Uribel, Uro-MP, ne-Urogesic Blue: Uthelekiso Lwezithako

Isigulana siqalisa ukuthatha ikhapsuli eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokutshisa xa sichama nokungxamiseka kokuchama. Umchamo uba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Xa ibhotile elandelayo ibhalwe igama lophawu elahlukileyo, isigulana sibuza umbuzo ofanelekileyo: ingaba idayi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibiyeyona nto isebenzayo, yaye ingaba nayiphi na imveliso enemethylene blue isebenza ngendlela efanayo?

Loo ndlela yokuqonda ayichanekanga, yaye ileyibhile ichaza isizathu. Iyeza i-Uribel, i-Uro-MP, ne-Urogesic Blue ngamayeza adityanisiweyo. Imethylene blue sesinye sezithako ezininzi, yaye ileyibhile iyichaza njengesibulali-ntsholongwane esibuthathaka, kungekhona njengonyango lonke. Ukuze uthelekise ezi mveliso, funda isithako ngasinye nenjongo yaso echaziweyo endaweni yokujonga umbala.

Zontathu iimveliso ekuxoxwa ngazo apha zivela kwi-DailyMed njengeemveliso zamayeza ezingavunywanga, ezineenkcukacha zeleyibhile ezinikezelwe ngumenzi. Eso simo sibalulekile. Sithetha ukuba iileyibhile zichaza ukwakheka kwemveliso ethengiswayo, kodwa ezi mveliso azidlulanga kuphononongo olufanayo lwe-FDA lokuvunywa kweyeza elitsha njengeyeza elivunyiweyo elimiselwa ngugqirha. Jonga ileyibhile yemveliso oyinikiweyo ngokwenene, hayi igama losapho lophawu, ngaphambi kokucinga ukuba ziyalingana.

Uthelekiso lwezithako ngokwemveliso

Itheyibhile isebenzisa iinkcukacha zeeleyibhile zangoku zase-US. Amandla aboniswe ngokwekhaphsuli nganye ye-Uribel ne-Uro-MP, nangokwepilisi nganye egqunyiweyo ye-Urogesic Blue.

Isithako nenjongo ezichazwe kwileyibhile	Ikhapsuli ye-Uribel	Ikhapsuli ye-Uro-MP	Ipilisi egqunyiweyo ye-Urogesic Blue
Methenamine, ilwa neebhaktheriya kumchamo ngeformaldehyde kumchamo oneasidi	118 mg	118 mg	81.6 mg
Sodium phosphate monobasic, isithako esenza iasidi nesigcina umchamo uneasidi ukuze imethenamine isebenze	40.8 mg	40.8 mg	40.8 mg
Phenyl salicylate, isithomalalisi esibuthathaka seentlungu	36 mg	36 mg	Ayikho
Methylene blue, isibulali-ntsholongwane esibuthathaka	10 mg	10 mg	10.8 mg
Hyoscyamine sulfate, ithintela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yeparasympathetic ibe inesiphumo sokunciphisa ukuxhuzula kwezihlunu	0.12 mg	0.12 mg	0.12 mg

Ileyibhile yangoku ye-Uribel idwelisa eli qela lezithako ezintlanu ize ichaze indima nganye engentla. Ileyibhile yangoku ye-Uro-MP ihambelana ne-Uribel kwisithako ngasinye nakumandla aso, kuphela uhlobo lwetyuwa yephosphate oluchazwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ileyibhile yangoku ye-Urogesic Blue ichaza ipilisi enezithako ezine, enamandla emethenamine nemethylene blue ahlukileyo, yaye ayinayo iphenyl salicylate.

Kukho inkcukacha enye ekufundeni ileyibhile ekufanele iqatshelwe. Icandelo leNkcazelo le-Uribel lichaza imethenamine eyi-118 mg, ngoxa itheyibhile ecwangcisiweyo yezithako ekwakwelo phepha le-DailyMed ibonisa i-120 mg. Sebenzisa ixabiso le-118 mg elikwicandelo leNkcazelo nakwipakethe xa ujonga ukwakheka kwekhaphsuli nganye, uze ukuthathe oko kungahambelani njengesizathu sokuqinisekisa iphakheji oyinikiweyo, kungekhona njengamandla ahlukileyo.

