Te puru metilīni mō ngā ika betta: ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai maimoatanga noa

Ka kite tētahi kaitiaki betta i ngā pakihau kua tāwekoweko, ka toro atu ki tētahi pounamu puru, ā, ka hē tana pātai tuatahi. Ko te pātai i te nuinga o te wā, “kia hia te nui?”, engari me pātai kē, “mō te aha, i roto i tēhea wai, ā, me pēhea te ine?”. Ka whakahuihui te betta i ngā hapa noa katoa o te maimoatanga tāke ika ki roto i tētahi tāke iti kotahi: he tino iti te rōrahi wai e whakanuia ai ngā hapa ine, he ika e hā ana i te hau i te mata o te wai, me tētahi tohu — ko ngā pakihau kua tāwekoweko — kāore e tautuhi ana i tētahi mate kotahi.

Ka whakautu tēnei kohinga pātai auau i ngā pātai e hāngai pū ana ki te betta. E whakapaetia ana kua whai kē koe i te rākau whakatau whānui mō te maimoatanga tāke ika, ā, ka waiho ngā kaupapa e rua ki ō rāua ake whārangi: ngā taunakitanga whānui mō te pirau pakihau me te mate harore, me ngā tikanga whānui mō te rumaki, mō te maimoatanga tāke hoki.

Ka rongoāhia rānei te pirau pakihau o te betta ki te puru metilīni?

Kāore e tika hei kōrero whānui. Pānuitia te tapanga i te tuatahi. E whakaahua ana ngā kōrero hua mō te puru metilīni a Kordon i tētahi hua wairewa 2.303% kua tohua mō te whakahaere harore i ngā hua ika me ngā mate harore i te mata o te tinana. He whakamahinga tuarua hoki ōna mō ētahi rauropi pūtau-tahi o waho, me te āwhina i ngā take paihana nitrite, cyanide rānei kua mōhiotia. Kei taua tapanga anō te whakakore i ngā mate huakita, ngā noke pirinoa papatahi, te Oodinium, me ngā mate harore taumaha ake i ōna whakamahinga kua tohua.

Mā taua whakakorenga e whakatau te nuinga o ngā take pirau pakihau. He huakita te take o te pirau pakihau o te betta i te nuinga o te wā, nā ngā rauropi pērā i te Aeromonas, te Pseudomonas rānei, nā te columnaris rānei, ā, ka whai mai te harore ki ngā kiko kua tūkino kētia. Nō reira, ko tētahi tapa pakihau rite ki te miro tērā pea he mate harore kei runga i tētahi raru huakita kāore te waikano i tohua hei rongoā. Ko te maimoatanga o te tipu mā e kitea ana, i te wā e haere tonu ana te mate huakita o raro, te momo rahunga e tino mōhiotia ana: ka puru te wai, ka whakaaro te kaitiaki kua mahia he mahi, engari ka mimiti tonu ngā pakihau.

Nō reira, he whakautu whai here te whakautu pono. Ki te tautuhia e tētahi tākuta kararehe wai he mate harore i te mata o te tinana o tō betta, kei roto te puru metilīni i ōna whakamahinga kua tohua ki te tapanga. Ki te tautuhia he pirau pakihau nā te huakita, kāore e uru, ā, me whai mahere kē koe. Ka arotakengia ngā taunakitanga mō taua rohe, tae atu ki ngā mea kua whakaaturia, kāore anō rānei kia whakaaturia, mō te pānga o te puru metilīni ki te ich, te pirau pakihau, me te mate harore, i te aratohu taunakitanga mō te pirau pakihau me te mate harore. Kaua e whakamahi i tētahi whakatau o taua whārangi hei horopeta; me whai kē he tātaritanga mate hei tūāpapa mō te pānui.

Ka taea rānei e au te maimoa i taku betta i tōna ake tāke?

He pai ake tētahi ipu maimoatanga motuhake, kāore he whakapaipai o roto. E toru ngā āhuatanga o te tāke noho e whakahē ana i te tāpiri hāngai i te matū ki reira, ā, nō te tapanga hua ēnei e toru, ehara i te kōrero tuku iho noa.

Tuatahi, ka whakatūpato te kaihanga kia kaua e whakamahia i ngā pūnaha e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tātari koiora. Ka tukatuka ngā huakita whakaputa pākawa i te haukini e whakaputaina tonutia ana e tō betta i te wā maimoatanga. Ki te whakararuraru te maimoatanga i aua huakita, ka whakakapia tētahi raru ki tētahi atu. Tuarua, ka whakatūpato te tapanga mō te whakararu i te tipu o ngā tipu, ā, ka tuhi hoki ka tangohia te matū e te waro whakahohe, ka ngongohia hoki e ngā rawa kōputaputa. Nā konei, kāore e taea te matapae pono i te pānga tūturu i roto i tētahi tāke whai whakapaipai, whai tātari hoki. Tuatoru, ka mau pū pea te tae ki te silicone o te tāke ika. He take ā-āhua noa tēnei, engari e kore e taea te whakahoki, nō reira me mōhio i mua i te ringihanga.

