Isihloko
Isiguquli sokugxila kwe-methylene blue: iphesenti, mg/mL, nevolumu elinganisiwe
Isixazululo se-methylene blue esingu-1% w/v siqukethe 10 mg/mL. Ilebula elithi “1%” kuphela lishiya umbuzo obalulekile ungaphenduliwe: ingabe yigremu elilodwa ku-100 wamamililitha esixazululo, noma yigremu elilodwa ku-100 wamagremu? Okokuqala kuguqulwa ngokuqondile kube ngu-mg/mL. Okwesibili kudinga ukuminyana kwesixazululo.
Vula isiguquli sokugxila ukuze ufake isisekelo esishiwo elebuleni, izinga lokugxila, nevolumu elinganisiwe. Ithuluzi lisebenza esipheqululini sakho futhi lingagcinwa ukuze lisetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuxhumeka ku-inthanethi. Libala isisindo sekhemikhali nezilinganiso ezilinganayo ngamayunithi ahlukene. Alikhethi umthamo womuntu, indlela yokuwunikeza, noma uhlelo lokwelashwa. Leyo mibuzo idinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukile, okuchazwe kokuthi kungani izinga lokugxila lingesona isincomo somthamo.
Funda idinominetha ngaphambi kwenombolo
Ukugxila kuchaza ukuthi ingxenye ethile ikhona kangakanani uma iqhathaniswa nenani elishiwo lengxube. Idinominetha inquma ukuthi inombolo isho ukuthini. I-NIST ihlukanisa ukugxila ngokwesisindo nokugxila ngokwenani lento: i-mg/mL ichaza isisindo ngevolumu ngayinye, kanti i-mol/L ichaza inani lekhemikhali ngevolumu ngayinye. Kuyizilinganiso ezihlukile.
Kulesi siguquli, sebenzisa lezi zincazelo zokufakwayo:
| Okufakwayo | Incazelo | Okufanele ukufake |
|---|---|---|
| Iphesenti w/v | Amagremu engxenye eshiwo ku-100 mL wesixazululo sokugcina | Faka 1 uma kungu-1%, hhayi 0.01 |
| Iphesenti w/w | Amagremu engxenye eshiwo ku-100 g wesixazululo sonke | Faka iphesenti nokuminyana kwesixazululo ngo-g/mL |
| mg/mL | Amamiligremu engxenye eshiwo ngemililitha ngayinye yesixazululo | Faka ngokuqondile izinga lokugxila ngokwesisindo elishiwo |
| Ivolumu elinganisiwe | Ivolumu yesixazululo esihlolwayo | Faka mL; 100 µL kungu-0.1 mL |
| Ivolumu yethonsi enqunywe ngokulinganisa | Ivolumu emaphakathi elinganisiwe ekhishwa yithonsi elilodwa | Faka mL/drop kuphela uma yaziwa ngalolo ketshezi nangaleyo divayisi ekhiphayo |
Izincazelo zezixazululo ze-EMD Chemicals zihlukanisa ngokucacile i-w/v, i-w/w, ne-v/v. Lesi sibali asamukeli iphesenti v/v, elichaza ubudlelwano bamavolumu futhi elingenakuguqulwa libe yisisindo sento encibilikisiwe kusetshenziswa iphesenti kuphela.
Guqula iphesenti w/v libe ngu-mg/mL
Ngephesenti elishiwo p elisekelwe ku-w/v:
Ukugxila ngo-mg/mL = p × 10
Isiphindaphindi esingu-10 sivela ekuguqulweni kwamayunithi: amagremu angu-p ku-100 mL alingana namamiligremu angu-p × 1,000 ahlukaniswe ngo-100 mL. Ukuze uguqule uye kolunye uhlangothi, hlukanisa i-mg/mL ngo-10.
| Izinga lokugxila elishiwo | Izinga elilinganayo lokugxila ngokwesisindo | Isisindo ku-0.25 mL |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1% w/v | 1 mg/mL | 0.25 mg |
| 0.5% w/v | 5 mg/mL | 1.25 mg |
| 1% w/v | 10 mg/mL | 2.5 mg |
| 2% w/v | 20 mg/mL | 5 mg |
Lezi yizibonelo zezibalo, hhayi amanani anconyelwe ukunikezwa umuntu. Qaphela ukuthi ukuphinda kabili izinga lokugxila kuphinda kabili isisindo esivolumini efanayo. Umyalelo wevolumu awunakusetshenziswa ezixazululweni ezinamazinga ahlukene okugxila ngaphandle kokuhlola izinga lokugxila.
“Isixazululo sokugcina” naso sibalulekile. Incazelo yegremu elilodwa ku-100 mL ichaza ivolumu yonke ngemva kokuncibilikiswa. Ayisho ukufaka igremu elilodwa ku-100 mL wamanzi osuvele uwalinganisile. Emsebenzini wokulungiselela, ivolumu yokugcina iyinani okubhekiselwa kulo.
Guqula iphesenti w/w usebenzisa ukuminyana kwesixazululo
Ngephesenti p elisekelwe ku-w/w nokuminyana kwesixazululo ρ ngo-g/mL:
Ukugxila ngo-mg/mL = p × 10 × ρ
Ake sithi isixazululo esicatshangelwayo singu-1% w/w futhi ukuminyana kwaso okubhalwe phansi kungu-1.05 g/mL. Imililitha elilodwa linesisindo esingu-1.05 g. Iphesenti elilodwa laleso sisindo liyinto encibilikisiwe eshiwo: 0.0105 g, noma 10.5 mg. Ngakho izinga laso lokugxila ngokwesisindo lingu-10.5 mg/mL, elilingana no-1.05% w/v.
