Methylene blue n'igicuri: uburyo bwo kwigana gufatwa n'igicuri n'ibimenyetso ku bantu

Umuntu wita ku murwayi ushakisha amakuru kuri methylene blue n'igicuri abona amagambo abiri asa n'avuguruzanya. Amwe avuga ko methylene blue yagabanyije gufatwa n'igicuri mu mbeba. Andi avuga ko hari ikintu gisa no gufatwa n'igicuri cyatangajwe ku murwayi wahawe methylene blue. Byombi bishobora kuba ukuri icyarimwe, kuko bisubiza ibibazo bitandukanye mu mimerere itandukanye.

Urujijo ruva mu gufata «methylene blue no gufatwa n'igicuri» nk'igitekerezo kimwe. Ni bibiri. Icya mbere kibaza niba methylene blue, itanzwe mu mimerere igenzurwa, ihindura ibipimo byo gufatwa n'igicuri mu buryo bwo kwigana iyo ndwara mu nyamaswa. Icya kabiri kibaza niba abantu bahabwa uwo muti kubera izindi mpamvu barigeze bafatwa n'igicuri nk'ingaruka zitifuzwa. Iyi ngingo itandukanya ibyo bibazo byombi, igasuzuma ibyakozwe koko mu bushakashatsi bubiri bwo gufatwa n'igicuri bukunda kuvugwa cyane, ikanagaragaza neza ibyo buterekana. Ku makuru y'ibanze, reba incamake yagutse y'ubushakashatsi kuri methylene blue; ku buryo bwo gusuzuma ubushakashatsi, reba umurongo ngenderwaho wo gusoma ubushakashatsi kuri methylene blue.

Ubushakashatsi bubiri, mu buryo bufatika

Nta gerageza ku bantu ryigeze risuzuma methylene blue nk'umuti w'igicuri. Ibimenyetso by'igerageza biva mu bushakashatsi ku nyamaswa. Inyandiko ebyiri zikunda kuvugwa cyane zombi zakoresheje imbeba, zombi zikoresha ingano ya 1 mg kuri kg yatewe mu nda, kandi zombi zigaragaza ibimenyetso byo kugabanya gufatwa n'igicuri. Ariko uburyo zakoresheje busuzuma ibitekerezo bitandukanye byo kuvura, bityo ibisubizo byazo bigasobanura ibintu bitandukanye.

Ubushakashatsi 1: gutanga umuti nyuma y'uko igicuri kidahagarara gitangira

Mu bushakashatsi bwo mu 2018 ku mbeba zagize igicuri kidahagarara gikomeza ubwacyo, Cui na bagenzi be bateye gufatwa n'igicuri bimara igihe kirekire bakangura igice cya amygdala cyitwa basolateral bakoresheje amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'iminota 25, hanyuma bemeza kuri EEG ko igicuri cyari kigikomeje. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko uburyo bukoresha amashanyarazi butandukanya igicuri ubwacyo n'uburozi bw'imiti itera gufatwa n'igicuri. Methylene blue yatanzwe nyuma y'iminota 5 kuva iyo mimerere y'igicuri imaze gutangira, bityo bikigana kuvura aho kuba gukumira. Gufata amakuru ya EEG byakomeje mu gihe cy'amasaha 12, naho ibice by'ubwonko bisuzumwa nyuma y'amasaha 24. Inyandiko yuzuye y'igerageza ku gicuri kidahagarara itanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku gukangura ubwonko no gufata amakuru.

Mu gihe cy'amasaha 12, imbeba zahawe umuti zafashwe n'igicuri cyagaragaye kuri EEG ku mpuzandengo y'inshuro zigera kuri 29 zitandukanye, ugereranyije n'izigera kuri 39 mu nyamaswa zitahawe umuti; ni igabanuka rigera kuri 26 ku ijana. Igihe cyose hamwe igicuri cyamaze na cyo cyavuye ku minota igera kuri 62 kigera ku minota igera kuri 44, ni igabanuka rigera kuri 29 ku ijana. Inyamaswa zahawe umuti kandi zagaragaje ihungabana rito riterwa na okisidasiyo (malondialdehyde nke na glutathione yagumye ku rugero rwiza kurushaho), gutakaza uturemangingo tw'imyakura guke mu bice bya hippocampus CA1 na CA3, n'ibimenyetso bya apoptosis byahindutse mu cyerekezo cyo kurinda uturemangingo.

