Methylene blue don COVID-19 da COVID mai ɗorewa: shaidu

Sha'awar amfani da methylene blue don COVID ta fara ne da tambaya mai ma'ana. Wannan sinadari ba shi da tsada, an daɗe ana amfani da shi a fannin likitanci, kuma binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ya nuna cewa yana da tasiri kan SARS-CoV-2. Amma ba da daɗewa ba wannan tambaya guda ta kasu zuwa tambayoyi daban-daban guda uku, kuma masu karatu da suka gauraya su za su fahimci shaidun ba daidai ba.

Tambayoyin guda uku su ne: shin yana magance kamuwa da cuta a matakin farko a marasa lafiya, shin yana kashe ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta a wajen jiki, kuma shin yana taimakawa ga alamomin bayan matakin farko da ake kira COVID mai ɗorewa. Kowannensu yana da tsarin bincike daban, ma'aunin sakamako daban, da amsa daban. Wannan maƙala ta ware su daga juna, sannan ta ƙare da rajistar bincike da za ku iya dubawa kafin yanke kowace shawara tare da ƙwararren ma'aikacin lafiya.

Kamuwa da cuta a matakin farko: alamun inganta oxygen da aka gani akai-akai ba tare da shaidar warkarwa ba

An gabatar da hujjojin farko na amfani da maganin don wata sabuwar manufa a cikin bitar bayanai ta 2021. Bitar ta nazarci yadda methylene blue ke aiki a jiki, sannan ta jera gwaje-gwaje biyar da aka yi wa rajista kan methylene blue wajen kula da COVID-19. Wannan bita tana da amfani a matsayin taswirar farawa, ba a matsayin hujja ba. Ta gabatar da hanyoyin da zai iya aiki, kamar zagayawar redox da rage lalacewar da oxidation ke haifarwa, sannan ta tattara gwaje-gwajen da yawancinsu ba su kammala ba a lokacin. Matsayin gwaje-gwajen ya sauya tun daga lokacin, don haka kowane bayani yana buƙatar sabon bincike maimakon dogaro da jerin 2021.

Abin da wallafe-wallafen baya suka nuna ya yi kama sosai har za a iya bayyana shi. Bincike da dama a asibitocin Iran sun gwada methylene blue a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin magunguna da aka ƙara wa kulawar da aka saba, kuma sun bayar da rahoton ingantuwar oxygen a ɗan gajeren lokaci da rage tsawon zaman asibiti. A wani rahoton gwaji na mataki na 2 da ya ƙunshi marasa lafiya 80, tsawon zaman asibiti ya kai kusan kwanaki 7 ga waɗanda suka karɓi haɗin magungunan, idan aka kwatanta da kusan kwanaki 12 ga waɗanda suka karɓi kulawar da aka saba kaɗai. Wani rahoto mafi girma, mai tsarin mataki na 3, wanda ya ƙunshi marasa lafiya 223, ya nuna sakamako a wannan alkibla, amma bambancin mutuwa bai kai muhimmanci a ƙididdiga ba. Waɗannan bincike ne da ba a ɓoye nau'in maganin da kowa ya karɓa ba, kuma sun gwada tsarin magani mai sassa da yawa. Wannan yana da muhimmanci saboda dalilan da za mu koma kansu a ƙasa.

Wani sabon bincike da aka rarraba mahalarta ta hanyar bazuwar ya ƙara fayyace abin da ake gani. A cikin marasa lafiya 122 da aka kwantar da su saboda COVID-19 tare da ARDS, rukunin da ya karɓi methylene blue ta baki tare da maganin da aka saba ya nuna ƙarin hauhawar yawan oxygen da ke ɗaure da haemoglobin a jini fiye da rukunin maganin da aka saba kaɗai. A ƙididdiga, sauyin da aka gani bisa lokaci ya bambanta sosai tsakanin rukunonin. Duk da haka, tsawon zaman asibiti da yawan mutuwa a wata ɗaya da watanni uku ba su bambanta sosai ba a wannan gwajin ARDS da aka rarraba mahalarta ta hanyar bazuwar. Wani ƙaramin jerin rahotannin ba da magani a matsayin ƙoƙarin ceto, ba tare da rukunin kwatantawa ba, ya ƙunshi marasa lafiya 50 masu tsananin rashin lafiya da aka ba methylene blue ta jijiya. Ya bayar da rahoton hauhawar rabon oxygen bayan magani, amma saboda an samu mutuwa 20 kuma babu rukunin kwatantawa, wannan jerin rahotannin ƙoƙarin ceto ba zai iya nuna cewa maganin ne ya haifar da sauyin ba.

