Edemede
Ojiji methylene blue kwa ụbọchị na ogologo oge: gịnị ka a mụrụ?
Nnyocha egosibeghị usoro izugbe maka iji methylene blue kwa ụbọchị n’ebe ndị okenye ahụ siri ike nọ. A mụọla ikpughe mmadụ ugboro ugboro, gụnyere obere nnwale gbasara ọrịa uche nke were ọnwa isii. Enwekwara nnwale ndị toro ogologo maka ụdị ngwakọta yiri ya mana kemịkal ya dị iche. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n’ime ụdị ọmụmụ ndị a na-egosi na ngwọta a na-ere ahịa nke a kọwaghị nke ọma dị nchebe ma ọ bụ bara uru maka iji ya na-enweghị njedebe.
Ajụjụ bara uru kwesịrị ịdị kpọmkwem karịa “Ọ dị onye mụrụ ya ogologo oge?” Kama nke ahụ, ajụjụ bụ: ihe kpọmkwem bụ gịnị, e nyere ya n’ụzọ dị aṅaa, nye onye, ruo ogologo oge ole, na nsonaazụ ndị dị aṅaa ka a tụrụ?
Gụọ oge ikpughe na oge nlekọta sochiri ya iche
Oge ikpughe na-akọwa mgbe a na-enye ọgwụgwọ. Oge nlekọta sochiri ya na-akọwa mgbe ndị nyocha nyochara ndị sonyere ọzọ. Nlekọta ọnwa atọ mgbe ụbọchị ise nke ọgwụgwọ gasịrị apụtaghị na a na-enye ọgwụ ahụ ruo ọnwa atọ. N'otu aka ahụ, ọmụmụ na-akwụsị mgbe oke ruru ọnwa 30 apụtaghị na e nyere ya ọgwụgwọ ruo ọnwa 30.
Foto mkpuchi ahụ na-egosi ọdịiche a n’ụzọ eserese. Ntụpọ dị na ya bụ maka nkọwa, ọ bụghị data tụrụ n’ọmụmụ. Chaatị dị n’okpuru na-egosi oge n'ezie sitere n'ọmụmụ ahọpụtara. “Enweghị oge nlekọta dị iche akọpụtara” pụtara na akụkọ e zoro aka na ya egosighị oge ọzọ a na-ele onye sonyere anya na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ; ọ pụtaghị na a nyochara nsonaazụ niile nwere ike ime n’oge e mesịrị ma hụ na ha niile dị nkịtị.
Chaatị oge ọmụmụ
| Ọmụmụ na ụdị ihe e jiri mee ya | Ụdị ngwakọta na ụzọ e si nye ya | Oge ikpughe | Nlele ma ọ bụ nlekọta sochiri ya | Ajụjụ bụ isi a tụrụ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodriguez na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: onyonyo ụbụrụ nke ndị okenye ahụ siri ike | USP methylene blue, methylthioninium chloride; ọnụ | Otu oge inye ya | MRI mbụ na MRI ọzọ malitere nkeji 60 ka e mesịrị | Mgbanwe ngwa ngwa n'ọbara na-eru ụbụrụ na netwọkụ ụbụrụ, ọ bụghị nchekwa nke iji ogologo oge |
| Ibarra-Estrada na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: ndị ọrịa 91 nwere septic shock | Methylene blue n'ime saline; intravenous infusion | Infusion kwa ụbọchị ugboro atọ, nke ọ bụla were awa isii | A tụlere nsonaazụ ahụike ruo ụbọchị 28 | Ojiji vasopressor, nsonaazụ ụlọ ọgwụ, ọnwụ na mmetụta ọjọọ |
| Zoellner na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: ndị sonyere 42 nwere PTSD | Methylene blue; ọnụ, tinyere psychotherapy | Inye ya mgbe nnọkọ imaginal-exposure kwa ụbọchị ise gasịrị | Nlele ruo nlekọta nke ọnwa atọ | Mgbaàmà na arụmọrụ mgbe obere ọgwụgwọ jikọtara ọnụ gasịrị |
| Gureev na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: oke C57BL/6 | MB n'ọkwa ikpughe kwa ụbọchị abụọ a kọọrọ; akọwaghị ụzọ e si nye ya nke ọma na methods | Izu anọ | Nlele fecal kwa izu; ule maze n'ime ụbọchị ise ikpeazụ; enweghị oge mgbake dị iche akọpụtara | Nhazi microbiome na arụmọrụ n'ime maze |
| Jena na Chainy: oke nwanyị Wistar | Methylene blue n'ime mmiri ọṅụṅụ; ọnụ | Ụbọchị 30 | Nlele ikpeazụ nke ọbara, imeju na akụrụ | Ntụle oxidative-stress na serum ahọpụtara; anụmanụ ise n'otu ìgwè |
