Methylene blue ku mbwa: imikoreshereze, umutekano, n'igihe cyo guhamagara veterineri

Imbwa iranywa amazi y'ubururu muri akwarium imaze gushyirwamo umuti. Nyirayo asoma ko methylene blue ikosora ikibazo cyo mu maraso, akibaza niba igitonyanga cyo mu icupa ry'umuti w'amafi cyafasha imbwa irwaye iri mu rugo. Ibyo bihe byombi bireba irangi rimwe. Nta na kimwe ari icyemezo cyo kuvura mu rugo.

Uru rujijo ruva mu kwitiranya ibintu bibiri bifite izina rimwe. Kimwe ni uburyo bwo kuvura ku ivuriro: veterineri atanga ingano yapimwe mu mutsi w'amaraso kugira ngo akemure ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi cyihariye cyo mu maraso, hanyuma agakomeza gukurikirana amaraso mu gihe cy'iminsi. Ikindi ni uguhura n'icyo kinyabutabire: imbwa yamize ingano itazwi y'irangi ryo mu kigega, mu mazi yo kwinikamo amafi, cyangwa mu kinini. Icya mbere gikorerwa mu bitaro. Icya kabiri gisaba guhamagara veterineri. Iyi ngingo iratandukanya ibyo byombi, igasobanura impamvu nta mbonerahamwe y'ingano ya methylene blue yizewe yo guha imbwa mu rugo ihari, kandi igatanga imbonerahamwe wajyana ku ivuriro.

Icyo abaveterineri bayikoresha mu by'ukuri

Imikoreshereze yemewe ku mbwa iragufi: methemoglobinemia ifite uburemere mu buvuzi, yatewe n'ikinyabutabire gitera okisidasiyo. Hemoglobine isanzwe itwara ogisijeni kubera ko icyuma kiyirimo kiba mu buryo bwa ferrous, bwakiriye elegitoroni. Ikinyabutabire gitera okisidasiyo gihindura icyo cyuma kikajya mu buryo bwa ferric, kigakora methemoglobine, idashobora gutwara ogisijeni. Ishinya y'imbwa ishobora kugaragara ari ubururu cyangwa ikijuju, mu gihe amaraso ubwayo ahinduka ikigina gisa n'icya shokola.

Mu ngirabuzimafatizo itukura y'amaraso, methylene blue ishobora kwakira elegitoroni igahinduka leucomethylene blue, isubiza elegitoroni icyuma cyakorewe okisidasiyo, bityo hemoglobine ikongera gukora. Iyo ni yo mpinduka ivura. Isobanura impamvu uyu muti ufasha gusa igihe methemoglobine irenze urugero ari yo kibazo. Nta cyo ukora ku kubura amaraso bisanzwe, ku kubura ogisijeni guterwa n'indwara y'ibihaha, cyangwa ku burozi butarimo ikibazo cya methemoglobine.

Ibikunze kubitera mu mbwa birimo acetaminophen, nitrate cyangwa nitrite, benzocaine n'indi miti bifitanye isano itera okisidasiyo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe kwangirika guterwa na okisidasiyo ifitanye isano n'ibitunguru cyangwa tungurusumu. Ku burozi bwa acetaminophen, ubuvuzi bw'ibanze ni ugukuraho ikinyabutabire cyateye uburozi hamwe na N-acetylcysteine; methylene blue yongerwaho iyo methemoglobine ari ikibazo gikomeye, nk'uko bisobanurwa mu mabwiriza ya Merck ku burozi buterwa n'imiti igabanya ububabare. Ku bitunguru na tungurusumu, ubuvuzi busanzwe ni ugukuraho ikinyabutabire cyateye uburozi, gutanga ogisijeni no gufasha hakoreshejwe guterwa amaraso, hamwe no gutanga amatembabuzi, kuko kwangirika kw'ingenzi ari ugusenyuka gutinze kw'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso bifite utubumbe twa Heinz, bibaho mu gihe cy'iminsi, aho kuba methemoglobine yonyine. Gukoresha ku mbwa uburyo bwo kuvura uburozi bwa nitrate bugenewe amatungo y'inyuza byaba biteje akaga, kuko inka zihanganira ingano zangiza imbwa; inyandiko z'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo zivuga kuri nitrate zibigaragaza neza.