Gwajin da ya fi ƙarfi wajen kwatanta tasirin yaƙi da ƙwayar cuta da placebo ya nuna akasin haka. Gwajin NCT04635605 ya rarraba marasa lafiya da ba a kwantar da su ba ta hanyar bazuwar zuwa karɓar kashi guda na methylene blue ta baki ko placebo, sannan ya auna yawan ƙwayoyin cuta da kawar da su. Sakamakon bai nuna tasiri wajen yaƙi da ƙwayar cuta ba, kamar yadda aka taƙaita a rahoton gwajin da aka wallafa. Haka kuma, ba a samu raguwar kwantarwa a asibiti ba a wani gwaji mai alaƙa amma daban, wanda ya gwada plasma na waɗanda suka warke da aka yi wa sarrafawa da methylene blue kafin ƙarin jini. Wannan bincike na marasa lafiya 376 da ba a kwantar da su ba ya gano cewa yawan kwantarwa a asibiti da sauyin yawan ƙwayoyin cuta sun kusan zama iri ɗaya a rukunin plasma da na placebo a gwajin plasma na COnV-ert. Yin amfani da methylene blue wajen sarrafa plasma hanya ce ta sarrafa samfurin jini, ba maganin methylene blue da ke aiki a duk jiki ba, don haka bai kamata a ƙirga shi a matsayin gwajin shan maganin ba.

A taƙaice: methylene blue don COVID yana nuna alamun inganta ma'aunan oxygen akai-akai, amma babu gamsasshiyar hujjar cewa yana sa a kawar da ƙwayar cuta da sauri, yana rage kwantarwa a asibiti, ko yana rage mutuwa. Yawan oxygen da ke ɗaure da haemoglobin a jini abu ne da ya dace a bibiyi, amma ba daidai yake da warkar da kamuwa da cuta ba.

Masu karatu da ba su saba da yadda methylene blue ke aiki a matsayin sinadarin redox ba sukan yi tunanin cewa ingantuwar oxygen na nufin kashe ƙwayar cuta. Ba haka ba ne. Matakin oxygen yana nuna yanayin lalacewar huhu, aikin haemoglobin, da zagayawar jini. Yawan ƙwayoyin cuta kuwa yana nuna yadda suke hayayyafa. Magani na iya shafar ɗaya ba tare da shafar ɗayan ba.

Kashe ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta a dakin gwaje-gwaje: sakamako mai ƙarfi, amma ma'anarsa tana da iyaka

A dakin gwaje-gwaje, sakamakon yana da ƙarfi sosai fiye da haka, kuma wannan bambanci yana rikitar da taƙaitattun bayanai da yawa. Binciken farko na renon ƙwayoyin halitta ya bayar da rahoton tasiri na rabin iyaka a ƙananan matakan micromolar kan SARS-CoV-2 a ƙwayoyin halittar Vero E6. Wannan ya samar da dalilin gwaje-gwajen ɗan Adam da aka ambata a binciken farko na renon ƙwayoyin halitta. Daga baya, gwaje-gwajen haɗa sinadarin kai tsaye da ƙwayar cuta sun nuna cewa methylene blue yana lalata RNA na ƙwayar cutar bayan sun yi sa'o'i suna hulɗa, ko da ba a kunna tasirinsa da haske ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a aikin Cagno da abokan aikinsa.

