Chinyorwa
Magiredhi emethylene blue: zvinorehwa nemagiredhi ehunyanzvi, mareajenti, matangi ehove, neUSP
Chivara chemethylene blue chinogona kutsanangura zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana: zvinodiwa zvinosangana nechinhu chacho, musanganiswa uri mubhodhoro, kana mashandisirwo akarongerwa nemutengesi. Misiyano iyi ndiyo inosarudza zvaunogona kufungidzira zvine musoro kubva pamashoko akadai segiredhi rehunyanzvi, reajenti yemurabhoritari, tangi rehove, uye USP.
Izvi hazviiti nhanho imwe chete yakavimbika kubva pahutano hwakaderera kuenda pahwepamusoro. Chigadzirwa chinogona kunge chakanyatsotsanangurwa kuti chinoshandiswa kupenda sampuli pasina kugadzirwa semushonga. Mushonga wemvura wetangi rehove unogona kuva nezvinoumba zvakanyatsotaurwa pasina kuratidza kuti wakakodzera kunwiwa nevanhu. Tanga nekuona rudzi rwezvinotaurwa nechivara chimwe nechimwe.
Kuenzanisa zvinorehwa nemavara
Tafura inoparadzanisa zvinotaurwa nehumbowo hunodiwa kuti uzviongorore. Mienzaniso inoratidza mapoka, kwete kurudziro dzekutenga.
| Chivara | Zvachinokuudza | Muenzaniso kana zvinodiwa zvinoshanda | Zvachisingaratidzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Giredhi rehunyanzvi | Boka rinotsanangurwa nemutengesi, rinowanzobatanidzwa nekugadzira zvinhu kana basa remurabhoritari risingadi zvinodiwa zvakaomarara | Fisher inoisa zvigadzirwa zvegiredhi rehunyanzvi, zvemurabhoritari, nezvemareajenti pasi pehutano hunotsanangurwa nemutengesi kana pasina mwero wepamutemo wataurwa | Chikamu chezana chehuwandu chinoshanda kwese, chimiro chetsvina, kana kukodzera kumedzwa |
| Reajenti yemurabhoritari | Kemikari inopiwa kuti ishandiswe murabhoritari; zvinonyatsotaurwa nezvehutano hwayo zvinoda kujekeswa | Zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa zvemutengesi negwaro reboka rakagadzirwa zvinofanira kutsanangura miganhu inokosha | Kungosangana nezvinodiwa zveACS kana zvebhuku remiyero yemishonga |
| Reajenti yeACS | Chirevo chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zveAmerican Chemical Society zvinobata reajenti iyoyo | ACS Reagent Chemicals ine zvinodiwa zvekuchena nemaitiro ekuongorora zvinoenderana nekemikari imwe neimwe | Kukodzera kwechigadzirwa chakaputirwa kuti chishandiswe semushonga wevanhu |
| Kushandiswa mutangi rehove | Mashandisirwo akarongerwa hove kana kurapwa kwetangi rehove | Kordon inotsanangura musanganiswa wemvura we2.303% wemethylene blue chloride isina zinc | Mwero wekuchena we“giredhi rematangi ehove” unoshanda kwese kana mvumo yekushandiswa nevanhu |
| USP | Chirevo chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zveUnited States Pharmacopeia zvinoshanda pairi | Chidimbu chakabudiswa chechinyorwa chemiyero yeMethylene Blue chinotsanangura huwandu hwe97.0–103.0% hunoyerwa pahwaro hwechinhu chakaomeswa | Kuti musanganiswa wese wakapedzwa wakagadzirwa kubva pachinhu ichi hauna utachiona, wakabvumidzwa, kana kuti wakakodzera nzira ipi neipi yekupinzwa mumuviri |
| Giredhi rezvekudya | Chirevo chinoda mwero wezvekudya wakadomwa uye mashandisirwo ezvekudya akarongerwa anobvumirwa nemutemo | Bvunza mwero chaiwo, nyika kana dunhu rine mutemo wacho, uye mashandisirwo anobvumidzwa; zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu zvinoda kududzirwa zvakasiyana | Mvumo yakajairika yekudya kana kunwa methylene blue kana kuishandisa kupenda chikafu |
| Giredhi revanhu / giredhi remishonga | Mashoko etsananguro anoda kushandurwa kuva zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa zvinogona kuongororwa | Bhuku remiyero yemishonga rakadomwa, magwaro eboka rakagadzirwa, zvinodiwa zvechimiro chemushonga, uye mvumo yechigadzirwa pazvinenge zvichidiwa | Zvinodiwa zvemethylene blue zvakakwana uye zvinozvitsanangura kubva pamashoko iwayo chete |
Misiyano yemurabhoritari inotevera tsananguro dzakabudiswa neFisher dzemagiredhi emakemikari uye tsananguro yeACS yezvinodiwa zvemareajenti ayo. Mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa neyemitemo inoongororwa pasi apa.