Indi mikoreshereze ibiri igomba gusobanurwa neza. Gutera irangi hafi y'ikibyimba kugira ngo hagaragazwe ipfundo rya mbere rya limfe ryakira ibiva kuri icyo kibyimba ni uburyo bwo gukoresha irangi mu bikorwa byo kuvura kanseri ku mbwa, si ubuvuzi bugenewe umubiri wose. Kurikoresha mu igerageza ku ihungabana ry'itembera ry'amaraso rituruka ku kwaguka kw'imiyoboro cyangwa ku gutakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwifunga, aho irangi ritangwa kugira ngo rigabanye ubutumwa butangwa na nitric oxide, biracyari mu bushakashatsi ku mbwa. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2026 bwakorewe ku mbwa ku buryo bwo kunyuzisha amaraso ahandi mu gihe cyo kubaga buvuga neza ko nta gihamya yo mu buvuzi bw'amatungo ishyigikira kuyikoresha kuri iryo hungabana, kandi ko ingano nyinshi mu buryo bw'igerageza zangije kurushaho umuvuduko w'amaraso n'imikorere y'umutima. Bityo, incamake ivugisha ukuri ni uko hari imikoreshereze imwe yemewe, indi imwe yo gukoresha irangi mu bikorwa by'ubuvuzi, naho ibisigaye bikaba ibigeragezwa. Amabwiriza ya akwarium, uburyo bwo kuvura abantu, n'imikoreshereze yo gusiga irangi muri laboratwari ntibikoreshwa ku mbwa uko byakabaye.

Impamvu nta mbonerahamwe y'ingano yo gutanga mu rugo ihari

Ibisubizo byo gushakisha byizeza imbonerahamwe y'ingano ya methylene blue yo guha imbwa. Kuri uyu muti, imbonerahamwe yaba igikoresho kitari cyo, kuko intera y'ingano yizewe ari nto, gukurikirana uko imbwa imeze bikaba igice cy'ubuvuzi, kandi umubare wonyine udashobora gutuma icyemezo kiba kitagira akaga.

Inyandiko z'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo zasohotse ahanini zivuga ingano iri hagati ya 1 na 1.5 mg kuri kg, itangwa buhoro mu mutsi w'amaraso, ari umuti urimo kimwe ku ijana, rimwe gusa, mu kuvura methemoglobinemia. Inyandiko ya Merck ku burozi bw'imiti igabanya ububabare itanga iyo ntera, ikavuga ko umuti utangwa mu gihe cy'iminota myinshi. Inyandiko zihariye z'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo zivuga ingano imwe itangwa buhoro, hagakurikiraho gukurikirana amaraso mu gihe cy'iminsi itatu kugeza kuri ine, kandi zivuga ko hafi ya 5 mg kuri kg hashobora gutera kubura amaraso bikomeye ku buryo bisaba guterwa amaraso. Ingano yo gusiga irangi mu gihe cyo kubaga yakoreshejwe mu buryo bwo mu myaka ya 1970, hafi ya 3 mg kuri kg, yateye kubura amaraso gutinze, kandi mu gihe kimwe itera kwangirika kw'impyiko kwahitanye imbwa nyuma y'ugusenyuka kw'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso. Intera iri hagati yo gufasha no kwangiza ni nto.