Idan aka yi amfani da haske, tasirin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Haɗa methylene blue da hasken laser ja ya kashe ƙarfin ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya a ruwa mai tarin ƙwayoyin cuta, sannan ya kare shimfiɗar ƙwayoyin halitta mai kaurin layi ɗaya a binciken kashe ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar haske. Binciken kayayyakin jini ya nuna irin wannan sakamako: kusan 0.8 micromolar na methylene blue tare da hasken da ido ke gani ya rage ƙarfin SARS-CoV-2 na haddasa kamuwa da cuta a plasma da kusan matakai biyar na ninkawa da goma. Methylene blue ba tare da haske ba kuwa ya yi ƙasa sosai da haka, bisa ga gwaje-gwajen rage ƙwayoyin cuta a plasma. An kuma bayar da rahoton irin wannan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a samfuran da aka ɗauka daga marasa lafiya ta hanyar ɗan haskaka su a wani bincike na baya kan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a samfura.

Hanyar fahimtar da ta dace ita ce sinadarin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a wajen ƙwayoyin halitta, ba maganin yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta ba. Wani bincike na 2024 kan yadda yake aiki ya fayyace wannan bambanci: methylene blue ya kashe ƙarfin ƙwayoyin coronavirus da ke wajen ƙwayoyin halitta a duhu ba tare da yiwuwar dawowar ƙarfin ba. Duk da haka, kusan bai yi wani tasiri ba bayan ƙwayoyin halitta sun riga sun kamu, kuma ba da shi ta baki bai kare berayen da ke saurin kamuwa daga kamuwa da cuta mai kisa ba a wannan kwatancen wajen ƙwayoyin halitta da cikinsu.

Wannan bambanci yana bayyana tsarin sakamakon binciken marasa lafiya. Sinadari na iya zama kyakkyawan abin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a saman abubuwa, a samfura, ko a plasma, musamman tare da haske, amma har yanzu ya gaza a matsayin maganin yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke aiki a duk jiki. Dalili kuwa shi ne cewa naman hanyoyin numfashi da ya kamu da cuta yanayi ne daban da na bututun gwaji. Kashe ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta a dakin gwaje-gwaje yana tallafa wa amfani wajen amincin na'urori da jini. Ba ya tabbatar da methylene blue don COVID a matsayin ingantaccen magani ga marasa lafiya.

COVID mai ɗorewa: hasashe kaɗai, babu kammalallen gwajin bazuwar

Shaidun methylene blue don COVID mai ɗorewa sun fi wannan rauni. Maƙalar 2021 da ake yawan ambata, wadda ke da kalmomin "baƙin ciki bayan COVID" a take, wasiƙar hasashe ce, ba gwaji ba. Ta gabatar da hanyoyin mitochondria da kumburin tsarin jijiyoyi da za su iya haifar da amfani, amma ba ta bayar da sakamakon bayan matakin farko da aka kwatanta da rukunin kulawa ba a wasiƙar hasashe kan alamomin bayan COVID. Wannan ra'ayin farawa ne, ba sakamako ba.

Har zuwa ƙarshen 2026, ba mu gano wani gwajin bazuwar da aka yi wa rajista kuma ya kammala, wanda ya gwada methylene blue musamman don matsalolin bayan matakin farko da suka riga suka tabbata ba. Ƙananan rahotannin da suka bibiyi marasa lafiya bayan matakin farko, bayan maganin methylene blue ko maganin da ke aiki ta hanyar haske, sannan suka tambaya game da alamomin da suka ci gaba, ba za su iya cike wannan giɓi ba. Ƙanana ne, ba su da rukunin kwatantawa, kuma sau da yawa suna haɗa methylene blue da maganin haske ko wasu magunguna. Saboda haka, ba za su iya nuna kariya daga COVID mai ɗorewa ko magancinsa ba.