Oko ileyibhile ithi kwenziwa sisithako ngasinye

Imethenamine yenza umsebenzi ophambili wokulwa neebhaktheriya ochazwe kwezi leyibhile. Kumchamo oneasidi ijika ibe yiformaldehyde, echazwa yileyibhile njengebulala iibhaktheriya okanye ethintela ukukhula kwazo. Loo ndlela yokusebenza ichaza ukuba kutheni isithako esenza iasidi sibalulekile. Isodium phosphate monobasic inceda ukugcina umchamo uneasidi ukuze imethenamine iqhekeke ngendlela ecetyiweyo. Amayeza anyusa i-pH yomchamo, kuquka amanye amayeza okuthomalalisa iasidi yesisu, iithiazide, nezinto ezenza umchamo ube yialkali, ngoko anokunciphisa isiphumo semethenamine esichazwe kwileyibhile.

Iphenyl salicylate inendima encinane ngakumbi. Ileyibhile ithi ikhupha isalicylate, echazwe njengesithomalalisi esibuthathaka seentlungu. Ikhona kwi-Uribel nakwi-Uro-MP kodwa ayikho kwi-Urogesic Blue yangoku. Isigulana esitshintsha sisuka kwikhaphsuli enezithako ezintlanu siye kwipilisi enezithako ezine size siphawule ukuthomalala okuncinane kweentlungu sinomahluko ocacileyo kwileyibhile esinokuxoxa ngawo nommiseli weyeza, kungekhona imfihlakalo.

Imethylene blue inendima yokuxhasa kwezi leyibhile. Zombini iileyibhile zohlobo lwe-Uribel neleyibhile ye-Urogesic Blue ziyibiza ngokuba sisibulali-ntsholongwane esibuthathaka. Loo magama akhethwe ngabom. Awayichazi imethylene blue njengonyango oluzimeleyo lwenkqubo yokuchama, yaye akukho nanye kwezi leyibhile zintathu ethi imethylene blue yodwa inokutshintshiselana nomxube wezithako. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonisa ubukho bayo. Awulinganisi isiphumo sezinye izithako.

Ihyoscyamine sulfate inika isenzo sokunciphisa ukuxhuzula kwezihlunu. Ileyibhile iyichaza njengesithinteli senkqubo yeparasympathetic, esinciphisa iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuxhuzula kwezihlunu zesinyi. Kwaezo mpawu zokusebenza kweyeza zichaza izilumkiso ezikwileyibhile: umlomo owomileyo, ukubona luzizi, isiyezi okanye ukozela, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, nobunzima bokuchama obunokufikelela ekubambekeni komchamo ngesiquphe. Iileyibhile ziyalela izigulana ukuba ziyeke ukuthatha iyeza zize zifune unyango xa intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza, zinesiyezi, okanye zibona luzizi, yaye zichonga iglaucoma, ukuvaleka kwendlela yokwetyisa, imyasthenia gravis, nesifo sokuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo njengeemeko ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Kutheni imethylene blue yodwa ingenakuthatha indawo yala mayeza

Susa izithako ezine kwimveliso enezithako ezintlanu, yaye idayi eseleyo ayinakugcina indibaniselwano echazwe kwileyibhile. Imethenamine inika isenzo sokulwa neebhaktheriya esenziwa ngeformaldehyde. Iphosphate igcina imeko eneasidi exhomekeke kuyo eso senzo. Ihyoscyamine inika isiphumo sokunciphisa ukuxhuzula kwezihlunu. Kwi-Uribel nakwi-Uro-MP, iphenyl salicylate inika icandelo lokuthomalalisa iintlungu elichazwe kwileyibhile. Isisombululo esinesithako esinye esithengiselwa abathengi asinazo ezo ziphumo zezithako ezihamba naso ezichazwe kwileyibhile kula mandla, yaye akukho leyibhile yendibaniselwano evumayo olo tshintsho.