| Alda na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: ndị sonyere 37 nwere bipolar disorder | Methylene blue capsules; ọnụ; active dose dị elu tụnyere nke dị ala | Crossover izu 26: oge ọgwụgwọ abụọ nke izu 12 tinyere izu titration na crossover | Nleta oge niile n'oge ọgwụgwọ; a tụlere cognition na baseline, izu 13 na 26 | Mgbaàmà mood fọdụrụ, cognition na tolerability mgbe ọgwụgwọ dị ugbu a na-aga n'ihu |
| Poudel na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: ịka nká nke ọkpụkpụ n'oke | MB n'ime mmiri ọṅụṅụ maka oke nwanyị C57BL/6J merela agadi; MB n'ime nri maka oke nwoke na nwanyị UM-HET3 | Ọnwa isii ma ọ bụ 12 n'oke nwanyị merela agadi; ọnwa 15 n'oke UM-HET3, site n'afọ ọnwa asaa ruo 22 | Ntụle ọkpụkpụ na endpoints akọwapụtara; enweghị nlekọta dị iche mgbe ọgwụgwọ kwụsịrị | Nhazi ọkpụkpụ metụtara ịka nká, ọ bụghị nyocha zuru ezu nke nchekwa n’ime mmadụ |
| Gauthier na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: ndị ọrịa 891 nwere Alzheimer’s disease | Leuco-methylthioninium bis(hydromethanesulfonate), LMTM; ọnụ | Oge ọgwụgwọ randomized nke ọnwa 15 | Nlele clinical na nchekwa n'oge nnwale | Cognition, arụmọrụ kwa ụbọchị na adverse events; low-dose LMTM control |
| Auerbach na ndị ọrụ ibe ya: oke F344/N na B6C3F1 mice | Methylene blue trihydrate n'ime methylcellulose; oral gavage | Afọ abụọ, ụbọchị ise kwa izu | Nlekọta ndụ na tissue pathology ruo mgbe ọmụmụ kwụsịrị | Chronic toxicity na carcinogenicity |
Ahịrị ndị a abụghị ndụmọdụ dose ndị a pụrụ iji dochie ibe ha. Oral gavage na-ebuga ihe ahụ ozugbo n'afọ; mmiri ọṅụṅụ na nri na-enye ohere maka usoro iri ma ọ bụ ịṅụ dị iche. Intravenous infusion na-agafe usoro absorption nke eriri afọ. Ogologo oge ikpughe enweghị ike iwepụ ọdịiche ndị ahụ.
Ihe ojiji mmadụ ugboro ugboro na-agwa anyị
Nnwale bipolar na-enye ozi dị mkpa karịa banyere methylene blue a na-aṅụ ugboro ugboro karịa otu brain scan. Otú ọ dị, naanị mmadụ 27 n'ime ndị sonyere 37 mezuru nnwale ahụ. Ndị sonyere nwere bipolar disorder, ha na-anata lamotrigine tupu nnwale ahụ, ma a na-enyocha ha n'oge ọgwụgwọ. Ntụnyere ahụ jiri dose methylene blue dị ala kama inert placebo. Nhazi ọmụmụ a enweghị ike igosi nchekwa nke iji ya na-aga n'ihu n’ebe ndị ahụ siri ike nọ ma ọ bụ wepụ n’ụzọ a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi ihe ize ndụ ndị na-adịghị emekarị.
Nnwale Alzheimer chọrọ ka e mee ọdịiche ọzọ. LMTM bụ stabilized reduced methylthioninium formulation nwere counterions dị iche, ọ bụghị ngwọta methylene blue chloride nkịtị. E kwesịghị ịkọwa oge ọnwa 15 ya dị ka ọnwa 15 nke ule ngwaahịa methylene blue ndị ahịa. Prespecified primary analysis egosighị uru nke dose dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere low-dose control. A kọọrọ gastrointestinal na urinary adverse events yana mbelata hemoglobin. Nlele ogologo oge nyere ozi gbasara nchekwa; ọ gosighị na ihe ize ndụ adịghị.
Ihe ọmụmụ anụmanụ na-agbakwụnye
Ọmụmụ anụmanụ nwere ike nyochaa tissues na ikpughe ugboro ugboro nke ga-esiri ike nyocha n’ime mmadụ. Ha na-egosikwa ihe mere nsonaazụ ọma n'otu measurement ji ezughi oke.
N'ime nnwale oke nke ụbọchị 30, liver lipid peroxidation mụbara ebe nke akụrụ belatara. Ọtụtụ antioxidant measurements agbanweghị. Ịkpọ ọmụmụ ahụ dum “antioxidant protection” ga-ezochi ọdịiche a n’etiti akụkụ ahụ. N'ime nnwale oke nke izu anọ, ikpughe dị elu kpatara mgbanwe microbiome ka ukwuu. Ọmụmụ ahụ egosighị ma mgbanwe ndị ahụ gara n’ihu mgbe a kwụsịrị ihe ahụ.
