Nkhani
Methylene blue ndi kusala kudya: zimene kafukufuku wa autophagy akusonyeza
Methylene blue yafufuzidwa m’maselo amene anakumana ndi kupanikizika kokhudzana ndi michere. Zimenezi sizitsimikizira kuti kuimwa panthawi yosala kudya mwa apo ndi apo kumathandiza thanzi. M’magwero amene tinaunika pokonzekera nkhaniyi, sitinapeze kuyesa koyendetsedwa mwa anthu komwe kunasonyeza phindu la autophagy kapena phindu lachipatala chifukwa chophatikiza methylene blue ndi kusala kudya.
Pali mafunso atatu osiyana: zimene kuyesa kwa mu labotale kunayeza, ngati mankhwala enaake akugwirizana ndi tanthauzo linalake la kusala kudya, ndiponso ngati kuwamwa popanda chakudya kumasintha mmene amalowera m’thupi kapena mmene thupi limawapiririra. Yankho labwino pa funso limodzi silingayankhe enawo.
Tanthauzo la kuchotsa seramu m’kuyesa kotchulidwaku
Mu kafukufuku wa maselo a mitsempha wochitidwa ndi Xie ndi anzake mu 2013, ofufuza anagwiritsa ntchito maselo a HT22, mtundu wa maselo ochokera ku hippocampus ya mbewa. Anachotsa madzi okulitsira maselo okhala ndi seramu n’kuika DMEM yopanda seramu. Maselowo anakhalabe m’madzi a mu labotale okulitsira maselo; sanasamutsidwe ku madzi wamba.
Methylene blue inachepetsa apoptosis yokhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa seramu, imene ndi mtundu wa kufa kwa maselo wokonzedwa ndi selo lokha. Ofufuzawo anayezanso kuonekera kwa LC3B pogwiritsa ntchito utoto ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, anafufuza puloteni ya p62 yokhudzana ndi autophagy, ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsa zochitika zina kuti ayese mmene ankaganizira kuti zimagwirira ntchito. Zotsatira zawo zinasonyeza kuti kutumiza zizindikiro kudzera mu AMPK kunali ndi gawo, popanda kuletsa mTOR kumene nthawi zina kumangoganiziridwa m’nkhani za pa intaneti. Kuyesa kwina kosiyana kwa mbewa kunaunika minofu ya muubongo pambuyo popereka methylene blue.
Kuchotsa seramu kumasintha chisakanizo chimene chimathandiza maselo okulitsidwa, kuphatikizapo zinthu zothandiza kukula. Sikutsanzira kuyankhira kogwirizana kwa mahomoni, kagayidwe ka chakudya, ndi minofu kwa munthu amene sanadyeko chakudya china. Komanso, kukhala ndi moyo bwino kwa mtundu uwu wa maselo sikutsimikizira zotsatira zabwino pa mtundu uliwonse wa maselo kapena pa matenda aliwonse.
Kuyerekeza zonena ndi kafukufuku
Kuyerekeza kumeneku kumasiyanitsa zimene zinachitidwa ndi zotsatira zimene zinayesedwa. Dzina la kafukufuku silithandiza kwambiri ngati kudziwa zimene zinasinthidwa ndi zimene zinawerengedwa.
| Zonenazo zimene zikuwunikidwa | Mtundu weniweni wa kuyesa kapena kuyerekeza kofunika | Zotsatira zimene zinayesedwa | Zimene umboni ungathandize kutsimikizira |
|---|---|---|---|
| “Methylene blue imathandiza maselo osowa michere.” | Xie 2013: maselo a HT22 a mbewa amene anachotseredwa seramu, ena ali ndi methylene blue ndipo ena opanda iyo | Apoptosis, kuthekera kokhala ndi moyo ndi miyeso yokhudzana ndi autophagy | Kutetezedwa m’mikhalidwe imeneyo yokulitsira maselo; palibe zotsatira za kusala kudya kwa anthu |
| “Imayambitsa njira yokhudzana ndi mphamvu, choncho imatsanzira kusala kudya.” | Atamna 2015: maselo a fibroblast a anthu a IMR90 okulitsidwa kunja kwa thupi n’kupatsidwa methylene blue | Chiŵerengero cha NAD/NADH, kuwonjezeredwa kwa magulu a phosphate pa AMPK, ntchito ya michere ya mitochondria ndi zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kukalamba kwa maselo | Kuyankhira kwa maselo ku chinthucho; palibe kusintha kwa kadyedwe komwe kunayesedwa |
| “Kafukufuku wa kusala kudya amatsimikizira kuti kuphatikizaku kumagwira ntchito.” | Kuyesa kwa DIRECT: odwala osankhidwa a khansa ya m’mawere amene ankalandira chemotherapy, poyerekeza kadyedwe kotsanzira kusala kudya ndi kadyedwe kawo ka masiku onse | Kuopsa kwa chithandizo ndi miyeso ya kuyankhira kwa chotupa | Umboni wokhudza kusintha kwa kadyedwe kowonjezera pa chemotherapy; methylene blue sinali chowonjezera chimene chinayesedwa |
