Ubururu bwa Metilene: Utuyunguruzo, Ibimera, Shirimpu, Amazi y'Inyanja

Ifi yo mu bwoko bwa tetra irwaye ituma hibazwa ibibazo bibiri bitandukanye. Icya mbere ni ukumenya niba ubururu bwa metilene bukwiriye ikibazo ifite. Icya kabiri ni ukumenya niba ikigega kibamo gishobora na gato kwakira ubururu bwa metilene. Kwitiranya ibyo bibazo byombi ni byo bitera ibibazo byinshi byo kudahuza n'ibiri mu kigega.

Kuvura bigizwe n'ibintu bibiri: ikinyabutabire n'urusobe rw'ibintu gishyirwamo. Ikigega cyo kuvuriramo kitarimo ibindi bintu n'ikigega kirimo ibimera, amafi y'amoko atandukanye n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rumaze gukura, ni ibintu bitandukanye nubwo byaba birimo ubwoko bumwe bw'amafi. Amabwiriza yandikiwe kimwe ntashobora guhita akoreshwa ku kindi. Aka gatabo gafata uguhuza kw'ubururu bwa metilene n'ibiri mu kigega nk'ikintu gishingiye ku rusobe rwacyo, kakifashisha ikirango cy'igicuruzwa kimwe kandi kakerekana aho ibimenyetso bidahagije.

Icyo ikirango gifatirwaho kivuga

Amakuru ya Kordon ku gicuruzwa cy'ubururu bwa metilene asobanura umuti uvanganye n'amazi ku kigero cya 2.303% ugenewe amafi yo kurimbisha. Aho uvugwa ko ukoreshwa harimo amagi y'amafi, ibibazo by'uduhumyo two ku ruhu, protozowa zimwe zo ku mubiri w'ifi, no gufasha mu gihe byemejwe ko ifi yarozwe na nitriti cyangwa siyanide. Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, inzoka z'indiririzi zo mu bwoko bwa fluke, Oodinium n'indwara z'uduhumyo zimaze gukomera ntibiri kuri urwo rutonde.

Ayo mabwiriza kandi arimo imiburo ku bijyanye no guhuza n'ibiri mu kigega. Kordon ivuga ko icyo gicuruzwa kitagomba gukoreshwa mu bigega bishingira ku kuyungurura gukorwa n'ibinyabuzima, ko gishobora kubangamira imikurire isanzwe y'ibimera, ko karubone ikora ikikuraho, kandi ko amabuye arimo utwenge, korali n'ibiti bikinyunyuza. Kuvura bigomba gukorerwa mu bigega bitarimo ibindi bintu; silikoni ishobora gufata ibara burundu, kandi gusukura bisaba guhindura amazi no gushyiramo karubone nshya.

Izo nteruro zisubiza ibibazo bibiri bikunze gushakirwa ibisubizo. Niba ubaza uko ubururu bwa metilene bugira ingaruka ku kayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima, igisubizo cy'uwabukoze ni ukuburinda ako kayunguruzo. Niba ubaza niba ushobora gukoresha ubururu bwa metilene mu kigega kirimo ibimera, igisubizo ni uko kubangamira imikurire yabyo biteganyijwe. Ibikurikira bisobanura impamvu n'aho kwitonda bigomba gusimbura amakuru abura.

Gusuzuma indwara n'ubuziranenge bw'amazi bibanziriza iri genzura, nk'uko bisobanurwa mu kiganiro ku bururu bwa metilene ku mafi yo mu bigega. Amakosa y'igipimo cy'ubururu bwa metilene mu mazi atuma kudahuza n'ibiri mu kigega birushaho gukomera avugwa mu nyandiko yifashishwa ku gutanga ingano nyayo. Impamvu zo gutandukanya amagi n'ibindi mu gihe cyo kuvura zo ziri mu gatabo ko kuvura mu bworozi bwo guturagamo amagi y'amafi.

Imbonerahamwe y'uguhuza n'ibiri mu kigega

Ijambo "Ntibiramenyekana" riri aha hepfo ni umwanzuro, si icyuho mu mbonerahamwe. Risobanura ko nta gerageza ryakorewe mu kigega cy'amafi mu buryo bugenzurwa ritanga ishingiro ryo gushyira ibyo binyabuzima muri uwo muti; bityo, gutandukanya ni byo bibanza gukorwa.