Mavara emurabhoritari anotsanangura kukodzera kune rimwe basa
“Giredhi rereajenti yemurabhoritari” haripi ruzivo rwakakwana kunze kwekunge mutengesi atsanangura bvunzo dziri shure kwaro. Rabhoritari ingada dhayi inopenda mabhakitiriya zvakafanana nguva dzose, reajenti ine huwandu hunodzorwa hwesimbi dzinowanikwa mumwero mudiki, kana chinhu chakakodzera kuongororwa kwehuwandu. Zvinodiwa izvi zvinopindirana, asi hazvina kufanana.
Semuenzaniso chaiwo, Sigma-Aldrich M9140 methylene blue yakanyorwa seupfu hwakasimbiswa neBiological Stain Commission, hune dhayi inosvika 82% kana kupfuura, uye hunoshandiswa kupenda sampuli. Iyi itsananguro yechigadzirwa ine chekuita nemashandisirwo chaiwo. Haisi chirevo chekuti chikamu chezana chasara itsvina ine chepfu, uye haisi chirevo chekushandiswa semushonga.
Chikamu chezana chinoda tsananguro. Huwandu hwedhayi, kuchena kunoyerwa nekromatografi, uye huwandu hunoyerwa hwakagadziriswa zvichienderana nemvura zviyero zvakasiyana. Saka kuenzanisa nhamba huru pane zvinyorwa zviviri kunogona kureva kuenzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana. Bvunza kuti chii chakayerwa, nemaitiro api, uye pahwaro hupi usati waisa chimwe chigadzirwa pamusoro pechimwe.
Kushandiswa mutangi rehove hakusi giredhi rekuchena rinoshanda kwese
Ruzivo rwechigadzirwa chemethylene blue cheKordon runopa muenzaniso unobatsira wechivara chemashandisirwo akarongerwa chine zvinodiwa zvinoperekedza. Runotsanangura munyu wechloride usina zinc uri mumusanganiswa wemvura we2.303%, runodoma mashandisirwo mumatangi ehove, uye runotaura pachena kuti hausi wekudyiwa kana kunwiwa nevanhu. Runorambidzawo kushandiswa kwawo semushonga wehove dzinodyiwa.
Shoko rekuti tangi rehove rinokuudza mashandisirwo. Kuwanda kwechinhu mumusanganiswa kunokuudza kusimba kwemusanganiswa. Kuti hauna zinc kunotsanangura chikamu chimwe chechinhu chacho. Hapana chimwe chezvirevo izvi chinopa zvinodiwa zvemishonga zvakakwana.
Hazvinawo musoro kufungidzira kuti bhodhoro rega rega retangi rehove rine imwe simbi inorema kana chimwe chinhu chakawedzerwa. Simbisa zvinoumba chigadzirwa chaicho. Usatsiva humbowo husipo nekuvimbisa kana kupomera. Pazvisarudzo zvine chekuita nehove, shandisa gwaro rakasiyana remethylene blue yehove dzemumatangi.
Humbowo hunodiwa kutsigira chirevo cheUSP
Chidimbu chechinyorwa chemiyero yeUSP Methylene Blue chinotsanangura chinhu chacho uye chinopa muganhu wehuwandu hunoyerwa we97.0–103.0%, hwakaverengwa pahwaro hwechinhu chakaomeswa. Muganhu wepamusoro muganhu wekubvuma mhedzisiro yekuongorora, kwete chirevo chekuti bhodhoro rinogona kuva nezvinhu zvinodarika 100%. Kutsanangura kuti zviri pahwaro hwechinhu chakaomeswa kunokoshawo pakuenzanisa chinhu chine mvura yakasungwa muchimiro chacho nemhedzisiro yehuwandu hwedhayi yakayerwa sezvayakapihwa.