Duk wanda yake tantance wata da'awa a nan ya kamata ya yi tambayoyi guda uku. Shin an ayyana mahalartan a matsayin masu matsalolin bayan matakin farko maimakon waɗanda ke cikin matakin farko? Shin akwai rukunin kwatantawa? Shin an auna gajiya, rashin jure motsa jiki, wahalar tunani, ko wata alama da aka ƙayyade tun da farko, da ma'aunin da aka tabbatar da sahihancinsa? Idan amsar kowace daga cikin waɗannan ita ce a'a, rahoton bayanin tushe ne, ba shaidar tasirin magani ba.

Bayani kan haɗin magunguna da naltrexone mai ƙaramin kashi

Wasu tsare-tsaren magani a intanet suna haɗa methylene blue da naltrexone mai ƙaramin kashi don gajiyar bayan kamuwa da cutar ƙwayoyin virus. Wannan yana haifar da matsalar tantance abin da ya kawo sauyi. Idan aka fara hanyoyin magani biyu a lokaci guda kuma alamomi suka sauya, wannan sauyin ba ya nuna wace hanya ce ta taimaka, ko ko ɗaya daga cikinsu ta taimaka, ko kuma ko haɗin yana da aminci. Warkewa ta halitta, hutawa, martanin placebo, da sauran kulawar da ake samu a lokaci guda su ma na iya bayyana ingantuwar.

Wannan tunani ya kuma shafi gwaje-gwajen haɗin magunguna na COVID a matakin farko da aka ambata a sama, inda aka ba methylene blue tare da vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, ko wasu sinadarai, ban da kulawar da aka saba. Ƙarancin tsawon zaman asibiti a rukunin haɗin magunguna ba ya ware tasirin methylene blue kaɗai. Masu karatu da suke shan methylene blue tare da wasu ƙarin sinadaran abinci ko magunguna ya kamata su duba bayanan hulɗar magunguna da dalilan da ke hana amfani tare da ƙwararren ma'aikacin lafiya, maimakon ɗauka cewa labarin gogewar wani da haɗin magunguna zai shafe su. Bayanin amincin methylene blue yana da muhimmanci musamman saboda magungunan da ke shafar serotonin, ƙarancin G6PD, raunin aikin ƙoda, da juna biyu suna sauya yadda ake tantance haɗari gaba ɗaya.

Rajistar gwaje-gwaje da bincike tare da ma'aunan sakamako na musamman ga kowane yanayi

Yi amfani da wannan tebur a matsayin tushen bayanan wannan maƙala. Yanayin da ake nazari shi ne yake ƙayyade ma'aunin sakamakon da ya dace. Bayanan rajistar suna nuna matsayin da aka ruwaito har zuwa ƙarshen 2026; a tabbatar da matsayin yanzu kafin ambatonsu, domin bayanan rajista kan makara bayan wallafe-wallafe.

Yadda za a yi amfani da waɗannan shaidun

A ware waɗannan yanayi guda uku daga juna. Don kamuwa da cuta a matakin farko, taƙaitaccen bayani na gaskiya shi ne yiwuwar inganta matakin oxygen, amma ba a tabbatar da tasiri kan kawar da ƙwayar cuta, kwantarwa a asibiti, ko tsira da rai ba. Don sarrafa abubuwa a dakin gwaje-gwaje, methylene blue tare da haske hanya ce da aka tabbatar tana kashe ƙarfin ƙwayar cuta a yanayin da aka gwada ta. Don COVID mai ɗorewa, a yanzu babu hujjar gwaji da za ta zama tushen magani.

Duk wanda yake tunanin amfani da shi ya kamata ya tattauna kashi, lokacin amfani, magungunan da za su iya yin hulɗa da shi, da dacewar amfani tare da ƙwararren ma'aikacin lafiya. Ya kuma kamata ya duba ko wani sakamakon gwaji na baya ya sauya daidaiton shaidun. Ana sabunta bayanan gwaje-gwaje bayan an wallafa bita, kuma wannan fanni ya riga ya sauya daga matakin shawara zuwa samun wasu sakamako. Wannan ɗabi'ar sake duba rajista ta fi kowane bincike guda muhimmanci.