Imbogamizi ziragaragara. Hasuzumwe gufatwa n'igicuri ku nyamaswa zigera kuri 12 muri buri tsinda, hageragezwa ingano imwe gusa y'umuti ku buryo nta murongo ugaragaza isano hagati y'ingano y'umuti n'igisubizo, gukurikirana byamaze amasaha aho kuba amezi, kandi nta kugereranya n'umuti usanzwe ukoreshwa mu kurwanya gufatwa n'igicuri kwabayeho. Ibisubizo bishyigikira ibimenyetso by'igikorwa cyo kugabanya gufatwa n'igicuri ako kanya no kurinda uturemangingo tw'imyakura mu buryo bumwe bwo kwigana igicuri kidahagarara mu mbeba. Ntibyerekana ko methylene blue ikumira igicuri kirambye, kandi nta cyo bivuga ku ngano y'umuti cyangwa ku mutekano wayo mu bantu bafite igicuri.

Ubushakashatsi 2: gutanga umuti mbere ya buri gufatwa n'igicuri kwatewe mu igerageza

Mu bushakashatsi bwo mu 2026 ku mbeba bwakoresheje kindling iterwa na pentylenetetrazole, Jing na bagenzi be bakoresheje igihe cyo gutanga umuti kinyuranye n'icy'ubushakashatsi bwa mbere. Imbeba zahawe kenshi ikinyabutabire gitera gufatwa n'igicuri (35 mg kuri kg bya pentylenetetrazole, buri nyuma y'umunsi umwe, inshuro 15), kandi methylene blue yatanzwe iminota 30 mbere ya buri gutanga icyo kinyabutabire. Ubu ni uburyo bugamije gukumira: busuzuma niba gutanga umuti wo gukumira kenshi bibangamira kwiyubaka kw'imimerere ya kindling ituma inyamaswa zifata igicuri byoroshye, aho gusuzuma niba umuti uhagarika igicuri kiri kuba cyangwa uvura igicuri cyamaze kubaho.

Gufatwa n'igicuri kugaragaza ko kindling yuzuye kwabaye muri 30 ku ijana by'imbeba zahawe umuti mbere, ugereranyije na hafi 85 ku ijana by'izitahawe umuti; ni itandukaniro rinini mu ijanisha, rifite agaciro ka P katangajwe ka 0.0078. Gutanga umuti mbere byanatinze gutangira kw'igicuri gifata umubiri wose kikawukomeza kikanawutigisa, kandi bigabanya igihe cyacyo iyo cyabaga kibaye. EEG, kubaho kw'uturemangingo twa hippocampus, ibimenyetso by'ihungabana riterwa na okisidasiyo, n'ibipimo by'ubushobozi bwo kwibuka mu igerageza ry'inzira z'amazi byose byagaragaje ibisubizo byiza kurushaho mu itsinda ryahawe umuti.

Ubu buryo na bwo bufite imbogamizi zabwo. Umuti wari uhari mbere ya buri gerageza ryo gutera gufatwa n'igicuri, bityo igerageza ntirishobora gutandukanya guhagarika gufatwa n'igicuri no kubangamira kwiyubaka kwa kindling. Na none hakoreshejwe ingano imwe gusa y'umuti, amatsinda mato yasuzumwe ku bice by'umubiri no ku myitwarire yari make, kindling yigana igice gusa cy'imikorere y'igicuri mu bantu aho kwigana byose, kandi inyandiko zombi zihuriye ku banditsi (Cui na Luo bari kuri zombi), bityo si ubushakashatsi bwigenga rwose busubiramo ibisubizo. Ibisubizo bishyigikira kugabanuka kw'iyubaka rya kindling mu mbeba zihabwa kenshi umuti mbere yo gufatwa n'igicuri. Ntibyemeza methylene blue nk'umuti ku muntu usanzwe afite igicuri.