| “Njira ziwirizi zikaphatikizidwa zimapereka zotsatira zoposa zomwe zingayembekezeredwe pa chilichonse payokha.” | Kuyerekeza kophatikizapo kusagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse, kugwiritsa ntchito iliyonse payokha, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zonse pamodzi | Zotsatira zofanana zofotokozedwa pasadakhale m’magulu onse, pamodzi ndi kusanthula mmene njira ziwirizi zimakhudzirana | Kuyesa ngati zotsatira zake zikaphatikizidwa zimaposa zotsatira za chilichonse payokha zimene zingayembekezeredwe; zimenezi sizinatsimikizidwe ndi kafukufuku amene ali pamwambapa |
| “Sidzathetsa kusala kwanga kudya.” | Mankhwala enieniwo, zinthu zimene ali nazo ndi malamulo oyenera a kusala kudya | Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene ali nazo kapena kutsatira malamulowo | Yankho lokhudza kapangidwe kapena tanthauzo; palibe kuyeza autophagy |
Kuyerekeza kumeneku ndi kuphatikiza kwathu kwa mfundo zochokera mu kafukufuku amene akufotokozedwa pano. Mizere iwiri yomaliza ikufotokoza umboni umene ungafunike pa zonenazo, osati kupereka lipoti la kuyesa kumene kunamalizidwa.
Kuyambitsidwa kwa AMPK si zotsatira za kusala kudya
Pepala lina limene limatchulidwa kawirikawiri, kafukufuku wa Atamna ndi anzake wa mu 2015 wokhudza njira za mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha maselo, linagwiritsa ntchito maselo a fibroblast a anthu okulitsidwa kunja kwa thupi. Linanena za kusintha kwakanthawi pa kuwonjezeredwa kwa magulu a phosphate pa AMPK, kusintha kwa ntchito ya complex-IV ya mitochondria, ndi kuchepa kwa kufupika kwa ma telomere m’maselo okulitsidwa amene anapatsidwa methylene blue. Iyi ndi miyeso ya maselo. Mawu akuti “a anthu” amafotokoza kumene maselowo anachokera, osati anthu amene analowa nawo m’kuyesa kwa kusala kudya.
Njira yozindikira mphamvu ingayankhire ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoilimbikitsa. Kuzindikira kuyankhira kumeneko sikutanthauza kuti zinthuzo zingalowe m’malo mwa zinzake. Umboni wakuti methylene blue imasintha AMPK ndi umboni wakuti kuchepetsa zakudya kumakhudza kagayidwe ka zinthu m’thupi sizisonyeza kuti kuphatikizaku kuli ndi phindu, kuti zotsatira zake zimangowonjezana, kapena kuti zikaphatikizidwa zimaposa zotsatira za chilichonse payokha zimene zingayembekezeredwe. Zonenanso zokhudza kutalika kwa moyo zimafuna miyeso yake yeniyeni, monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu umboni wokhudza methylene blue ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Autophagy ndi njira imene zinthu za m’selo zimatumizidwa ku ma lysosome kuti ziphwanyidwe ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ntchito yake siingadziwike pongoyang’ana chizindikiro cha ma calorie pa chowonjezera cha zakudya. Malangizo a kuyesa autophagy amasiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo zokhudzana ndi autophagy ndi kuyenda kwa zinthu mu autophagy, kutanthauza kudutsa kwa zinthu m’njira yonseyo. Kuchuluka kwa zigawozi kungasonyeze kuwonjezeka kwa kupangidwa kwawo kapena kuchedwa kwa kuchotsedwa kwawo. Chizindikiro chimodzi sichingasiyanitse ziwirizi.
Kufotokoza kwathu kwa methylene blue, AMPK ndi kuyesa kwa autophagy kumaunika miyeso imeneyi mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi methylene blue imathetsa kusala kudya?
Palibe yankho la inde kapena ayi limene lingagwire ntchito mosatengera mankhwala enieniwo. “Methylene blue” ndi dzina la chinthu chogwira ntchito, osati mndandanda wathunthu wa zinthu zimene mankhwala ali nazo kapena kuunika kwa michere yake.
- Pa tanthauzo la kumwa madzi okha basi, mankhwala okhala ndi methylene blue ndi chinthu chowonjezedwa ku madzi. Kuwatcha opanda ma calorie sikuwapanga kukhala madzi wamba.