Ikigize urusobe rw'ikigega	Umwanzuro	Ishingiro n'uko bikorwa
Akayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima kamaze gukura	Irinde kubukoresha mu kigega cyo kwerekanamo amafi	Bubangamira ihindurwa rya amoniya mo nitriti na nitrati. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwo mu mazi meza bwagaragaje iminsi 16 iryo hindurwa ridakorwa nyuma yo gushyiramo 5 mg/L rimwe gusa. Vurira mu kigega cyihariye; mu kigega cyose cyagezwemo n'umuti, pima amoniya na nitriti kugeza bisubiye ku kigero gisanzwe.
Ibimera bizima	Irinde kubukoresha mu kigega cyo kwerekanamo amafi	Kordon iburira ko bubangamira imikurire. Amakuru ku bimera bito bireremba ku mazi bya duckweed agaragaza ko imikurire igabanuka kuri 50 mg/L, igipimo kiri hejuru cyane y'igikoreshwa mu kuvura. Nta makuru ava mu magerageza agenzurwa ku bimera bya Anubias, Cryptocoryne cyangwa Java fern kuri 1 kugeza kuri 3 mg/L. Kubura amakuru ku bwoko runaka ntibivuga ko nta ngaruka.
Shirimpu, Neocaridina na Caridina	Ntibiramenyekana, bifate nk'ibinyabuzima byoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka	Nta makuru ava mu magerageza agenzurwa ku ngano ihabwa shirimpu zo kurimbisha. Amakuru ku bindi binyabuzima bifite igikonoshwa bifitanye isano na zo aravuguruzanya: Daphnia zigirwaho ingaruka ku bipimo bya mikorogarama, mu gihe shirimpu zo mu muryango wa penaeid zihanganira ibipimo biri hejuru cyane. Ntushyire shirimpu mu mazi akoreshwa mu kuvura.
Imisimba	Ntibiramenyekana, yifate nk'ibinyabuzima byoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka	Nta makuru y'ingirakamaro ku ngano yo kuvura imisimba isanzwe yo mu bigega by'amafi. Ntufate ingano ihabwa amafi nk'ikimenyetso cy'uko nta ngaruka ku misimba.
Ibikamba byo mu mazi meza n'ibindi binyabuzima bifite igikonoshwa	Ntibiramenyekana, bifate nk'ibinyabuzima byoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka	Uko bigirwaho ingaruka biratandukanye cyane hagati y'amatsinda y'ibinyabuzima, bityo ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku itsinda rimwe ntibishobora kwitirirwa irindi. Bitandukanye n'ibivurwa.
Ibindi binyabuzima bidafite urutirigongo	Ntibiramenyekana, bifate nk'ibinyabuzima byoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka	"Ubururu bwa metilene ku binyabuzima bidafite urutirigongo" si ikintu cyakwemezwa kimwe kuri byose. Banza ubishyire ukwabyo.
Amafi adafite amagaragamba, amafi yo mu bwoko bwa loach, inkube nyinshi	Witonde, suzuma buri bwoko ukwabwo	Ibipimo ntarengwa by'irangi ritavanze n'ibindi ntibiramenyekana neza. Inyandiko zisesengura ubushakashatsi zivuga ko uburozi bwaryo buri munsi y'ubwa malachite green, ariko zikavuga ko hari amafi y'amoko amwe yapfuye; amagerageza aboneka ku nkube avanga irangi n'umunyu. Shaka inama y'umuganga w'amatungo yihariye ku bwoko bw'ifi.
Amafi yo mu mazi y'inyanja, ikigega cyo gushyira amafi ukwayo kitarimo ibindi bintu	Ikirango kirimo amafi yo mu nyanja, ariko mu kigega cyo kuyashyira ukwayo gusa	Koresha ikigega cyo kuvuriramo kirimo amafi gusa, cyongerwamo umwuka kandi gikurikiranwa. Ibi ntibivuga ko nta ngaruka ku rusobe rwa korali.
Ikigega cyo kwerekanamo urusobe rwa korali, korali, amabuye arimo ibinyabuzima	Irinde	Amabuye arimo ibinyabuzima akenshi ni yo akora nk'akayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima; nk'uko Kordon ibivuga, korali n'amabuye birimo utwenge binyunyuza irangi, kandi byagaragajwe ko ihindurwa rya amoniya mo nitriti na nitrati mu mazi y'inyanja ribangamirwa. Igerageza rimwe kuri korali yoroshye ku kigero kingana hafi na kimwe cya cumi cy'igikoreshwa mu kuvura ntirihagije kwemeza ko nta ngaruka.
Karubone, ibikoresho biyungurura birimo utwenge, silikoni	Bikuremo cyangwa wemere ko irangi rishobora kuvamo no gusiga ibara	Karubone ikuraho irangi mu gihe cyo kuvura kandi ni yo ivugwa nk'igikoresho cyo gusukura nyuma yaho. Ibikoresho birimo utwenge birarinyunyuza; silikoni ishobora gufata ibara.
Igikoresho gikuraho poroteyine mu ifuro	Ntibiramenyekana	Nta makuru yizewe ku ngaruka z'irangi ritavanze n'ibindi kuri icyo gikoresho. Ibicuruzwa bivangamo ibintu byinshi bisaba abakoresha guhagarika icyo gikoresho birimo ibindi binyabutabire, kandi nta cyo byemeza ku bururu bwa metilene bwonyine.

