Chinyorwa
Methylene blue trihydrate ichienzaniswa neisina mvura: fomura, huremu, uye kunyora malebhero
Mabhodhoro maviri anogona kunge akanyorwa methylene blue ose asi achida kuti ureme huremu hwakasiyana pakuedza kumwe chete. Rimwe rakanyorwa methylene blue trihydrate. Rimwe rinongoti methylene blue. Muongorori anorema 100 mg kubva mune rimwe nerimwe, ogadzira vhoriyamu imwe chete, asi owane huwandu hwedhayi pavhoriyamu hwakasiyana. Hapana chakasvibiswa uye hapana chakakanganisika pakushandisa pipeti. Hupfu huviri uhwu hunongova nehuwandu hwemvura hwakasiyana payuniti yedhayi.
Iyi ndiyo pfungwa huru pakufananidza methylene blue trihydrate nemethylene blue. Kemikari yacho imethylthioninium chloride mune zvose zviri zviviri. Chinhu chiri kuremwa chakasiyana nokuti mvura iri mumakristaro inowedzera huremu isingawedzeri dhayi. Kuti ushande nechinhu ichi nemazvo, paradzanisa pfungwa nhatu: kuzivikanwa kwehydrate, kuchena kwekemikari, uye hwaro hwekuyera. Gwaro rekemisitiri rechimiro nezvimiro zvemethylene blue rinotsanangura zvakadzama musiyano pakati pecation yedhayi nemunyu wechloride. Peji rino rinoparadzanisa munyu nemahydrate awo.
Isina mvura, hydrate, uye trihydrate zvinoreva zvimiro zvakasiyana zvinoremwa
Methylene blue chloride isina mvura ine fomura C16H18ClN3S nehuremu hwefomura 319.85 g/mol muchiratidzo chekutanga chegwaro reUSP remethylene blue. Inotsanangura munyu usina mvura yakabatana nawo mumakristaro.
Methylene blue hydrate ndiwo munyu mumwe chete wakabatana nemvura muchimiro chawo chakasimba, uchinyorwa C16H18ClN3S.xH2O. Kukosha kwex kunotaura kuti mamorekuru mangani emvura anobatana neyuniti imwe yefomura yemunyu mukuumbwa kwakatarwa. Hakutsananguri mvura inowedzerwa mumunyungudutsa.
Methylene blue trihydrate ndiyo apo x yakaenzana ne3, ichinyorwa C16H18ClN3S.3H2O kana C16H24ClN3O3S, nehuremu hwefomura 373.90 g/mol. Rekodhi rePubChem remethylene blue trihydrate rinoratidza fomura iyi nehuremu uhwu pasi peCID 104827, ukuwo rekodhi rePubChem remethylene blue richiratidza fomura yeisina mvura C16H18ClN3S nehuremu 319.9 g/mol pasi peCID 6099. Mumarekodhi ose ari maviri ayoni yedhayi haina kuchinja: cation imwe yemethylthioninium payuniti yefomura. Mvura yakabatana nayo ndiyo chete inosiyana.
Tafura yekutarisa mahydrate nehuremu
Tafura iri pasi ndiyo yekutarisa ruzivo rwepeji rino. Huremu hwefomura hwezvimiro zvemunyu hunotevera USP. Mutsara wecation wakabatanidzwa kuitira kuti kuverenga kweminyungudutsa kuve nepokutangira pakajeka.
| Chinhu chinoremwa | Fomura yakatarwa | Huremu hwefomura | Chikamu chehuremu chinoumbwa nemvura |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cation yemethylthioninium yoga | C16H18N3S+ | Inenge 284.41 g/mol | Hazvishandi; ayoni ine chaji yakapesana nemvura hazvina kubatanidzwa |
| Munyu wechloride usina mvura | C16H18ClN3S | 319.85 g/mol | 0% netsananguro yayo |
| Monohydrate | C16H18ClN3S.H2O | 337.90 g/mol | Inenge 5.3% |
| Trihydrate | C16H18ClN3S.3H2O | 373.90 g/mol | Inenge 14.5% |
| Pentahydrate | C16H18ClN3S.5H2O | 409.93 g/mol | Inenge 22.0% |
Musiyano pakushandisa wakakura. Pahuwandu hwedhayi hwakafanana, trihydrate yakakwana inorema neinenge 16.9% kupfuura munyu usina mvura wakakwana, nokuti 373.90 yakakamurwa ne319.85 yakaenzana ne1.169. Kuvhiringidza zvimiro zviviri izvi saka kunokonzera kukanganisa kweinenge 17% muhuwandu pavhoriyamu pasati patariswa chimwe chinokonzera kukanganisa.
