwiri, lebulo limachenjeza kuti mankhwalawa angasokoneze kukula kwa zomera ndipo limanena kuti amachotsedwa ndi kaboni woyatsidwa ndipo amayamwidwa ndi zinthu zokhala ndi timabowo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amene nsomba imakumana nawo m'tanki yokongoletsedwa komanso yosefedwa kusakhale kodziwikiratu. Chachitatu, silikoni wa m'aquarium angadetsedwe kwamuyaya; zimenezi ndi za maonekedwe chabe, koma sizingasinthidwe ndipo ndi bwino kuzidziwa musanathire mankhwalawo.

Njira ina ndi chidebe chopanda zokongoletsera chochizira nsomba, chokhala ndi madzi amene kuchuluka kwake kwadziwika, chotenthetsera, cholowetsera mpweya mofatsa, ndipo chopanda chilichonse chokhala ndi timabowo toyamwa mankhwala. Kukonza kotereku kumatetezanso tanki yoonetsera nsomba kuti isakhudzidwe ndi mankhwala. Koma kulekanitsa nsomba kokha sikupangitsa madzi kukhala otetezeka. Chidebe cha chithandizo sichikhala ndi fyuluta ya zamoyo yokhazikika, choncho ammonia angakwere msanga m'madzi ochepa. Malangizo a UF/IFAS okhudza mankhwala m'makina obwezeretsa madzi mozungulira amalimbikitsa kulekanitsa nsomba zomwe zakhudzidwa kuti zichizidwe, ndipo amafotokoza kuti zotsatira za mankhwala zimadalira kuchuluka ndi nthawi ya kukumana nawo komanso mmene makinawo alili. Yang'anirani madzi a chithandizo, wongolerani kutentha, ndipo sungani zida za chithandizo padera. Zambiri za kugwirizana ndi ma fyuluta, zomera, shrimp, ndi makina a madzi a m'nyanja zasonkhanitsidwa mu malangizo a kugwirizana ndi tanki ndi zamoyo zosungidwamo.

Betta yanga imakhala m'tanki yaing'ono. Kodi ndingapewe bwanji kuika mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri?

Madzi ochepa amasintha zolakwa zazing'ono za kuyeza kukhala zolakwa zazikulu za kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'madzi. Dontho lowerengedwa molakwika m'chidebe cha chithandizo cha 2 liter limasintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'madzi mowirikiza kangapo kuposa dontho lomwelo lowerengedwa molakwika m'tanki ya 40 liter. Betta nthawi zambiri amasungidwa, motero amachizidwanso, m'madzi ochepa oterewa.

Njira yopewera izi ndi kutsatira ndondomeko. Lembani zinthu zinayi musanakonze madzi a chithandizo: dzina lenileni la mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwira ntchito monga kwalembedwera pa botolo, kuchuluka kwa madzi a chithandizo komwe mwayeza pogwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi a pa lebulo, ndi njira imene mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Peresenti ya pa botolo imafotokoza chisakanizo choyambirira cha m'botolo, osati cha chithandizo; malangizo amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa chisakanizo chimenechi chimene chiyenera kulowa m'madzi ochuluka monga atchulidwa. Kuviika kwakanthawi kochepa ndi kukhala m'madzi a mankhwala nthawi yaitali ndi magulu awiri osiyana a kuchuluka kwa mankhwala pamodzi ndi nthawi. Choncho musaphatikize kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kochokera mu ndondomeko imodzi ndi nthawi yochokera mu ina. Malangizo a kuviika poyerekeza ndi kuchizira m'tanki amafotokoza chifukwa chake magulu amenewa sangasinthidwe ndipo amafotokoza ndondomeko za pa lebulo.

Yesani kuchuluka kwa madzi m'malo modalira kukula kwa tanki komwe kwatchulidwa. Zinthu za pansi pa tanki, zokongoletsera, ndi kudzaza madzi osafika pamwamba zonse zimachepetsa madzi poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka komwe kwalengezedwa. M'chidebe chaching'ono, theka lililonse la liter losowa ndi gawo lalikulu la madzi onse. Gwiritsani ntchito miyezo ya metiriki ndi syringe kapena pipette yokhala ndi zizindikiro zoyezera pa mankhwala a m'botolo, osati madontho ofinyidwa kuchokera m'botolomo, ndipo konzani madzi onse a chithandizo nsomba isanalowemo.

Kodi chiwalo cha labyrinth chimasintha chilichonse pa chithandizo?

Inde, pa chinthu chimodzi chofunika pochita chithandizo. Betta ndi nsomba zokhala ndi chiwalo cha labyrinth: zimakwera kuti zipume mpweya wa mumlengalenga kudzera m'chiwalo chapadera, komanso zimatenga mpweya wa oxygen m'madzi kudzera m'makutu awo. Choncho malangizo osamalira nsomba amalimbikitsa kuti nsomba zizitha kufika pamwamba pa madzi popanda chopinga. Chidebe cha chithandizo chiyenera kulola nsomba kufika pamwamba pa madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo pamwambapo pakhale mpweya wofunda ndi wachinyezi m'malo mwa chivindikiro chozizira chotseka kwambiri.