Inyandiko yifashishwa ku kwirinda ingaruka ku moko yoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka no ku binyabuzima bidafite urutirigongo ikusanya ibyo bitazwi mu buryo burambuye.

Impamvu akayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima ari ko k'ingenzi kurusha ibindi

Ibinyabuzima bihindura amoniya mo nitriti na nitrati bitunganya amoniya na nitriti mu gihe amafi akomeza gusohora imyanda. Bityo, kubangamira ibyo binyabuzima bitera ikindi kibazo cyihutirwa mu gihe icya mbere kitarakemuka. Amabwiriza ya UF/IFAS ku binyabutabire mu bigega bizengurutsamo amazi ashyira ubururu bwa metilene mu bibangamira akayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima kandi agasaba kuvurira amafi mu bigega byatandukanijwe n'urusobe ruzengurutsa amazi, no guhindura amazi menshi mbere yo kubihuza na rwo.

Uko ibinyabuzima bigirwaho ingaruka biratandukanye bitewe n'itsinda ryabyo. Ubushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari bwagaragaje ko ikinyabuzima kimwe cyo mu nyanja gihindura amoniya kiyifatanyije na ogisijeni cyabangamiwe ku kigero cy'ibice 10 muri miliyari, mu gihe ikindi cyasabaga ibice 10 muri miliyoni. Uturemangingo tumwe twarapfuye aho kuba twarahagaritse gukora by'igihe gito gusa. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu mazi y'inyanja bwanagaragaje ko ihindurwa rya amoniya rikoresheje ogisijeni ryakomeje kubangamirwa na nyuma yo gusimbuza amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvura.

Nta gihe rusange kizwi akayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima gafata kugira ngo kongere gukora neza nyuma y'ubururu bwa metilene. Iyo minsi 16 ni icyavuye mu bushakashatsi bumwe bwo mu mazi meza, ku ngano imwe yashyizwemo; si isezerano, kandi ntigomba na rimwe gufatwa nk'igihe gisanzwe cyo gutegereza. Fata akayunguruzo kagezwemo n'umuti nk'akabangamiwe kugeza ibipimo byerekanye ibinyuranye: pima amoniya na nitriti buri munsi, ukomeze gutuma ogisijeni iba nyinshi, kandi ntufate kugabanuka kw'ibara ry'ubururu nk'ikimenyetso. Karubone no guhindura amazi bikuraho ibara; gupima ni byo byonyine byerekana ko utunyabuzima twongeye gukora neza. Agatabo ka UF/IFAS ku buzima bw'amafi gashyira gupima amazi imbere iyo amafi agaragara nk'arwaye, kandi amabwiriza yako kuri amoniya avuga ko amoniya yangiza itagira ibara cyangwa impumuro.

Ibimera, shirimpu, imisimba n'amafi adafite amagaragamba

Ku bigega birimo ibimera, umuburo w'uwakoze igicuruzwa ni cyo kimenyetso gikomeye kurusha ibindi gihita kiba ingirakamaro. Icyavuye mu bushakashatsi kuri duckweed cyerekana ko uburyo bwo kubangamira imikurire bushoboka, ariko ntigishyiraho igipimo ntarengwa ku moko y'ibimera byo mu bigega by'amafi ku kigero gikoreshwa mu kuvura. Vurira hanze y'ikigega cyo kwerekanamo amafi kirimo ibimera.

