Methylene Blue neHIV: Zvinonyatsoratidzwa Netsvakurudzo dzePlasma

Methylene blue haisi nzira yakasimbiswa yekurapa HIV, uye methylene blue inonwiwa kana inotengeswa muzvitoro haifaniri kutsiva mishonga inorwisa maretrovirus yakanyorerwa nemurapi. Tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti methylene blue nechiedza zvinogona kuderedza kukwanisa kweHIV kutapurira mumuenzaniso weplasma inopindura mumwe mubvunzo: nzira yekugadzirisa inogona here kuita kuti chigadzirwa cheropa chive chakachengeteka zvikuru chisati chashandiswa?

Musiyano uyu unobva pane chakashandiswa nzira yacho. Mudziyo une plasma uri kunze kwemuviri. Munhu ane HIV ane utachiona hunosanganisira masero mapenyu nenyama yemuviri. Kushandisa zvakabuda mune imwe yemamiriro aya kune imwe kunoda uchapupu hunobva pavarwere, kwete kungofanana kwezita rekemikari.

Zvakayerwa mukuedza kwekutanga kweplasma

Mukuyedza kwaLambrecht nevamwe muna 1994, vatsvakurudzi vakawedzera HIV-1 yakawanda zvikuru muplasma yemunhu yakanga yaomeswa nechando ichiri nyowani. Vakaisa muenzaniso uyu pachiedza chinooneka uine 1 micromolar yemethylene blue. Kukwanisa kutapurira kwakaongororwa nekuyera pamatanho ekusanganisa uchishandisa masero eMT-4, rudzi rwemasero anokuriswa murabhoritari.

Kuderedzwa kwakashumwa kwaiva 4.3 log10 mushure memaminitsi mashanu uye kanenge 6.32 log10 mushure memaminitsi gumi, apo kukwanisa kutapurira kwaiva pasi pemuganhu waigona kuonekwa nebvunzo. Methylene blue isina chiedza, uye chiedza chisina dhayi, chimwe nechimwe chaingova nemhedzisiro diki. Nzira yakaedzwa yaiva yekuzvishandisa pamwe chete.

Kuderedzwa kwe log10 kunotsanangura kuderera nematanho anobva pakuwanda zvakapetwa negumi: kuderedzwa kwematanho matanhatu e log kunoenderana nekuderedzwa zvakapetwa nemiriyoni. Mashoko okuti “pasi pemuganhu wekuonekwa” anoreva kuti bvunzo yakanga isisakwanisi kuona chinhu chayaiyera pasi pemamiriro ayo ekuyedza. Hazviratidzi kuti utachiona hwakanga husipo zvachose kana kuti paiva nekupora.

Izvi zvaiva zviyero zvemuenzaniso wakanga wawedzerwa utachiona nemaune pakuyedza. Hapana munhu akapinda mutsvakurudzo akanwa methylene blue, uye chinyorwa chacho hachina kushuma kuderera kwehuwandu hweHIV mumurwere paaiva achirapwa.

Tafura yeuchapupu hwemurabhoritari nehwevarwere

Verenga mutsara mumwe nomumwe kubva kuruboshwe kusvika kurudyi usati waenzanisa zvakabuda. Chinhu chakadzidzwa, nzira yekuchiisa pachinoshandiswa, nechinhu chakayerwa zvinofanira zvose kuenderana nezviri kutaurwa.