Ukuminyana kuleso sibonelo kwenziwe ngamabomu kwaba okucatshangelwayo. Akulona inani elilinganisiwe lomkhiqizo we-Blupreme. Faka ukuminyana kwengxube yangempela eseqediwe, ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Ukuminyana kwamanzi noma kwempuphu eyomile ye-methylene blue kuyinani elihlukile. Uma ukuminyana kungatholakali, isiguquli sishiya ukubalwa kwe-w/w kungaxazululiwe kunokuba sifake u-1 g/mL ngaphandle kokukwazisa.
Ekubalweni okubuyela emuva, iphesenti w/w lilingana ne-mg/mL ehlukaniswe ngo-10 × ukuminyana ngo-g/mL. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-w/w ne-w/v kungabonakala kufana ngezinombolo kwezinye izingxube zamanzi ezingagxilile kakhulu, nakuba izincazelo zakho zingashintshaniswa.
Bala isisindo esivolumini elinganisiwe
Uma izinga lokugxila selivezwe ngo-mg/mL:
Isisindo ngo-mg = ukugxila ngo-mg/mL × ivolumu ngo-mL
Ingxenye elinganisiwe yaselabhorethri engu-0.25 mL ethathwe esixazululweni esigciniwe esingu-5 mg/mL iqukethe 1.25 mg wengxenye eshiwo encazelweni yezinga lokugxila. “Ingxenye elinganisiwe” lapha isho ingxenye yesixazululo ekalwe ngevolumu. Ukubala kuthatha ngokuthi leyo ngxenye imele isixazululo esishiwo esixubeke ngokulinganayo.
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lisalokhu linquma ukuthi u-0.25 mL ukhishiwe ngempela yini. I-Eppendorf ichaza ukuthi izakhiwo zoketshezi nezinga lokushisa zikuthinta kanjani ukusebenzisa iphayiphethi enomcamelo womoya. Izibalo ezifanele azikwazi ukulungisa idivayisi yokulinganisa engafanele, ibhamuza lomoya, noma isikali esifundwe ngokungeyikho. Umphumela oboniswa ngamadijithi ayisithupha abalulekile uwumphumela wezibalo, hhayi isimangalo sokuthi ukulinganisa kunembile kuze kufike kumadijithi ayisithupha.
Kungani lingekho inani lamathonsi elisethwe kusengaphambili
Umbuzo othi “Mangaki amathonsi aqukethe 1 mg?” udinga kokubili izinga lokugxila nevolumu yethonsi ngalinye enqunywe ngokulinganisa. Igama elithi “ithonsi elilodwa” noma indlela ithuluzi lokukhipha amathonsi elibukeka ngayo akuyinikezi leyo volumu.
Uma ivolumu emaphakathi elinganisiwe yethonsi ingu-d mL/drop:
Isisindo ngethonsi ngalinye = ukugxila × d
Esibonelweni esicatshangelwayo ngokusobala sokulinganisa esingu-0.04 mL/drop nangesixazululo esingu-10 mg/mL, isisindo esimaphakathi singu-0.4 mg/drop. Ngokwezibalo, imiligremu elilodwa lilingana no-2.5 walawo mathonsi amaphakathi. Lowo mphumela oyingxenye awuchazi uhhafu wethonsi ongakhishwa ngokuthembekile futhi awuwona umyalelo wokunikeza umuntu.
Umsebenzi we-NIST wesayensi yokulinganisa amathonsi unquma isisindo nevolumu yethonsi elikhishiwe ngokukulinganisa. Imiphumela yayo yedivayisi ekhipha amathonsi ngokunemba ayinakudluliselwa ethuluzini lamathonsi lomthengi. Sebenzisa ulwazi lokulinganisa oluqondene noketshezi lwangempela, idivayisi ekhiphayo, nezimo zokusebenza. Shiya inkambu ongakhetha ukuyigcwalisa ingenalutho uma lolo lwazi lungekho; isiguquli sisazobala isisindo kusukela kuvolumu elinganisiwe.
Gcina isisekelo samakhemikhali esiselebeleni
Isiguquli sisebenzisa izinga lokugxila elifakiwe kuzo zonke izibalo. Asilungisi umphumela ngokuhlolwa kobumsulwa bempuphu, asiguquli phakathi kwesisekelo sento enamanzi aboshwe esakhiweni sayo nesingenawo amanzi, asikhombi ukungcola, futhi asiqinisekisi ukuthi ingxube ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuthile. Kopisha incazelo egcwele yekhemikhali embhalweni womthombo lapho ubhala umphumela. Umhlahlandlela wokugxila kwesixazululo se-methylene blue uchaza indlela yokuqhathanisa izincazelo zamazinga okugxila emikhiqizweni ehlukene.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umphumela, bhala izinto ezintathu ndawonye: izinga lokugxila lasekuqaleni nesisekelo salo, ivolumu elinganisiwe, nesisindo esiwumphumela. Engeza ukuminyana noma ulwazi lokulinganisa amathonsi uma okunye kwakho kusetshenzisiwe. Lowo mbhalo wenza ukubala kuphindeke futhi uveze izinto ezithathwe njengeziyiqiniso ebezingafihlwa yinombolo yodwa.