Imbonerahamwe y'uburyo bw'igerageza n'imimerere: igikoresho cy'umwimerere

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni yo nyamukuru yo kwifashisha kuri iyi paji. Buri murongo ubanza gusobanura imimerere, hanyuma ukagaragaza uruhare methylene blue yagize n'icyo ibyagaragaye bishobora cyangwa bidashobora kwerekana. Gutanga umuti mu igerageza n'inyandiko z'ingaruka mbi biri mu mirongo itandukanye ku bushake.

Imimerere	Uruhare rwa methylene blue	Igihe	Igipimo cyasuzumwe	Icyo byerekana
Igicuri kidahagarara cyatewe n'amashanyarazi mu mbeba, 2018	Umuti w'igerageza, 1 mg/kg yatewe mu nda	5 min nyuma y'uko imimerere y'igicuri imaze gutangira; EEG mu gihe cya 12 h	Umubare w'inshuro zo gufatwa n'igicuri kuri EEG n'igihe cyose igicuri cyamaze; ibice bya hippocampus kuri 24 h	Ibimenyetso byo kugabanya gufatwa n'igicuri ako kanya mu buryo bumwe bw'igerageza; si ugukumira igicuri kirambye, si ikimenyetso cy'uko umuti ukora mu bantu
Kindling yatewe na pentylenetetrazole itangwa kenshi mu mbeba, 2026	Gutanga umuti mbere mu igerageza, 1 mg/kg mbere ya buri gutera igicuri	30 min mbere ya buri nshuro muri 15 zo gutanga ikinyabutabire gitera igicuri	Ijanisha rya kindling yuzuye, igihe mbere yo gufatwa n'igicuri n'igihe kimara, EEG, imyitwarire ijyanye no kwibuka, ibimenyetso mu bice by'umubiri	Kwiyubaka guke kwa kindling mu gihe umuti utangwa mbere mu rwego rwo gukumira; si ukuvura igicuri cyamaze kubaho
Methemoglobinemia yabonetse nyuma y'amavuko, gukoresha umuti wanditswe na muganga unyuze mu mutsi	Umuti wemewe wo kuvura indi ndwara	Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, ahanini 1 mg/kg	Gukurikirana umutekano	Ikintu kimwe gikomeye gisa no gufatwa n'igicuri mu itsinda ry'abarwayi 24 bakurikiranwe ku mutekano, nk'uko biri mu makuru agezweho aherekeza methylene blue itangwa mu mutsi; ni ibyatangajwe ku byabaye nyuma yo gutanga umuti, si igipimo cy'inshuro bibaho kandi si gihamya y'impamvu yabiteye
Syndrome ya serotonine hamwe n'imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine	Ikintu kibitera binyuze mu kubuza monoamine oxidase gukora	Nyuma yo guhuriza hamwe n'imiti ivura agahinda gakabije cyangwa indi miti bifitanye isano	Ihuriro ry'ibimenyetso byo kwa muganga, rishobora kubamo gufatwa n'igicuri	Imikoranire y'imiti izwi ifite umuburo uri mu gasanduku mu makuru yo kwandika umuti; reba syndrome ya serotonine n'imikoranire n'imiti ivura agahinda gakabije n'indi miti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine; isesengura rishingiye ku buryo buteganyijwe ryabonye abantu 50 batangajweho iyo syndrome, bose bakaba barakoreshaga icyarimwe imiti ivura agahinda gakabije igira ingaruka kuri serotonine
Ihungabana ry'imikorere y'ubwonko riterwa na ifosfamide	Umuti utangwa kuvura iryo hungabana, hanze y'ikoreshwa ryemewe	Mu gihe cyangwa nyuma y'uburozi bwa ifosfamide ku mikorere y'imyakura	Kujijwa, gufatwa n'igicuri, koma, gukira	Gufatwa n'igicuri aha ni ibintu byitezwe kubera ihungabana ry'ubwonko ubwaryo, bityo ntibishobora guhita byitirirwa methylene blue; ibimenyetso by'inyungu ahanini ni inyandiko ku barwayi ku giti cyabo, aho abarwayi 28 muri 38 bahawe umuti batangajwe ko borohewe mu isesengura rimwe ry'uburyo bwo kuvura ihungabana ry'ubwonko riterwa na ifosfamide

Impamvu igihe cyo gutanga umuti n'ibipimo byasuzumwe bigena icyo ubushakashatsi busobanura

Ibintu bibiri ni byo bitanga igisobanuro kinini mu bushakashatsi ku gufatwa n'igicuri: igihe umuti watangiwe n'icyapimwe.