Uwo mubare kandi usubiza ibibazo bike kurusha uko bigaragara. Nta cyo uvuga ku kuba methemoglobine ihari koko, ku kuba icyateye ikibazo cyakemurwa n'uyu muti, ku yindi miti imbwa ifata, cyangwa ku kuba impyiko n'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso byakwihanganira ikinyabutabire gitera okisidasiyo. Imbonerahamwe ntishobora gupima methemoglobine hakoreshejwe co-oximetry, ntishobora kugenzura icyitegererezo cy'amaraso cyasizwe ku kirahure ngo irebe utubumbe twa Heinz, kandi ntishobora gukurikirana igabanuka rya hematocrit nyuma y'iminsi itatu. Ivuriro rirabishobora. Ni yo mpamvu imbonerahamwe iri hasi itanga intera z'ingano nk'amakuru yo kuganiraho na veterineri mu rwego rw'ivuriro, aho kuba amabwiriza. Ntugatange methylene blue mu rugo, ntugahindure umuti wa akwarium ingano yo guha imbwa, kandi ntugakoreshe amabwiriza y'umuti w'abantu, nk'amakuru yo kwandika no gutanga PROVAYBLUE, nk'ubuyobozi bw'ingano yo gutanga.

Ikivuguruzanya: umuti urwanya uburozi kandi utera okisidasiyo icyarimwe

Tekereza methylene blue nk'ibintu bibiri biri mu icupa rimwe. Iyo itanzwe ku ngano nto, buhoro, kandi igenzurwa, mu gihe uburyo bwa reductase bukora neza, ikora nk'ifasha gusubiza elegitoroni kandi ikagabanya methemoglobine. Iyo ingano ari nyinshi, cyangwa uburyo bwo kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso burengewe, ikora nk'ikinyabutabire gitera okisidasiyo, igatera kwangirika yari igamije gukosora: methemoglobine yiyongera, utubumbe twa Heinz, kwangirika kw'agahu k'ingirabuzimafatizo, no gusenyuka kw'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso.

Icyo kivuguruzanya gishingira ku ngano yatanzwe kandi ingaruka zacyo zishobora gutinda. Kubura amaraso bishobora kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi itatu kugeza kuri ine umuti utanzwe; ni yo mpamvu inyandiko zishimangira ko amaraso akomeza gupimwa, nubwo imbwa yaba igaragara ko imeze neza mu gihe cy'igice cy'isaha. Gusenyuka gukomeye kw'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso bishobora kurekura hemoglobine ikajya mu gice cy'amazi cy'amaraso no mu nkari, ikangiza impyiko. Mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbwa, ingano nyinshi zatanzwe mu mutsi w'amaraso zongereye methemoglobine mu munota umwe aho kuyigabanya.

Imikoranire ibiri ikwiye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko. Methylene blue ni ikinyabutabire gikomeye kibangamira by'agateganyo imikorere ya monoamine oxidase. Amabwiriza y'umuti w'abantu arimo umuburo uri mu gasanduku ku byerekeye sindorome ya serotonine iyo uhujwe n'imiti igira ingaruka kuri serotonine. Ku mbwa, amateka y'imiti bireba arimo trazodone, fluoxetine n'indi miti ibuza serotonine kongera kwinjizwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo, clomipramine, selegiline, n'imiti nka tramadol. Ibimenyetso birimo kudatuza cyangwa guhinduka kw'imitekerereze, ubushyuhe bwinshi, umutima utera vuba cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso udahagaze neza, gutitira, gukomera kw'imikaya, kudahuza ingendo, no gufatwa n'igicuri. Uwo muburo ukomeye ushingiye cyane cyane ku gihamya yo ku bantu, bityo inshuro bibaho ku mbwa ntizibaruwe neza, ariko amateka y'imiti agomba gutangwa kuri buri guhamagara hagamijwe gusuzuma uburemere bw'ikibazo.

Ubwoko bw'inyamaswa na bwo bufite akamaro. Imbwa zishobora kugira kubura amaraso kurimo utubumbe twa Heinz bitewe n'uyu muti, ariko injangwe zirabibasirwa cyane kurushaho, kuko hemoglobine yazo ifite amatsinda menshi ashobora gukorerwa okisidasiyo kandi ingirabuzimafatizo zazo zitukura z'amaraso zikaba zidakuraho neza ibyangiritse. Uburyo bwo kuvura imbwa ntibugomba na rimwe guhindurirwa injangwe hashingiwe ku buremere bwayo. Amabwiriza yo ku rwego rwa leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, 21 CFR igice cya 500.27, yandika ko injangwe zahawe mu kanwa ibicuruzwa bya methylene blue byo kuvura ibibazo by'inkari hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo ku kirango zagize kubura amaraso kurimo utubumbe twa Heinz kwazihitanye. Ayo mateka atwibutsa ko gutanga umuti mu kanwa bitavuze ko byanze bikunze utazagira ingaruka zikomeye.