Mienzaniso yekududzira ine kuverenga
Muenzaniso 1 unotangira pahupfu. Ngatitii chikero chinoratidza 100.0 mg yemethylene blue trihydrate yakatarwa seyakachena. Huremu hwemunyu hwakaenzana nehwemunyu usina mvura ndi100.0 mg yakapetwa ne319.85 ikakamurwa ne373.90, izvo zvakaenzana ne85.5 mg. Huwandu hwedhayi ndi0.1000 g yakakamurwa ne373.90 g/mol, izvo zvakaenzana ne267.5 micromol yecation yemethylthioninium. Iyo 14.5 mg yasara maererano nekuumbwa kwakatarwa imvura iri mumakristaro, kwete tsvina.
Muenzaniso 2 unotangira pahuwandu pavhoriyamu hunodiwa. Kuti ugadzire 1.000 liter yemunyungudutsa wedhayi we1.000 mM uchishandisa munyu usina mvura wakakwana, rema 319.85 mg. Kuti ugadzire munyungudutsa mumwe chete uchishandisa trihydrate yakakwana, rema 373.90 mg. Kuverenga kwega kwega kunofungidzira kuti chinhu chacho ihydrate yakanyatsotaurwa uye chine huwandu hwakazara hwakatarwa. Pahupfu chaihwo, gadzirisa uchishandisa chitupa chekuongorora uye simbisa kana kuongororwa kwehuwandu kuchitaurwa pachinhu sezvachakagamuchirwa, chakaomeswa, kana chisina mvura. Karukureta yemolariti yemethylene blue inoita kuti chimiro chehydrate nehwaro hwekuongorora huwandu zvitaurwe zvakajeka kuitira kuti kugadzirisa uku kusarasike pakushandura mayuniti.
Zvinovimbiswa nelebh ero nezvisingavimbiswi naro
Methylene blue trihydrate chirevo chakajeka: fomura yakatarwa C16H18ClN3S.3H2O, inowanzoverengwa pa373.90 g/mol kunze kwekunge zvinodiwa zvakatarwa zvichitaura zvakasiyana. Methylene blue hydrate haina kunyatsojeka saizvozvo. Inoratidza kuti kuve nemvura kwakatarisirwa asi, pasina nhamba, fomura, nhamba yeCAS, kana zvinodiwa zvakatarwa, haitauri kuti mvura yakawanda sei iri mufomura.
Methylene blue yoga haivimbisi kuti chinhu chacho hachina mvura. Chinyorwa chemubhuku remiyero chine musoro unoti Methylene Blue pachacho chakanyorwa seC16H18ClN3S.xH2O, x isina kutaurwa mumusoro wacho. Mazita ari mumatura edata anogonawo kutsausa. PubChem inodana rekodhi yayo yechimiro chisina mvura CID 6099 kuti methylene blue, asi maitiro iwayo ekupa zita haashanduri bhodhoro rose rekutengesa rine zita pfupi iroro kuti rive chinhu chisina mvura. Verenga pamwe chete fomura, nhamba yeCAS, zita rehydrate, kurasika kwehuremu pakuomesa kana zvinodiwa pamvura, uye hwaro hwekuongorora huwandu.
Nhamba dzeCAS dzinobatsira kana dzakakwana. Methylene blue chloride isina mvura inowanzova 61-73-4 uye trihydrate i7220-79-3. USP inoratidzawo marekodhi emonohydrate, pentahydrate, nehydrate isina chimiro chakanyatsotsanangurwa. Nokuti marekodhi akaunganidzwa mumatura edata dzimwe nguva anodzokorora nhamba imwe yeCAS pazvimiro zvakasiyana, tora CAS seuchapupu hunotsigira, kwete sechinotsiva fomura yakataurwa.
Hwaro hwekuyera: kuongorora huwandu pahwaro hwezvakaomeswa, huwandu hwemvura, uye kuchena bvunzo dzakasiyana
USP inotsanangura huwandu hwemethylene blue se97.0% kusvika 103.0% yeC16H18ClN3S, huchiverengwa pahwaro hwezvakaomeswa. Mashoko iwayo akakosha. Mhedzisiro yepahwaro hwezvakaomeswa inobvisa kurasika kwehuremu pakuomesa nenzira yemasvomhu isati yaratidza huwandu hwedhayi. Saka trihydrate yakachena nepentahydrate yakachena zvose zvinogona kusvika pedyo ne100% pahwaro hwezvakaomeswa kunyange zvazvo huremu hwazvo pamole sezvazvakagamuchirwa hwakasiyana zvikuru.
