Inyandiko
Igerageza ryo kugabanya methylene blue mu matembabuzi yo mu gifu cya mbere
Umukobwa warangije kwiga araterefona ari ku bworozi, afite mu ntoki agacupa k'igerageza karimo ibara ry'ubururu. Hashize iminota icumi yongeye methylene blue mu matembabuzi yo mu gifu cya mbere, kandi ubururu buracyahari. Abaza niba yakongera irangi aha inka.
Icyo kibazo kigaragaza imyumvire itari yo. Mu igerageza ryo kugabanya methylene blue mu matembabuzi yo mu gifu cya mbere, irangi rishyirwa mu gacupa k'igerageza, ntirishyirwa mu nyamaswa na rimwe. Igerageza ryose ribera muri ako gacupa. Gupima igihe ubururu bumara mbere yo kuzimira bigaragaza imikorere y'utunyabuzima turi muri icyo cyitegererezo, ntibigaragaza umuti inyamaswa ikeneye.
Uko kwitiranya ibintu kurumvikana kuko methylene blue ikoreshwa mu buryo butatu butandukanye mu buvuzi bw'amatungo. Iyi nyandiko irabutandukanya kandi ikerekana uko wasobanura igihe cy'igabanywa ukigihuza na pH, porotozowa, ubuziranenge bw'ifatwa ry'icyitegererezo, n'ibimenyetso bigaragara ku nyamaswa.
Icyo iri gerageza ripima mu by'ukuri
Methylene blue iba ubururu iyo iri mu miterere ya ogisidasiyo, kandi ikaba hafi kutagira ibara iyo iri mu miterere y'igabanywa. Amatembabuzi akimara gukurwa mu gifu cya mbere cy'inyamaswa ifite ubuzima bwiza afite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutera igabanywa, kuko bagiteri zibaho nta ogisijeni zirimo gusembura ibiryo. Iyo uvanze irangi rito n'ayo matembabuzi, ibikorwa bya bagiteri bihindura intungamubiri bikuraho ibara mu minota mike.
Ihame ry'imikorere rero riroroshye: utunyabuzima tubaho nta ogisijeni kandi dukora neza dukuraho ubururu vuba, naho utudakora neza cyangwa twangiritse tukabukuraho buhoro. Igihe kigufi gisobanura ubushobozi bwo kugabanya burushijeho kuba bwinshi muri icyo cyitegererezo. Igihe kirekire kigaragaza ko imikorere y'utunyabuzima yagabanutse, igihe cyose icyitegererezo cyafashwe kandi kikitabwaho neza.
Iri gerageza ntiripima mu buryo butaziguye ubushobozi bwa ogisidasiyo n'igabanywa mu gifu cya mbere. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gupima mu nka bwagereranyije igerageza ry'igabanywa n'ibipimo bitaziguye bya milivoluti, busanga nta sano igororotse iri hagati y'igihe cy'igabanywa n'ubushobozi bwa ogisidasiyo n'igabanywa bwapimwe. Bwanzuye ko ibyo bipimo byombi bitagomba gufatwa nk'ibisimburana mu gupima ikintu kimwe. Incamake y'iryo gereranya yose iri kuri PubMed. Fata igerageza ry'igabanywa nk'igerageza ry'imikorere y'urusobe rw'utunyabuzima, aho kurifata nka elegitorode ihendutse.
Ubusobanuro bwa Merck/MSD ku kutagogora byoroheje mu nyamaswa zuza bushyira igihe kirekire cy'igabanywa mu ruhererekane rumwe na pH idasanzwe yo mu gifu cya mbere n'umubare wagabanutse wa porotozowa. Nta gipimo kimwe cyonyine cyemeza indwara. Uko ibipimo bihurira hamwe ni byo biyemeza.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora igerageza hafi y'inyamaswa
Amabwiriza aratandukana ho gato hagati y'amashuri, bityo andika ingano nyayo n'ubushyuhe ukoresha, kandi ugereranye gusa ibisubizo byabonetse hakurikijwe ayo mabwiriza amwe. Uburyo bumwe bwigishwa henshi ni ubu:
- Fata nibura 10 kugeza kuri 20 mL z'amatembabuzi mashya yo mu gifu cya mbere, wirinda amacandwe menshi, guhura n'umwuka, no gukonja. Kora igerageza bidatinze.
- Tegura methylene blue ya 0.03 ku ijana, ni ukuvuga 0.3 mg kuri mL.