Ko te kōwhiringa kē he ipu maimoatanga wātea, e mōhiotia ana te rōrahi wai, he whakamahana, he whakahaumaru ngāwari i te wai, ā, kāore he rawa kōputaputa o roto. Mā taua whakaritenga e tiaki hoki te tāke whakaatu kei pāngia e te matū. Engari, kāore te wehe noa e whakapūmau i te wai haumaru. Kāore he tātari koiora kua tau kē i roto i te ipu maimoatanga, nō reira ka tere piki te haukini i roto i te rōrahi iti. E tūtohu ana ngā aratohu UF/IFAS mō ngā matū i ngā pūnaha wai hurihuri kia wehea ngā ika kua pāngia mō te maimoatanga, me te whakamārama anō ka whakawhirinaki ngā pānga matū ki te pānga ki te ika me ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha. Aroturukitia te wai maimoatanga, whakahaerehia te pāmahana, ā, kia motuhake ngā taputapu maimoatanga. Kua whakahiatohia ngā taipitopito hototahi mō ngā tātari, ngā tipu, ngā kōeke, me ngā pūnaha wai tai ki te aratohu hototahi mō ngā tāke me ngā kararehe wai.

Kei roto taku betta i tētahi tāke iti. Me pēhea taku karo i te horopeta nui rawa?

Ka huri ngā rōrahi iti i ngā hapa ine iti hei hapa kukūtanga nui. Ki te hē te tatau i tētahi pata i roto i tētahi ipu maimoatanga 2 liter, he maha ngā whakareatanga ake o te panonitanga kukūtanga i tō taua hapa pata i roto i tētahi tāke 40 liter. He maha ngā betta e puritia ana, ā, e maimoatia ana hoki, i ēnei rōrahi iti tonu.

Ko te whakamarumaru he tukanga tika. Tuhia ngā mea e whā i mua i te whakarite i te wai maimoatanga: te ingoa pū o te hua, tōna kukūtanga matū hohe kei te pounamu, te rōrahi wai maimoatanga kua inea ki ngā waeine e whakamahia ana e te tapanga, me te tikanga e whāia ana. Ko te ōrau kei te pounamu e whakaahua ana i te wairewa matua, ehara i te maimoatanga; ko ngā tohutohu e whakaahua ana i te nui o taua wairewa matua me uru ki tētahi rahinga wai kua tohua. He rerekē ngā takirua kukūtanga-me-te-wā mō te rumaki poto me te pānga roa ake. Nō reira, kaua rawa e whakakotahi i te kukūtanga o tētahi kawa ki te roanga o tētahi atu. Ka whakamārama te aratohu mō te rumaki me te maimoatanga tāke he aha e kore ai ēnei takirua e taea te whakawhiti, ā, ka āta tirohia ngā kawa o te tapanga.

Inea te rōrahi wai, kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te rahinga ingoa o te tāke. Ka whakaitihia te kītanga kua pānuitia e te papa o raro, ngā whakapaipai, me te hekenga o te mata wai. I roto i tētahi ipu iti, he wāhanga nui ia haurua liter e ngaro ana. Whakamahia ngā ine mita me tētahi pūwero, tētahi pipeta whai tohu ine rānei, mō te wairewa matua, kaua ngā pata ka kōpatia mai i te pounamu. Whakaritea te rōrahi maimoatanga katoa i mua i te whakaurunga o te ika.

He pānga rānei tō te okana labyrinth ki te maimoatanga?

Āe, i tētahi āhuatanga mahi. He ika labyrinth ngā betta: ka piki ki te hā i te hau o te kōhauhau mā tētahi okana motuhake, me te tango hoki i te hāora i te wai mā ō rātou pihapiha. Nō reira, e tūtohu ana ngā aratohu tiaki kia wātea tonu te ara ki te mata wai. Me wātea tonu te mata wai o te ipu maimoatanga i ngā wā katoa, me te hau mahana, haumākū i runga ake, kaua tētahi taupoki makariri e kati kikī ana.