Uvavanyo lokhuseleko nalo luyatshintsha xa kuqwalaselwa iyeza liphela. Iinkcukacha zokumisela imethylene blue efakwa emthanjeni zinesilumkiso esikwibhokisi ngesifo seserotonin esinzima nesinokubulala xa isetyenziswa namayeza asebenza kwiserotonin kunye neeopioid. Iileyibhile zamayeza amathathu adityanisiweyo enkqubo yokuchama azinaso eso silumkiso sikwibhokisi, yaye amacandelo azo onxibelelwano lwamayeza agxile kwiziphumo zokuthintela ukusebenza kweemuscarinic receptor, kwiziphumo ze-pH yomchamo, kumngcipheko weekristale kumchamo xa isulfonamide idibana neformaldehyde, ekunganyamezeleni isalicylate, nakweminye imiba enxulumene noko. Ukungabikho kweso silumkiso akuthethi ukuba indibaniselwano enemethylene blue ivumelekile ukuba isetyenziswe kunye namayeza okudakumba. Ngenxa yokuba umngcipheko onxulumene neserotonin wemethylene blue engafakwa emthanjeni kwiidosi eziphantsi ungakaqondwa ngokupheleleyo, nabani na othatha i-SSRI, i-SNRI, i-MAOI, ilinezolid, idextromethorphan, ibupropion, iyeza elivuselelayo, okanye iopioid kufuneka acele ummiseli weyeza nosokhemesti ukuba baqale baphonononge uluhlu olupheleleyo. Isikhokelo sethu sonxibelelwano lwemethylene blue namanye amayeza sichaza ngakumbi loo ngqiqo ixhomekeke kwindlela yokunikezelwa kweyeza.

Iphepha elinye leentlobo zeempawu, hayi igama elinye lazo zonke iibhotile

Ukukhangela amayeza afana ne-Uribel angenalo igama lophawu kubangela ukubhideka okuninzi. Iyeza elinjalo elidwelisa izithako ezintlanu ezifanayo kumandla ayi-118 mg, 40.8 mg, 36 mg, 10 mg, no-0.12 mg lifanele ukuba kumqolo omnye wothelekiso ne-Uribel enegama lophawu. Igama lomenzi nombala wekhaphsuli azichazi ukuba liyeza lini. Luluhlu lwezithako olwenza oko.

I-Uro-MP ikwakumqolo omnye ngesizathu esifanayo. Ileyibhile yayo yangoku ihambelana neqela lezithako ezintlanu ze-Uribel kumandla afanayo, ngoko ukuzigcina kwiphepha elinye kuthintela ukwahlulwa okungachanekanga kweendlela ezimbini zokwakheka eziphantse zafana. I-Urogesic Blue ifuna ukuba kwakwelo phepha kodwa kumqolo owahlukileyo, kuba ipilisi yangoku yimveliso ehlaziyiweyo enezithako ezine, ene-81.6 mg yemethenamine ne-10.8 mg yemethylene blue, ngaphandle kwephenyl salicylate. Ukuthatha onke la magama mathathu njengathetha into enye kuyawuphosa loo mahluko. Uphando olunxulumene neempawu zenkqubo yokuchama lugcina olu thelekiso lujolise kumbuzo wonyango, ngoxa indlela yethu yokufunda iileyibhile ibonisa indlela yokujonga nayiphi na ibhotile oyinikiweyo uyithelekisa netheyibhile engentla.

Iibhotile ezindala zongeza omnye umgibe. Ukwakheka kweemveliso ezinengcambu zala magama eempawu kuye kwatshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha, yaye ipilisi yeminyaka eyadlulayo isenokungahambelani neleyibhile yangoku. Musa ukusebenzisa uluhlu oludala lwezithako njengolwangoku. Funda ibhotile oyiphetheyo.

Xa iimpawu zitshintsha, krokrela isithako esifanelekileyo

Utshintsho emva kokuqalisa okanye ukutshintshela kwenye yezi mveliso lufuna ukuqonda ukuba lubangelwa yintoni. Isithako ngasinye sineempawu ezisahlulayo, yaye ileyibhile inceda ukunxulumanisa umbuzo nesithako esifanelekileyo.

Ukutshisa okuncinane kodwa kuqhubeke ukungxamiseka kokuchama nokuxhuzula kwezihlunu kubonisa umahluko phakathi kwesenzo sokuthomalalisa iintlungu nesokunciphisa ukuxhuzula kwezihlunu. Iphenyl salicylate ijolise kwiintlungu ezibuthathaka, ngoxa ihyoscyamine ijolise ekuxhuzuleni kwezihlunu. Xa ukutshintshela kwi-Urogesic Blue kususa iphenyl salicylate, ukutshisa okuqhubekayo kufuna ingxoxo ethe ngqo malunga necandelo elingekhoyo lokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunokuba kunyuswe idosi yepilisi entsha.