- Ongeramo irangi ringana na 5 ku ijana by'ingano y'amatembabuzi. Ni ukuvuga 1.0 mL y'irangi muri 20 mL z'amatembabuzi, cyangwa 0.5 mL y'irangi muri 10 mL z'amatembabuzi. Byombi bitanga ikigereranyo kimwe cy'amatembabuzi ku irangi cya 20 kuri 1.
- Shyira amatembabuzi yo muri icyo cyitegererezo atashyizwemo irangi mu gacupa ka kabiri, kugira ngo uyakoreshe nk'icyifashishwa mu kugereranya ibara.
- Vanga buhoro, uhite utangira kubara igihe, kandi ugumane agacupa ku bushyuhe buri hafi y'ubw'umubiri, hafi ya dogere Celsius 37 kugeza kuri 39, bitewe n'amabwiriza akurikizwa aho uri.
- Andika igihe kimara kugeza ibara ryo mu gacupa k'igerageza rihwanye n'iry'amatembabuzi yifashishwa mu kugereranya. Uruziga ruto rw'ubururu rushobora kuguma hejuru aho amatembabuzi ahurira n'umwuka, kuko ogisijeni yongera gukora ogisidasiyo ku irangi aho hantu. Ntutegereze ko urwo ruziga ruzimira.
Ubutabire bwa ogisidasiyo n'igabanywa bwa methylene blue busobanura impamvu ogisijeni ari ingenzi hano. Gucugusa cyane, gukoresha agacupa gafunguye cyane, cyangwa gutinda igihe kirekire bituma ogisijeni yinjira kandi bigatuma irangi rigumana ubururu igihe kirekire kurusha uko byagenda mu gifu cya mbere ubwacyo. Ibisobanuro ku buryo bwo gufata amatembabuzi yo mu gifu cya mbere utayanduza na byo ni ingenzi ku mpamvu imwe. Amacandwe avanga icyitegererezo akakigabanyiriza ubukana kandi akazamura pH; ni yo mpamvu, iyo bakoresha umuyoboro ujya mu gifu, abaganga benshi bajugunya igice cya mbere iyo ingano y'amatembabuzi ibibemerera.
Icyo ibyagaragaye bitandukanye bipima
Igihe cy'igabanywa gisubiza ikibazo kimwe gusa. Isuzuma ry'igifu cya mbere rikurikira ryerekana icyo buri kintu kigaragara hafi y'inyamaswa gifasha kumenya. Koresha umurongo wose, aho gukoresha akazu kamwe gusa.
| Icyagaragaye | Icyo gipima | Ibyo bakunze kubona hafi y'inyamaswa | Ibikunze kuyobya ibisubizo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Igihe cy'igabanywa rya methylene blue | Ubushobozi bukora bwo kugabanya bwa bagiteri zibaho nta ogisijeni ziri mu cyitegererezo | Mu nka, akenshi iminota 2 kugeza kuri 6; mu ntama n'ihene, akenshi kiba kigufi kurushaho, aho iminota 6 ikoreshwa nk'urugabano rufatika rw'imikorere ihagije, kandi ibihe birenze iminota 10 bikaba bidasanzwe cyane | Icyitegererezo gikonje, cyatinze gupimwa, cyahuye n'umwuka, cyangwa cyavanzwe n'amacandwe; intungamubiri nke nyuma y'igihe kirekire cyo kutarya; imiti irwanya utunyabuzima itangwa mu kanwa; kugereranya ibipimo byakoresheje ibigereranyo bitandukanye by'irangi cyangwa ubushyuhe butandukanye |
| pH yo mu gifu cya mbere | Imiterere y'ubutabire, ingano y'aside cyangwa alikali | Mu nka zigaburirwa ibiryo bifite fibre nyinshi, akenshi iba hafi ya 6.0 kugeza kuri 7.2; inyandiko ku nyamaswa nto zuza akenshi zivuga hafi ya 6.5 kugeza kuri 7.5; ubwoko bw'ibiryo n'igihe gishize inyamaswa iriye bihindura icyo gipimo | Kwanduzwa n'amacandwe bizamura pH mu byitegererezo byafashwe hakoreshejwe umuyoboro ujya mu gifu; gutakaza diyogiside ya karubone nyuma yo gufata icyitegererezo; kugaburira ibinyampeke bigabanya pH |
| Umubare n'imyinyagamburo bya porotozowa | Uko urusobe rwa porotozowa zifite udusatsi tumeze nk'ubwoya rumeze, cyane cyane izini zihutira kugirwaho ingaruka n'impinduka | Utunyabuzima twinshi tw'ingano zitandukanye tugenda dufite imbaraga mu byerekezo runaka mu gitonyanga gishyushye kandi gishya | Gukonja bigabanya imyinyagamburo; aside nyinshi cyane ishobora gukuraho porotozowa; gutinda bituma icyitegererezo gisanzwe kigaragara nk'igifite imyinyagamburo mike |