Ikpughe ogologo oge emekwaghị ka uru e bu n’obi pụta n’onwe ya. Nnwale skeletal-aging egbochighị bone loss metụtara ịka nká. Mmetụta ha n'ihe gbasara nkwupụta longevity dabere na endpoint: bone morphology, survival, na ogologo ndụ mmadụ bụ ajụjụ dị iche iche.
Ọmụmụ chronic nke National Toxicology Program chọpụtara carcinogenic activity nwere ọkwa ihe akaebe dị iche n'etiti sex na species. Akwụkwọ metụtara ya nke afọ abụọ kọkwara anemia n'ụfọdụ ìgwè e kpughere. Nsonaazụ ndị a anaghị enye ọnụọgụ kpọmkwem nke cancer risk maka usoro ngwaahịa mmadụ na-azụ ahịa. Mana ha na-egbochi iji afọ abụọ nke inye anụmanụ ọgwụ dịka ihe akaebe dị mfe na enweghị nsogbu. Nkọwa ihe akaebe carcinogenicity na-enyocha nsonaazụ ndị ahụ iche.
Addiction, withdrawal, tolerance na cycling
Okwu ndị a na-akọwa ajụjụ dị iche iche.
- Addiction gụnyere enweghị njikwa zuru oke na ịnọgide na-eji ihe ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ na-akpata nsogbu. Ọmụmụ ndị dị n'elu egosighị methylene blue addiction syndrome. E meghịkwa ha iji gosi na dependence liability adịghị n’ebe ndị na-eji ya ogologo oge na-enweghị nlekọta nọ.
- Withdrawal pụtara syndrome a pụrụ imeghachi nke na-apụta mgbe a belatara ma ọ bụ kwụsị ihe. Achọtaghị m controlled evidence nke kọwara methylene blue withdrawal syndrome pụrụ iche. Ike ọgwụgwụ, nchekasị ma ọ bụ nsogbu ilekwasị anya mgbe a kwụsịrị ya bụ akụkọ kwesịrị nyocha, ma nke ahụ naanị ezughị iji kpọọ ya withdrawal. Nlọghachi nke nsogbu dịbu, ihe ndị ọzọ a na-eji, na mgbanwe ụra nwere ike ime ka nkọwa sie ike.
- Tolerance pụtara na nzaghachi nye otu exposure na-ebelata ka oge na-aga. “Boost” mmadụ chere na ọ na-enweta nke na-ebelata anaghị egosi ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ gosi na dose ka ukwuu kwesịrị ekwesị. Nnwale ga-achọ outcomes standardized a na-atụ ugboro ugboro yana measurements nke exposure iji nwalee nkwupụta ahụ.
- Cycling pụtara oge e zubere iji ihe ahụ na oge e zubere ịkwụsị ya. Ihe akaebe e zoro aka na ya anaghị akwado usoro na-egbochi tolerance, dependence ma ọ bụ cumulative harm. Usoro toxicology anụmanụ nke ụbọchị ise kwa izu bụ experimental schedule, ọ bụghị ndụmọdụ cycling maka mmadụ.
Nsonaazụ ọchụchọ nwekwara ike ime ka a gbagwojuru ihe a na-enyocha na ihe na-akpata dependence. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnwale gbasara opioid tolerance na withdrawal jiri methylene blue n'ime cell model e kpughere na opioids. Ọ bụghị ọmụmụ withdrawal sitere na methylene blue.
Ajụjụ ndị ka na-enweghị azịza
Maka ndị okenye ahụ siri ike na-eji methylene blue ugboro ugboro, nyocha e zoro aka na ya egosighị oge kpọmkwem nke uru ga-anọgide, oge kacha mma iji kwụsị, cycling schedule akwadoro, ma ọ bụ reliable rates nke adverse effects na-apụta n'azụ oge. Ọ naghị egosikwa ma short-term laboratory result nkịtị nwere ike ibu amụma nchekwa ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị.
Cumulative risk na drug accumulation nwere njikọ mana ha abụghị otu ihe. Ikpughe ugboro ugboro nwere ike ịdị mkpa ọbụlagodi mgbe ọgwụ ahụ anaghị anakọta n’ahụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, ma ọgwụ ọhụrụ na-emekọrịta ihe nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe ize ndụ mgbe oge gara aga enweghị nsogbu. Label PROVAYBLUE intravenous dị ugbu a na-edekọ serious serotonergic interactions, ihe ize ndụ hemolytic anemia na exposure ka elu mgbe kidney function belatara. Ọ naghị enye ikike iji ya n'ọnụ na-enweghị njedebe.
Maka mkpebi nke otu onye, ozi bara uru bụ formulation kpọmkwem, route, amount, frequency, ụbọchị e bidoro, ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, na mgbaàmà ọ bụla. Gụọ ogologo oge methylene blue na-anọ n’ahụ yana side effects na contraindications ya. Inwe akụkọ na-egosi na mmadụ nabatara ya nke ọma bụ ihe akaebe gbasara exposure gara aga, ọ bụghị nkwa gbasara nke ọzọ.