Imbonerahamwe y'imikoreshereze mu buvuzi no guhura n'umuti

Jyana iyi mbonerahamwe kuri veterineri aho gufata ibyemezo uyishingiyeho. Itandukanya imikoreshereze igenzurwa ku ivuriro no guhura n'umuti ku bw'impanuka; iryo tandukaniro ni ryo ririnda ko ibyemezo biteza akaga. Yiganire n'ivuriro; ntisimbura gusuzuma indwara.

Igihe	Icyo ari cyo	Ibyo veterineri asuzuma
Methemoglobinemia ikomeye yatewe n'ikinyabutabire gitera okisidasiyo	Impamvu yemewe yo gukoresha umuti ku ivuriro. Methemoglobine yapimwe, imbwa ifite ibimenyetso, ikinyabutabire gitera okisidasiyo cyayiteye kizwi.	Ingano imwe itangwa buhoro mu mutsi w'amaraso, hafi ya 1 kugeza kuri 1.5 mg kuri kg y'umuti urimo kimwe ku ijana, rimwe gusa, hamwe no gukurikirana hakoreshejwe co-oximetry, hematocrit n'icyitegererezo cy'amaraso cyasizwe ku kirahure mu gihe cy'iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 4. Ubuvuzi bwihariye bw'icyateye ikibazo burakomeza icyarimwe, urugero nka N-acetylcysteine ku burozi bwa acetaminophen.
Kubura reductase gukomoka ku ruhererekane rw'ibisekuru	Impamvu idakunze kubaho yo gukoresha umuti, isuzumwa n'inzobere. Methemoglobinemia igaruka kandi itatewe n'uburozi.	Ubuvuzi bwo mu mutsi w'amaraso bushingiye ku kibazo cyihariye, hafi ya 1 mg kuri kg; rimwe na rimwe bugakurikirwa n'igihe cyo gufata umuti mu kanwa gikurikiranwa. Gahunda y'igihe kirekire ikorwa gusa mu buvuzi bw'inzobere.
Kugaragaza ipfundo rya mbere rya limfe ryakira ibiva ku kibyimba	Gukoresha irangi mu gikorwa cyo kubaga ikibyimba.	Umubazi atera irangi hafi y'ikibyimba, aho gutanga ingano igenewe umubiri wose. Ingaruka ku maraso ni ikibazo gitandukanye n'uko irangi rigenda mu mubiri.
Ihungabana ry'itembera ry'amaraso cyangwa ubushobozi buke bw'imiyoboro yo kwifunga	Biracyari igerageza ku mbwa. Nta buryo bwemewe bwo kubikoresha buri gihe.	Bishingira ku kwinjira mu bushakashatsi, si ku kwivurira mu rugo. Ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amaraso, ku mutima no ku bihaha zishobora kurushaho kuba mbi ku ngano nyinshi.
Kunywa amazi ya akwarium yashyizwemo umuti	Guhura n'umuti, si ukuvurwa. Umuti uri mu mazi menshi ariko ingano yanyowe ntizwi.	Ikirango cy'igicuruzwa, ubwinshi bw'umuti mu gicuruzwa cy'umwimerere, ingano y'amazi yo mu kigega, ingano y'amazi bikekwa ko yanyowe, uburemere bw'umubiri, igihe, ibimenyetso, n'imiti yose. Kunywa duke mu mazi arimo umuti muke no kunywa umuti wibanze ni ibibazo bitandukanye.
Kurigata amazi yo kwinikamo amafi cyangwa guhekenya umuti wibanze cyangwa ikinini	Guhura n'umuti biteye impungenge kurushaho.	Amakuru amwe y'igicuruzwa, hiyongereyeho milligrams muri buri gice n'umubare ntarengwa w'ibice bibura. Ibindi bigize ikinini bihindura uko ikibazo gisuzumwa.
Imbwa ifata trazodone, SSRI, clomipramine, selegiline, tramadol	Ibyago by'imikoranire y'imiti byiyongera kuri kimwe mu bihe byavuzwe haruguru.	Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti n'inyongera mbere yo gufata icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose. Ibimenyetso bya sindorome ya serotonine bisaba isuzuma ryihutirwa.