E rua ngā take e hira ai tēnei. Tuatahi, ki te kī tētahi kawa kia taupokina kikītia te wai maimoatanga, kia whakakīia rānei te ipu ki te niao, ka taupatupatu tēnā ki te āhua o te hā o te ika. Waiho he āputa hau me tētahi taupoki e rere ai te hau. Kia ōrite te pāmahana mahana, pūmau o te wai maimoatanga ki tā te ika i taunga ai; e tūtohu ana ngā aratohu tākuta kararehe kia 76 ki te 81F ngā tāke betta, ā, ko te tikanga mā te whakamahana e pupuri. Tuarua, kāore te hā i te mata wai e whakamarumaru i te ika i te wai kino. Ka tūkino te haukini me te nitrite i ngā pihapiha, ka whakararu hoki i te ika ahakoa ka taea e ia te toro ki te hau. Koia me aroturuki tonu te ipu maimoatanga, ahakoa ka taea e te ika o roto te horomi hau. Ki te kite koe i te hā whakahā tonu, te ngoikore, te mirimiri rānei, tirohia ēnā hei tohu mō tētahi raru wai, mate rānei, kāore anō kia whakatauria, kaua hei tono mō te waikano anō.

He aha me tirotiro i mua i te whakamahi i te puru metilīni?

Tirohia te taiao i mua i te whakaingoa i te mate. E tūtohu ana te aratohu UF/IFAS mō te whakahaere hauora ika kia tirohia tuatahitia te kounga wai ina āhua māuiui ngā ika. Ko ngā whakamātautau iti rawa mō tētahi pakarutanga mate ko te hāora rewa, te haukini, te nitrite, me te pH. Ahakoa he mārama te āhua o te wai i tētahi tāke betta, kei roto tonu pea he haukini kino. Kāore he tae, kāore hoki he kakara o te haukini i ngā kukūtanga e tūkino ai i ngā ika. Me mōhio hoki ki te pāmahana me te pH hei whakamāori i te haukini katoa kua inea, pērā i tā UF/IFAS whakamārama mō te haukini i ngā pūnaha ahumoana.

Whaia te raupapa whakatau kotahi e whakamahia ana mō ngā ika tāke katoa: whakaūngia te kounga wai me ngā taputapu, whakahāngaitia te mate kua tautuhia ki ngā whakamahinga tūturu kua tohua mō te hua, whakaūngia te hua pū me ngā tohutohu ka taea te pānui, manatoko ka taea e te ipu maimoatanga te whakatutuki i ngā here hototahi o te tapanga, inea te rōrahi wai tūturu, ā, whakaritea he mahere mātakitaki me te whakaoti, me tētahi ara ki te āwhina tohunga mēnā e hiahiatia ana. Ki te kitea he mariao, he uaua hā e mau tonu ana, he matenga e haere tonu ana rānei, me wawe te aromatawai a tētahi tākuta kararehe wai, tētahi mātanga hauora ika rānei, kaua e whai noa i tētahi atu rauna waikano.

Me rumaki ārai mate ia betta hou?

Kāore he tikanga auau e whakamana ana i tēnei. Ehara te wai puru o te kawe ika i te taunakitanga ka whai painga ia ika hou i te rumaki. I roto i ngā whakamātautau i pūrongotia e te Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory o te Whare Wānanga o Florida, kāore te puru metilīni i whakamahia hei rumaki ārai mate i whakapai ake i te āhua, i te whanonga rānei o ngā ika i inea. I kitea i tētahi whakamātautau kawe motuhake mō ngā ika hiku hoari velvet he pai ake te āhua i muri tonu i te maimoatanga, engari i muri i te wiki kua ōrite anō ngā āhua. He rerekē ngā pānga, he rerekē ngā kitenga, kāore hoki he tūtohutanga kawe whānui mō ngā ika katoa.

Mō tētahi betta hou, he pai ake te taratahi me te mātakitaki i te whakamahi rongoā ārai. Ka whakauru ngā aratohu UF/IFAS mō te noho hei kaitiaki tāke ika haepapa i te taratahi, te tātari e tika ana, te kai tōtika, me te kounga wai ki roto i ngā tikanga ārai mate auau. Mātakitakihia te ika, whakamātautauhia te wai, ā, waiho te rongoā mō tētahi hiahia kua tautuhia i roto i taua mahere.

Te whakarāpopototanga

Whakaaturia te mate kua tautuhia, whakaūngia kei roto i ngā whakamahinga kua tohua ki te tapanga hua, ā, mahia te maimoatanga i roto i tētahi ipu wātea kua inea te wai, e wātea ana te mata wai, me tētahi mahere aroturuki. Ehara te pirau pakihau kāore anō kia tautuhia te take i te tohu hei whakamahi i te hua. Ehara tētahi tāke iti kāore anō kia inea tōna rōrahi i te horopeta. Ā, ehara tētahi tāke puru kāore he mahere mātakitaki i te maimoatanga.