Ku bijyanye na shirimpu n'imisimba, nta ngano izwi idateza ingaruka yatangwa. Ibibazo "Ese ubururu bwa metilene ntibugirira nabi shirimpu?" na "Ese ubururu bwa metilene ntibugirira nabi imisimba?" byombi bisubizwa ko bitaramenyekana. Mu bikorwa, ibyo bivuga ko bigomba kurindwa irangi. Ntukongere gukoresha amazi yo kuvura mu guhindura amazi yo mu bindi bigega, kandi inshundura n'imiyoboro yo gukurura amazi ikoreshwa mu kuvura ubibike ukwabyo.

Amafi adafite amagaragamba akeneye gusuzumwa buri bwoko ukwabwo. Kwihanganira umuti biterwa n'igihe awumazemo kimwe n'igipimo cyawo: amafi ya zahabu yamaze iminsi 21 muri 2 mg/L yagaragaje impinduka mu mikurire no mu mikorere y'umubiri. Icyo gihe kirenze cyane icyiciro cyo kuvura cy'iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5, ariko cyerekana ko amakuru ku kuvura kw'igihe gito atareba igihe kirekire cyo kumara mu muti. Ntugakoreshe ingano igenewe amafi afite amagaragamba ku ifi yo mu bwoko bwa loach cyangwa ku nkube idafite amagaragamba. Ntugakomatanye umunyu n'irangi utabanje kugirwa inama, kuko amagerageza y'uruvange atagaragaza igipimo ntarengwa cy'irangi ryonyine.

Ibigega by'amazi y'inyanja ni umwihariko

"Ubururu bwa metilene ku mafi yo mu mazi y'inyanja" bivuga kuvurira amafi ukwayo, si ukubukoresha mu bworozi bw'urusobe rwa korali. Ikigega kitarimo ibindi bintu kandi kirimo amafi gusa kigira ingano y'amazi yapimwe, kongerwamo umwuka, kandi nta bice bigize urusobe rwa korali. Ikigega cyo kwerekanamo urusobe rwa korali kiba kirimo korali, ibinyabuzima bifite umubiri woroshye byo mu itsinda rya mollusca, ibinyabuzima bifite igikonoshwa, amabuye arimo ibinyabuzima akora umurimo wo kuyungurura, n'igikoresho gikuraho poroteyine mu ifuro kitazwi neza uko gikorana n'irangi. Ibyabaye mu kigega cy'amazi meza kirimo amoko atandukanye ntibishobora kwitirirwa ibi, kuko ibinyabuzima, akayunguruzo n'ubuso bufata irangi byose bitandukanye.

Shyira amafi ukwayo kandi ntugire icyo uhindura ku rusobe rwa korali. Ntukegereze amazi yo kuvura ikigega cyo hasi gihuza ibikoresho byo kuyungurura amazi y'ikigega cyo kwerekanamo amafi.

Gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura bwirinda ibibazo byinshi

Koresha ikigega cyabugenewe cyo kuvuriramo kitarimo ibindi bintu igihe cyose ikigega cyo kwerekanamo amafi kirimo akayunguruzo k'ibinyabuzima kamaze gukura, ibimera, shirimpu, imisimba, amabuye arimo ibinyabuzima cyangwa korali. Ibyo bireba hafi buri kigega cyo kwerekanamo amafi. Kuramo karubone mu gihe umuti urimo, ukomeze kuyungurura ukuraho imyanda no kongeramo umwuka aho amabwiriza abyemera, kandi upime ingano nyakuri y'amazi akoreshwa mu kuvura ukoresheje ibipimo biri ku kirango. Nyuma y'igihe cyo kuvura cyagenwe, hindura amazi ushyiremo karubone nshya, hanyuma ukurikirane ukwabyo ifi ivurwa n'urusobe rw'ikigega nyamukuru.

Mbere yo gushyiramo umuti, andika ikibazo gihari, igicuruzwa nyacyo n'igipimo cyacyo, ingano y'amazi yapimwe, igihe cyo kuvura n'umugambi wo gukurikirana ibibaho. Niba imbonerahamwe iri haruguru igaragaza ko hari ikinyabuzima cyo mu kigega kitazwi uko cyakira umuti, uwo murongo wonyine urahagije kugira ngo ukoreshe ikigega cyihariye. Menya niba umuti uhuza n'ibiri mu kigega mbere y'uko amazi ahinduka ubururu.