Mamiriro euchapupu	Chinhu kana boka revanhu rakadzidzwa	Zvakashandiswa uye nzira yekuzvishandisa	Zvakabuda nezvazvinoreva
Kuedza kweplasma muna 1994	Plasma yemunhu yakawedzerwa HIV-1	Dhayi yakaiswa zvakananga mumuenzaniso, ichiteverwa nechiedza chinooneka	Kukwanisa kutapurira masero akakuriswa murabhoritari kwakaderera. Zvinoratidza kushanda pasi pemamiriro iwayo emuenzaniso, kwete kurapa mumuviri wose.
Tsvakurudzo yekusefa nechiedza muna 2000	Plasma ine HIV isiri mumasero kana masero akakuriswa ane utachiona	Kusefa kubvisa masero, kwozotevera methylene blue nechiedza kunze kwemuviri	Yakaedza kubviswa kwekukwanisa kutapurira muplasma yakagadziriswa. Danho rekusefa chikamu chenzira yakashandiswa.
Zvinotaurwa nezvemethylene blue inonwiwa pakurapa HIV	Munhu ane HIV	Chigadzirwa chakamedzwa; kuti chinosvika sei mumuviri wose zvaizoda kuongororwa	Kuedza kweplasma kwakataurwa hakupi zvakabuda pamusoro pehuwandu hweutachiona muvarwere, kudzoreredzwa kwemasimba ekudzivirira zvirwere, kana kubatsira varwere kuburikidza nenzira iyi.
Kuedza kwemazino kwekurapa nechiedza panzvimbo imwe chete	Vanhu vane HIV nekuzvimba kwenyama inotsigira mazino	Methylene blue nekurapa nelaser panzvimbo imwe chete pamwe nekuchenesa nzvimbo dzakatenderedza mazino	Zviyero zvenyama inotsigira mazino zvakaongorora kurapwa kwematadza. Kupinza vanhu vane HIV mutsvakurudzo hakuiti kuti HIV ive ndiyo iri kurapwa.
Kurapa HIV kwakasimbiswa	Vanhu vakaonekwa kuti vane HIV	Mishonga inorwisa maretrovirus yakanyorerwa uye yakasarudzirwa munhu wacho	Kuramba HIV RNA muplasma yakadzvinyirirwa, mashandiro emasimba ekudzivirira zvirwere, nezvakabuda pautano hwevarwere zvinotungamirira kuongororwa kwekushanda kwekurapa.

Mutsara wechipiri unoreva tsvakurudzo yekusefa yaAbe nevamwe. Yakanangana nemaune nechimwe chaikanganisa kurapwa kweplasma nechiedza, nekubvisa masero isati yaiswa pachiedza. Zvakabuda pakushandisa sefa nechiedza pamwe chete hazvigoni kunzi zvakakonzerwa nedhayi yakamedzwa yoga.

Mutsara wemazino unoreva kuedza kwemwedzi mitanhatu kwakabatanidza vanhu 12 vane HIV. Kwakaenzanisa kuchenesa nzvimbo dzakatenderedza mazino kwakawedzerwa kana kusina kuwedzerwa kurapa nechiedza panzvimbo imwe chete mumiromo yevanhu vakapinda mutsvakurudzo. Zvakayerwa zvaisanganisira kudzika kwaipinda mudziyo wekuyera uye mwero wekubatana kwenyama inotsigira zino, kwete uchapupu hwekuti methylene blue yakadzora utachiona hweHIV mumuviri wose.

Nei zvakabuda muplasma zvisingasimbisi kurapa mumunhu

Chinhu chekutanga chisina uchapupu inzira yekusvitsa chinoshandiswa kunzvimbo yacho. Mumuenzaniso wemurabhoritari, vatsvakurudzi vanodzora zvakananga kusangana kwedhayi, utachiona, nechiedza. Kumedza chigadzirwa kunochinja nzira nemamiriro acho. Zvinotaurwa nezvekurapa kwekunwa zvaizoda uchapupu hwekuti musanganiswa wakapiwa unosvika kunzvimbo dzinodiwa, unopa mhedzisiro inobatsira yekurwisa utachiona ikoko, uye unoita izvozvo wakachengeteka pamwero unogamuchirika. Kuedza kweplasma hakupi chero chimwe chezviyero izvozvo zvemurwere.

Chinhu chechipiri chisina uchapupu utachiona hwacho. Tsananguro yeNIH yenzvimbo dzinoramba dzine HIV yakavanda inotsanangura masero ane utachiona anogona kuramba aripo apo kurapa kunoshanda kunodzvinyirira kugadzirwa kweutachiona. Kubvisa kukwanisa kutapurira mumuenzaniso wemvura yakaparadzaniswa hakuratidzi kubviswa kwemasero iwayo mumunhu. Kunyange huwandu hweutachiona husingaonekwi mubvunzo yemurwere hahurevi kuti HIV yabviswa zvachose.