Umlomo owomileyo oqala kutsha, ukubona izinto ezikufutshane luzizi, ukuqhina, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, okanye ubunzima bokuqalisa ukuchama kubhekisa kwihyoscyamine. Ezi ziziphumo zokuthintela ukusebenza kweemuscarinic receptor ezichazwe kwileyibhile, yaye ukubambeka komchamo kunokufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Musa ukuzama ukuzichasa ngelinye iyeza elikhulula izihlunu zesinyi ngaphandle kwegalelo lommiseleli weyeza, kuba amanye amayeza athintela ukusebenza kweemuscarinic receptor anokwandisa eso siphumo.

Irhashalala, ukukhala ezindlebeni, okanye ukunganyamezeleki kumntu onovakalelo kwiaspirin kubhekisa kwicandelo lesalicylate kwi-Uribel nakwi-Uro-MP. Iileyibhile zikhankanya ukuba izigulana ezingazinyamezeliyo iisalicylate zisenokungayinyamezeli nale nto inxulumeneyo. Ukukhetha into engenasalicylate sisigqibo sommiseleli weyeza, hayi ukuzitshintshisela ngokwakho, kuba into ethatha indawo yayo isenayo imethenamine, imethylene blue, nehyoscyamine, nazo ezinemiqathango yazo.

Imibuzo ngemichiza yomchamo onamafu inxulumene nesibini semethenamine nephosphate. Umchamo oyialkali uyayithintela indlela yokusebenza kwemethenamine echazwe kwileyibhile, yaye iileyibhile zilumkisa ukuba amayeza esulfonamide anokwenza intlenga xa edibana neformaldehyde kumchamo aze andise umngcipheko weekristale kumchamo. Eso silumkiso sichaza unxibelelwano neyeza lesulfonamide elahlukileyo. Asitsho ukuba ezi mveliso zenkqubo yokuchama ziqulethe iyeza lokubulala iibhaktheriya lohlobo lwesulfa. Yiza noluhlu olupheleleyo lwamayeza, kuquka amayeza okuthomalalisa iasidi yesisu neethiazide, xa uphononongwa. Imibuzo malunga nendlela usulelo oluqhubeka ngayo nexesha lokuphinda kunyangwe ixutyushwa kwindlela yethu yokunyamekela usulelo lwenkqubo yokuchama.

Musa ukucinga ukuba imveliso yelinye ilizwe enegama elifanayo iyafana

Indibaniselwano yezibulali-ntsholongwane nezithomalalisi zeentlungu zenkqubo yokuchama iyahluka ngokwelizwe. Imveliso ethengiswa phesheya ngegama elifanayo elibhekisa kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye kwimethenamine inokuba nezithako ezahlukileyo, iintlobo zeetyuwa ezahlukileyo, okanye amandla ahlukileyo kwiileyibhile zase-US ezithelekiswa apha. Ekuphela kothelekiso olunokuthenjwa liphetshana elikwipakethe elilungiselelwe elo lizwe okanye isishwankathelo seempawu zemveliso sephakheji kanye oyinikiweyo. Thelekisa zonke izithuba ezintlanu ezikwitheyibhile: imethenamine, uhlobo lwephosphate, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwephenyl salicylate, amandla emethylene blue, namandla ehyoscyamine. Ukuba awuzithelekisi zonke, uthelekisa udidi kuphela, hayi izithako. Iindlela zokunikwa kwamagama kumazwe ahlukeneyo zichazwe kuthelekiso lwethu lweemveliso zenkqubo yokuchama zamazwe ngamazwe.

Yiza nezinto ezintathu kwikhawuntara yekhemesti: ibhotile oyinikiweyo, uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamayeza nezongezelelo kuquka izinto ezisebenza kwiserotonin namayeza okuthomalalisa iasidi yesisu, kunye nophawu olutshintshileyo. Ezo zinto zintathu zivumela usokhemesti ukuba anxulumanise ingxaki nesithako esiyibangelayo endaweni yokuphinda axoxe ngegama lophawu.