Mvura inodzorwa yoga kuburikidza nekurasika kwehuremu pakuomesa. Gwaro riripo zvino rinoomesa sampuli pa105 degrees C kwemaawa 5, richibvumira kubva pa8.0% kusvika pa24.0%. Kurasika kwehuremu pakuomesa kunoyera zvinhu zvinobuda semhute pasi pemamiriro iwayo. Haisi nzira inoyera mvura chete sezvinoitwa nekuongorora mvura kweKarl Fischer, uye haizivisi chimiro chekristaro. Naizvozvo reshiyo yepakati iri pedyo nemamorekuru matatu emvura payuniti yedhayi haisi yoga uchapupu hwekristaro yetrihydrate imwe chete yakasiyana nedzimwe. Tsvakurudzo yemethylene blue iri muchimiro chakasimba yakataura zvimiro zvinoverengeka zvehydrate nemisanganiswa yazvo, saka kuzivikanwa kwechimiro kunoda kuongororwa nekutsauka kwemwaranzi kana nekupisa kana chimiro chacho chichikosha, kwete reshiyo yepakati yemvura chete.
Kupatsanura uku kunotsanangurawo kuti sei mhedzisiro yekuongorora huwandu iri pamusoro pe100% isingorevi pakarepo kukanganisa murabhoritari. Kuverenga pahwaro hwezvakaomeswa, kugadzirisa mvura yasara, kukosha kwakapiwa chinhu chemuyero chinoshandiswa pakufananidza, kana kusawirirana kwehydrate chimwe nechimwe chinogona kushandura nhamba yacho. Kuongorora kwakadzama muchikonzero nei kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwemethylene blue kuchigona kuratidza kupfuura 100% kunoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwehwaro kunogona kutaridzika sekukanganisa kwekuchena.
Pakutenga nekuongorora kunaka, izvi zvine zvazvinoreva zvakananga. Kutevedzera USP ndiyo nzira inoita kuti mutengi awane giredhi repamusoro rekuchena riripo pamusika, nokuti zvinodiwa zvakatarwa zvinosanganisira kuzivikanwa, huwandu hwedhayi, tsvina yemakemikari eorganic, zvinonyungudutsa zvasara, tsvina yezvinhu zveelementi, zvinosara mushure mekupiswa, miganhu yehutachiona, uye maendotoxin emabhakitiriya. Vatengesi vakawanda vanoti vanotevedzera USP vanongoongorora chikamu chidiki chezviri parunyorwa irworwo. Blupreme inoongorora zvose zvinodiwa neUSP pamwe nemubatsiri anogadzira mishonga uye inoburitsa chitupa chakazara chekuongorora, kuitira kuti chimiro chehydrate, mhedzisiro yemvura, nekuongororwa kwehuwandu pahwaro hwezvakaomeswa zviverengwe pamwe chete pane kufungidzirwa kubva pale bh ero rekumberi. Paunofananidza vatengesi, kumbira zvose zviri zvitatu: fomura yehydrate yakatarwa, mhedzisiro yemvura kana yekurasika kwehuremu pakuomesa, uye kuongororwa kwehuwandu nehwaro hwako hwakataurwa.
Kuverenga lebh ero remethylene blue kamwe chete
Kutanga, tsvaga zita rehydrate nefomura. Kana lebh ero richingoti methylene blue, usafungidzira 319.85 g/mol. Chechipiri, verenga hwaro hwekuongorora huwandu. Chikamu chezana chisina mashoko anoti sezvachakagamuchirwa, chakaomeswa, kana chisina mvura hachigoni kushandiswa zvakananga pakuverenga molariti. Chechitatu, verenga mvura kana kurasika kwehuremu pakuomesa zvakasiyana netsvina. Mvura inotsanangura misiyano yehuremu pakati pezvimiro zvehydrate. Zvinhu zvine hukama nekemikari yacho, Azure B, simbi, zvinonyungudutsa, nebvunzo dzehutachiona zvinotsanangura kuchena kwekemikari nekwezvinhu zvipenyu. Chengeta mapoka maviri iwayo akaparadzana uye kupokana kunowanzoonekwa mumakatarogu kunojeka: rimwe rekodhi rinotaura cation, rimwe rinotaura munyu, uye rechitatu rinotaura trihydrate, ose ari echokwadi, nokuti nhamba imwe neimwe inotsanangura chinhu chakasiyana.