- Pa lamulo lotengera ma calorie, onani kapangidwe kenikeni. Shuga, madzi a shuga, mafuta, kapena zinthu zina zonyamulira zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ziyenera kuganiziridwa potengera kuchuluka kwake kwenikweni. Musaganize kuchuluka kwa ma calorie potengera mtundu wake, peresenti ya kuchuluka kwake, kapena dzina la chinthu chogwira ntchito chokha.
- Pa “kusala kudya kwa autophagy,” kusakhalapo kwa shuga wowonjezedwa kapena kuchuluka kochepa kwa ma calorie kotchulidwa sikutsimikizira zimene zimachitika pa kuyenda kwa zinthu mu autophagy m’minofu ya munthu.
- Pa kuyezetsa kwachipatala, tsatirani malangizo a malo amene akuyesetsani. Malangizo a MedlinePlus pa kusala kudya pokonzekera kuyezetsa magazi amasiyanitsa mwachindunji kumwa madzi wamba ndi zisankho zokhudza mankhwala, ndipo amalangiza kuti musasiye mankhwala popanda malangizo a wopereka chithandizo.
Zonena zokhudza kulowa kwa mankhwala m’thupi zimafuna kuyesa kosiyana: kuyerekeza mankhwala a kapangidwe kofanana pamikhalidwe yofotokozedwa ya kudya ndi kusala kudya, poyezera kuchuluka kwake m’magazi pakapita nthawi. Kumva zotsatira msanga sikutsimikizira kuti mankhwalawo alowa m’thupi mochuluka. Onani kulowa ndi kufalikira kwa methylene blue m’thupi kuti mupeze umboni wokhudza njira iliyonse yoperekera mankhwalawo. Kafukufuku wa maselo amene ali pamwambapa satsimikizira lamulo la kuwamwa limodzi ndi chakudya.
Kusala kudya pamodzi ndi methylene blue sikungalowe m’malo mwa chithandizo cha khansa
Malipoti a kuchepa kwa ululu pamene munthu akusala kudya sangathe kutsimikizira kuchepa kwa chotupa kapena kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Pamene zinthu zingapo, kusintha kwa kadyedwe, ndi mankhwala a ululu zikusintha pamodzi, nkhani ya munthu payekha siingadziwitse kuti ndi njira iti imene inachititsa kusintha kwabwino.
Pali kafukufuku weniweni wokhudza kusintha kwa kadyedwe panthawi ya chisamaliro cha khansa. Kuyesa kwa DIRECT kwa gawo la 2 kogawa anthu m’magulu mwamwayi kunafufuza kadyedwe kotsanzira kusala kudya pamodzi ndi chemotherapy yoperekedwa asanachite opaleshoni, mwa odwala a khansa ya m’mawere ya gawo II/III yopanda HER2. Sikunapeze kusiyana kwa kuopsa kwa chithandizo pakati pa maguluwo ndipo kunanena za kusanthula kwina komwe kunasonyeza kuyankhira kwabwino. Zotsatira zimenezi zinali zokhudza gulu losankhidwa la odwala ndi kadyedwe kowonjezera pa chithandizo. Sizinayese methylene blue, kusonyeza kugwira ntchito kwa kusala kudya n’kumamwa madzi okha, kapena kutsimikizira njira yolowa m’malo mwa chemotherapy.
Musachedwetse kapena kusintha chithandizo cha khansa chimene mwauzidwa kuti mulandire ndi kuphatikizaku. Kwa munthu amene akuchepa thupi kapena akuvutika kudya, kuchepetsanso zakudya kungasemphane ndi zofunikira za chithandizo. Malangizo a National Cancer Institute okhudza kadyedwe amafotokoza chifukwa chake ma calorie ndi mapuloteni okwanira, kuunika kadyedwe, ndi thandizo logwirizana ndi zosowa za munthu aliyense zili zofunika panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa.
Methylene blue ilinso ndi zoopsa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala mosatengera kusala kudya. Zambiri za kupereka mankhwala a PROVAYBLUE zimachenjeza za matenda obwera chifukwa cha serotonin yochuluka mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhudza serotonin ndi ma opioid, ndipo zimaletsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwa anthu amene ali ndi kuchepa kwa G6PD. Zolemba za mankhwala obayidwa amenewo sizitsimikizira mankhwala omwa ogulitsidwa kwa ogula kapena dongosolo la kusala kudya. Musanaganize zowagwiritsa ntchito, tengani mankhwala enieniwo ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala anu kwa gulu limene likukuthandizani.
Mukamaunika zonena zatsopano, dziwani mtundu wa kuyesa, zimene zinachitidwa, chimene chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza, ndi zotsatira zimene zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo owerengera kafukufuku wa methylene blue. Zonenazo zokhudza anthu osala kudya zimafuna umboni wochokera kwa anthu osala kudya, ndipo zonena zokhudza kuphatikizaku zimafuna umboni umene unayesadi kuphatikizaku.