Chidimbu ichi hachisi chinyorwa chemiyero chakazara. Mhedzisiro imwe chete yehuwandu hunoyerwa yakapasa haigoni kuratidza kuti zvinodiwa zvese zvinoshanda zvakasangana. Bvunza kuti ndeipi shanduro kana zvinodiwa zvaishanda zvakashandiswa, uye kumbira magwaro ane chekuita neboka rakagadzirwa rawakapiwa. Tsananguro yakasiyana yemethylene blue yegiredhi reUSP inotsanangura musiyano uyu zvakadzama.
Onawo kuti chirevo chacho chinobata chii. “Yakagadzirwa nemethylene blue yegiredhi reUSP” ine chekuita nechimwe chezvinoumba chigadzirwa. Kunyungudutsa, kuisa mumidziyo, uye kuchengetedza chinhu ichocho kunounza mimwe mibvunzo pamusoro pechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, kusanganisira kuwanda kwacho mumusanganiswa, zvimwe zvinoumba, kudzora kusvibiswa, kurongedza, uye kuramba kwakagadzikana.
Chivara chechigadzirwa chemushonga chinopa zvakanyatsotsanangurwa kupfuura izvi. Chivara cheProvayBlue cha2024 chakachengetwa pawebhusaiti yeFDA chinotsanangura musanganiswa usina utachiona wekupinzwa mutsinga une 5 mg/mL yemethylene blue nemvura yekubaya jekiseni, kusimba kwacho kuchitsanangurwa maererano nechimiro chetrihydrate. Aya mashoko echigadzirwa uye enzira yekupinzwa mumuviri. Chirevo cheUSP pamusoro pechinhu chiri muchigadzirwa chinotengeswa muchitoro hachipi mashoko aya.
Nei mashoko egiredhi rezvekudya negiredhi revanhu achida kunyatsoongororwa
Giredhi rezvekudya rinofanira kunongedzera kumwero chaiwo uye mashandisirwo anobvumidzwa muzvekudya, kwete kungotenda kuti kemikari yebhuruu inodyiwa. Pfupiso yeFDA yezvinowedzerwa zvinopa ruvara zvinobvumidzwa hainyori methylene blue sechinopa ruvara chakabvumidzwa muchikafu chevanhu. Mvumo yeboka rimwe kana mashandisirwo mamwe haigoni kuendeswa kune mamwe.
Pane mumwe musungo pamhedzisiro yekutsvaga: methylene blue inowanikwa murondedzero yeFDA yezvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu, iyo inonongedzera kune mumwe mutemo chaiwo uye inoudza vaverengi kuti vaongorore mashandisirwo avakaronga. Kuva murondedzero yezvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu hakusi mvumo yakazara yekuwedzera chinhu chacho muchikafu kana kuchimedza. Mienzaniso iyi ine chekuita neUnited States; mutengesi anotengesera mumwe musika anofanira kudoma zvinodiwa zvinoshanda munyika kana mudunhu racho.
“Giredhi revanhu” ne“giredhi remishonga” zvinodawo mashoko anozvitsigira. Kumbira mutengesi kudoma zvinodiwa uye kutsanangura nzira yakarongerwa yekupinza chigadzirwa chakapedzwa mumuviri pamwe nemamiriro acho maererano nemitemo. Sezvo FDA ichitsanangura pamusoro pemvumo yechigadzirwa, kunyoresa nzvimbo inogadzira kana kuisa mushonga murondedzero hakuratidzi pachako kuti wakabvumidzwa. Chirevo chehutano hwechigadzirwa hachigonawo kusarudza kana mushonga wakakodzera mumwe munhu.
Verenga magwaro nenzira iyi
- Mashandisirwo akarongerwa: Chivara chaicho chinobata mashandisirwo aunoda here?
- Musanganiswa wechigadzirwa: Uhwu upfu here kana musanganiswa wemvura, uye zvine kuwanda kwakadii, zvinoumbwa nei, uye zviri muchimiro chipi chekemikari?
- Zvinodiwa: Ndeupi mwero wakadomwa kana miganhu yemutengesi inoshanda, uye inobata chinhu chinoumba chigadzirwa here kana chigadzirwa chakapedzwa?
- Humbowo hweboka rakagadzirwa: Gwaro racho rinodoma boka rechigadzirwa chako uye rinopa maitiro, miganhu, nemhedzisiro yebvunzo dzakakodzera here?
Shandisa gwaro rekuverenga chitupa chekuongororwa kwemethylene blue kuti uongorore danho rekupedzisira. Mhinduro inobatsira inobatanidza chivara, zvinodiwa, neboka rakagadzirwa. Shoko rekurumbidza rinoyemurika harigoni kuzadza mukaha uri pakati pazvo.