Izi ndi zofunika m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba, ndondomeko iliyonse yolimbikitsa kutseka madzi a chithandizo ndi chivindikiro choyandikira kwambiri pamwamba pa madzi, kapena kudzaza chidebe mpaka pakamwa, imatsutsana ndi mmene nsombayo imapumira. Siyani mpata wa mpweya ndi chivindikiro cholola mpweya kudutsa. Sungani madzi a chithandizo pa kutentha kofunda ndi kosasintha komwe nsombayo yazolowera; malangizo a zachipatala cha zinyama amalimbikitsa 76 to 81F m'matanki a betta, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutenthaku kumasungidwa ndi chotenthetsera. Chachiwiri, kupuma pamwamba pa madzi sikuteteza ku madzi oipa. Ammonia ndi nitrite amawononga makutu a nsomba ndi kuipatsa nkhawa ngakhale ikhoza kufika ku mpweya. N'chifukwa chake chidebe cha chithandizo chimafunikabe kuyang'aniridwa ngakhale nsomba yomwe ili mmenemo imatha kumeza mpweya. Ngati mukuona kupuma movutikira kosalekeza, kulefuka, kapena kudzipukuta pa zinthu, tengani zimenezo ngati zizindikiro za vuto la madzi kapena matenda lomwe silinathetsedwe, osati ngati kufunika koonjezera utoto.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ndisanagwiritse ntchito methylene blue?

Yang'anani malo amene nsombayo ili musanatchule matenda. Malangizo a UF/IFAS osamalira thanzi la nsomba amalimbikitsa kuyang'ana ubwino wa madzi choyamba nsomba zikaoneka kuti zikudwala, ndipo oxygen wosungunuka m'madzi, ammonia, nitrite, ndi pH ndi zinthu zochepa zofunika kuyeza pofufuza matenda omwe abuka. Tanki ya betta yooneka kuti madzi ake ndi oyera ingakhalebe ndi ammonia woopsa, amene alibe mtundu kapena fungo pa kuchuluka komwe kumavulaza nsomba. Kumvetsa tanthauzo la muyeso wa ammonia onse kumafuna kudziwa kutentha ndi pH, monga UF/IFAS imafotokozera za ammonia m'makina owetera zamoyo za m'madzi.

Tsatirani njira yotsatizana yosankha yofanana ndi ya nsomba ina iliyonse ya m'aquarium: tsimikizirani ubwino wa madzi ndi mmene zida zikugwirira ntchito, yerekezerani vuto lomwe lazindikiridwa ndi ntchito zenizeni zolembedwa za mankhwalawo, tsimikizirani mankhwala enieni ndi malangizo owerengeka, onetsetsani kuti chidebe cha chithandizo chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za pa lebulo zokhudza kugwirizana, yesani kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa madzi, ndipo fotokozani dongosolo loyang'anira ndi kumaliza chithandizo komanso njira yopezera thandizo lina ngati pakufunika. Zilonda, kupuma movutikira kosalekeza, kapena nsomba kupitiriza kufa zimafuna kuunikidwa msanga ndi dokotala wa zinyama za m'madzi kapena katswiri wa thanzi la nsomba m'malo mongoikanso utoto.

Kodi betta iliyonse yatsopano iyenera kuviikidwa m'mankhwala popewa matenda?

Palibe chifukwa chochitira zimenezi ngati chizolowezi. Madzi abuluu onyamulira nsomba si umboni wakuti nsomba iliyonse yobwera kumene imapindula ndi kuviikidwa m'mankhwala. Mu mayesero ofotokozedwa ndi University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, methylene blue wogwiritsidwa ntchito poiviika nsomba popewa matenda sanasinthe kukhala bwino maonekedwe kapena khalidwe la nsomba zomwe zinayesedwa. Mayesero ena osiyana a kunyamula nsomba za velvet swordtail anapeza maonekedwe abwino kwambiri nthawi yomweyo mwa nsomba zopatsidwa chithandizo, koma patapita sabata maonekedwewo anafanana. Kuchuluka ndi nthawi ya kukumana ndi mankhwala zinali zosiyana, zomwe zinaonedwa zinali zosiyana, ndipo palibe malangizo amodzi a kunyamula nsomba onse.

Kwa betta yatsopano, kuyisunga payokha kwakanthawi ndi kuiyang'anira ndi kwabwino kuposa kuipatsa mankhwala popewa matenda. Malangizo a UF/IFAS a kusunga nsomba za m'aquarium mosamala amaika kusunga nsomba zatsopano payokha kwakanthawi, kusefa koyenera, zakudya, ndi ubwino wa madzi m'gulu la njira zopewera matenda nthawi zonse. Yang'anirani nsombayo, yesani madzi, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala pokhapokha pakakhala chosowa chodziwika bwino mkati mwa dongosolo limenelo.

Mwachidule

Tchulani vuto lomwe lazindikiridwa, tsimikizirani kuti lili m'gulu la ntchito zolembedwa pa lebulo la mankhwalawo, ndipo chizirani m'chidebe chopanda zokongoletsera chokhala ndi madzi oyezedwa, njira yofikira pamwamba pa madzi, ndi dongosolo loyang'anira. Kuwola kwa zipsepse popanda kuzindikira matenda ake si chifukwa chokwanira chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Tanki yaing'ono yopanda muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa madzi si mlingo wa mankhwala. Ndipo tanki yabuluu yopanda dongosolo loyang'anira si chithandizo.