Iyo imbwa ihuye n'umuti: icyo gukora ubu

Mbere na mbere, yibuze gukomeza kunywa kandi ubike ibimenyetso: icupa ry'igicuruzwa cyangwa ifoto y'ikirango, ubwinshi bw'umuti muri cyo, ingano y'umuti yashyizwe mu ngano y'amazi niba ari ikigega, ingano bikekwa ko yamizwe, igihe, uburemere bw'imbwa, ibimenyetso ifite ubu, indwara izwi, n'imiti yose n'inyongera. Gusuzuma uburemere bw'uburozi bishingira kuri urwo rutonde nyirizina. Amabwiriza rusange ya ASPCA ku burozi ku matungo yo mu rugo asaba ba nyir'amatungo kubika ikintu cyarimo igicuruzwa no guhamagara aho gutegereza ibimenyetso; kandi serivisi ya ASPCA ishinzwe uburozi na serivisi nka Pet Poison Helpline zibereyeho kwakira uko guhamagara, hamwe n'ivuriro risanzwe cyangwa ibitaro byakira ibyihutirwa.

Ntugatange methylene blue nk'umuti wo kurwanya uburozi mu rugo. Ntugatume imbwa iruka keretse veterineri cyangwa inzobere mu by'uburozi abigutegetse by'umwihariko, kuko kuyirutsa atari byo cyangwa bishobora guteza akaga mu bihe bimwe byo guhura n'uburozi no mu gihe ifite ibimenyetso bimwe. Ntugatange hydrogen peroxide ku bushake bwawe. Aho bishoboka, irinde ko irangi riri ku bwoya ririgatwa n'imbwa igihe yiyisukura, oza uruhu rwagezweho n'irangi nk'uko ivuriro ribigusaba, kandi urinde igicuruzwa kugera mu maso.

Shaka isuzuma ryihutirwa bidatinze niba imbwa ihumeka bigoranye, ifite ishinya y'ubururu cyangwa y'ikijuju, ifite intege nke cyane cyangwa yaguye, yataye ubwenge, ifatwa n'igicuri, idatuje cyane cyangwa ititira kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa ifite ishinya yerurutse cyangwa y'umuhondo n'inkari zijimye cyangwa z'ikigina gitukura. Zirikana ko ingaruka zishobora gutinda: imbwa igaragara ko imeze neza ku mugoroba w'umunsi yahuriyeho n'umuti ishobora kugira kubura amaraso guterwa no gusenyuka kw'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso nyuma y'iminsi. Bityo, isuzuma ry'uburemere bw'ikibazo rireba iby'iryo joro ndetse n'ibipimo by'amaraso byo gukurikirana nyuma. Inyandiko isesengura uburyo bwo kuvura methemoglobinemia ikaze yo muri Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine isaba gupima hematocrit mu gihe cy'iminsi myinshi nyuma y'ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi kubera iyo mpamvu nyirizina.

Hari irindi tandukaniro rya nyuma rituma buri rundi rupapuro rwo kuri uru rubuga ruguma mu mwanya warwo. Inyigisho zo kuvura amafi, intambwe zo gukuraho umuti mu mazi nyuma yo kuwushyira muri akwarium, ubutabire bw'irangi, n'uburyo bwo gusiga irangi bisobanura ibigega, ibikoresho by'ibirahure, na mikorosikopi. Nta na kimwe ari amabwiriza yo kuvura imbwa. Ikibazo cy'imbwa buri gihe kirangirira kimwe: hamagara veterineri, uzane ikirango n'imibare, maze ibipimo by'amaraso bibe ari byo bigena icyemezo.