Chinhu chechitatu chisina uchapupu ndicho chinoyerwa. Bvunzo yekukwanisa kutapurira inoedza kuti muenzaniso unogona here kutapurira masero emurabhoritari. Bvunzo yehuwandu hweutachiona mumurwere inoyera HIV RNA mumuenzaniso weropa wakatorwa kumurwere. Nhungamiro yeNIH yekuongorora inosiyanisa kuyera RNA uku nekuverenga masero eCD4, uko kunobatsira kuongorora mashandiro emasimba ekudzivirira zvirwere. Zviyero izvi zvinopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana uye hazvigoni kutsivana.

Zvakawanikwa pazvigadzirwa zveropa zvinodawo kunzwisiswa nemiganhu yazvo. Ongororo yakaburitswa yekutapurirana kuburikidza nekuisirwa ropa yakanyora nezvekutapurirwa kweHIV kwaisanganisira plasma yakagadziriswa nemethylene blue kubva muropa rakapiwa muna 2005. Mushumo iwoyo haubvisi zvakabuda murabhoritari zvekuita kuti utachiona husakwanise kutapurira; unodzivirira kuzvitora sevimbiso inoshanda mumamiriro ose. Nzira dzekugadzirisa nekusimbiswa kwekushanda kwadzo zvinokurukurwa mugwaro rakasiyana rekuderedza utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere muplasma nemethylene blue.

Zvinotsigirwa nenhungamiro yazvino yekurapa HIV

Kurudziro yeNIH yekutanga mishonga inorwisa maretrovirus, yakagadziridzwa musi wa25 Gunyana 2025, inokurudzira ART kuvanhu vose vane HIV uye kutanga pakarepo kana nokukurumidza sezvinobvira mushure mekunge vaonekwa kuti vanayo. Zvinangwa zvinosanganisira kuramba utachiona hwakadzvinyirirwa, kuderedza kurwara nekufa, uye kudzivirira kutapurirana. Kusarudzwa kwekurapa kunofungawo nezvemamiriro eutano hwemunhu wacho.

Hapana uchapupu hwetsvakurudzo yevarwere hunosimbisa kuti methylene blue inotengeswa muzvitoro uye inomedzwa inzira inoshanda yekurapa HIV hwakawanikwa mumanyuko akaongororwa pachinyorwa ichi. Aya mashoko ari pamusoro peuchapupu hwakawanikwa, kwete kutaura kuti zvose zvingabuda mutsvakurudzo dzemangwana zvakatogadziriswa. Zvinyorwa zvemurabhoritari zvakurukurwa pano hazvigoni kutsigira kutsiva ART, kuwedzera methylene blue kuti HIV idzorwe, kana kutaura kuti inoporesa.

Nhungamiro yeNIH yekumbomisa kurapa inotaura kudzokazve kwehuwandu hweutachiona, kuderera kwemasimba ekudzivirira zvirwere, uye kuwedzera kwekurwara sezvinhu zvinogona kuitika. Ramba uchishandisa kurapa HIV kwawakanyorerwa uye uya nezvose zvauri kufunga kuwedzera kuchikwata chinokuchengetera HIV kuti zviongororwe.

Maitiro ekuongorora zvinotaurwa nezvekurapa

Kumbira tsvakurudzo chaiyo, wozotsvaga zvinhu zvina: ndiani kana chii chakadzidzwa, chii chakapiwa, chakapiwa nenzira ipi, uye chii chakachinja. “Plasma yemunhu” inotsanangura kwakabva muenzaniso; hazvirevi hazvo kuti kwaiva kuedza kwekurapa vanhu. “Varwere vane HIV” inotsanangura vakapinda mutsvakurudzo; hazvirevi hazvo kuti HIV ndiyo yaiva chirwere chairapwa.

Shandisa rondedzero yekuongorora mirayiridzo yemethylene blue iri paindaneti kuti uongorore zvinyorwa zvinonzi zvinotsigira zvinotaurwa. Pakukurukura nemurapi, tora zvakanyorwa pachigadzirwa nelinki yetsvakurudzo uende nazvo paunosangana naye, uchishandisa mibvunzo iyi yekubvunza murapi nezvemethylene blue. Mubvunzo wakakodzera ndewekuti uchapupu hunotsigira here nzira iyoyo chaiyo kuti ibudise mhedzisiro iyoyo chaiyo mumurwere.