Igihe kiza mbere. Umuti utanzwe mbere ya buri gerageza ryo gutera igicuri, nk'uko byagenze mu bushakashatsi bwa kindling, ushobora kugaragara nk'ukora neza gusa kubera kugabanya ubukana bwa buri gufatwa n'igicuri kwatewe cyangwa gutinza inzira ya kindling. Umuti utanzwe igicuri kimaze gutangira, nk'uko byagenze mu bushakashatsi ku gicuri kidahagarara, uhura n'igerageza rikomeye kurushaho kandi rifitanye isano ya hafi kurushaho n'ubuvuzi. Nta na bumwe muri ubwo buryo buhuye n'imimerere y'umuntu ufite igicuri cyamaze kubaho ufata buri munsi umuti urwanya gufatwa n'igicuri. Ni yo mpamvu igihe cyo gutanga umuti mu nyamaswa kidashobora guhindurwa inama yo kuvura abantu.

Ibipimo byasuzumwe biza ku mwanya wa kabiri. Umubare w'inshuro zo gufatwa n'igicuri kuri EEG mu masaha 12, ijanisha rya kindling, no kutongera gufatwa n'igicuri mu bantu ni ibisubizo bitandukanye. Ibimenyetso mu bice by'umubiri nka glutathione cyangwa umubare w'uturemangingo bisobanura uburyo umuti ushobora gukora, kandi imyitwarire mu igerageza ry'inzira z'amazi yerekana isano ishoboka n'imikorere mu mbeba, ariko nta na kimwe muri ibyo ari igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kuvura igicuri mu bantu. Ibisubizo byiza mu bice by'umubiri biherekeza ibisubizo byoroheje ku gufatwa n'igicuri bishimangira ibisobanuro bishingiye ku mikorere y'umubiri; ntibihindura ibyagaragaye ku gufatwa n'igicuri ngo bibe gihamya mu buvuzi bw'abantu.

Icyo ibi bisobanura ku byemezo byo kuvura

Ibimenyetso byo kugabanya gufatwa n'igicuri mu nyamaswa ni impamvu yo gukora ubundi bushakashatsi, si impamvu yo guhindura ubuvuzi. Nta muntu ugomba gutangira, guhagarika cyangwa guhindura umuti urwanya gufatwa n'igicuri yandikiwe na muganga ashingiye ku bushakashatsi ku mbeba, kandi methylene blue ntabwo ari umuti wemewe wo kuvura igicuri mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose itegurwamo. Umuntu wese utekereza kuyikoresha agomba kubanza kuganira n'umuganga we ku rutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti afata, kuko imikoranire ijyanye na serotonine yavuzwe haruguru ari yo ngaruka ifatika cyane ijyanye no gufatwa n'igicuri mu nyandiko ku bantu, kandi ishobora kwirindwa.

Incamake ivugisha ukuri ishobora kujya mu gika kimwe. Ubushakashatsi bubiri buto ku mbeba, bukoresheje ingano imwe ya 1 mg kuri kg, butangaza gufatwa n'igicuri guke cyangwa kudakomeye cyane: bumwe igihe umuti utanzwe nyuma y'igicuri kidahagarara cyatewe n'amashanyarazi, ubundi igihe utanzwe mbere yo gutera igicuri kenshi hakoreshejwe ikinyabutabire. Ku ruhande rutandukanye, inyandiko z'umutekano ku bantu zirimo ibintu bisa no gufatwa n'igicuri, bigaragara cyane mu mimerere y'imikoranire y'imiti no mu barwayi barembye, aho kuba mu kuvura igicuri. Nta na rimwe muri ayo matsinda y'ibimenyetso ryemeza ko irindi ryibeshya, kandi nta na rimwe ryemeza methylene blue nk'umuti w'igicuri. Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku ngaruka mbi no ku byo kwitondera byakusanyijwe mu bibazo bikunze kubazwa ku mutekano wa methylene blue.