| Impumuro, ibara, n'uburyo amatembabuzi ateye | Imiterere y'isembura n'ukwanduzwa | Amatembabuzi afite impumuro nziza yoroheje, ibara ry'ikigina kijya mu cyatsi, kandi afatira ho gato | Impumuro iboze cyangwa isharira iyo urusobe rw'utunyabuzima rwahungabanye cyane; amatembabuzi ameze nk'amazi cyangwa arimo amacandwe menshi nyuma yo gufata icyitegererezo nabi |
| Kwikanya kw'igifu cya mbere n'ubushake bwo kurya | Imikorere y'ibice by'igifu bibanziriza igifu nyacyo n'uko inyamaswa yose irya | Kwikanya kudahindagurika no guhekenya ibyo yagaruye mu kanwa buri gihe mu nyamaswa iri maso kandi ikora neza | Impinduka ziherutse mu biryo, ububabare, kubura amazi mu mubiri, uburwayi bugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose |
Iyi mbonerahamwe ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi. Igihe kirekire cy'igabanywa, giherekejwe na porotozowa zinyeganyega buhoro, pH idasanzwe, n'igifu cyikanya intege nke, cyerekana ko imikorere y'utunyabuzima yagabanutse koko. Igihe kirekire cyonyine mu nyamaswa iri maso, yuza, kandi ifite porotozowa zinyeganyega cyane, cyerekeza ku kibazo cy'icyitegererezo aho kuba icy'igifu cya mbere. Ongera ufate icyitegererezo mbere yo kugira icyo ukora.
Gusobanura igihe ugihuje na pH n'amateka y'inyamaswa
Ibiryo ni byo bigena igipimo fatizo. Ibiryo bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitsindagiye bisembura vuba kandi bishobora gukuraho ibara ry'irangi mu munota umwe, mu gihe kugaburira ubwatsi bwumye bishobora gutuma bimara iminota myinshi, ndetse no mu nyamaswa zifite ubuzima bwiza. Bityo, igihe kigufi cyonyine nticyemeza ubuzima bwiza kurushaho. Cyemeza ko intungamubiri nyinshi zishobora gusemburwa zahuye n'utunyabuzima dukora neza.
Kurya ibinyampeke byinshi cyane bihindura iyo nzira yoroshye. Mu ntangiriro, isembura ry'ibinyasukari rishobora kuba rikomeye, hanyuma kwangizwa na aside kugahungabanya utunyabuzima dusanzwe na porotozowa, maze igihe cy'igabanywa kikaba kirekire. Ni yo mpamvu rimwe mu mabwiriza yigishwa rivuga ko iri gerageza ridatanga ibisubizo byizewe iyo pH yo mu gifu cya mbere iri munsi ya hafi 5.5. Icyo gihe, urusobe rw'utunyabuzima rupimwa ruba rwahindutse.
Amabwiriza afatika yo gusobanura uko ibipimo bihurira hamwe:
- pH isanzwe n'igabanywa ribaye mu gihe kitarenze hafi iminota 6 byerekana urusobe rw'utunyabuzima rukora neza.
- pH isanzwe n'igabanywa ritinda cyane byerekana imikorere mike iterwa no kutarya, ingaruka z'imiti irwanya utunyabuzima, cyangwa icyitegererezo kitameze neza.
- pH iri hejuru n'igabanywa ritinda akenshi bikurikira igihe kirekire cyo kutarya gituma intungamubiri ziba nke, ariko uzirikane ko amacandwe aturuka mu muyoboro ashobora kuba yaranduje icyitegererezo.
- pH iri hasi n'imikorere yagabanutse ya porotozowa bituma hakekwa ihungabana ry'urusobe rw'utunyabuzima rifitanye isano n'ibinyasukari. Amabwiriza yo gusobanura pH yo mu gifu cya mbere arifashishwa hano. Ibipimo biri munsi ya 5.5, biherekejwe no gucika intege kw'umubiri wose, byerekeza ku kurya ibinyampeke byinshi cyane n'aside nyinshi cyane, aho kwerekeza ku kutagogora byoroheje.
Buri gihe, andika niba inyamaswa iherutse guhabwa tetrasikiline mu kanwa, iyonofore mu biryo, imiti irwanya utunyabuzima igira ingaruka ku mubiri wose igihe kirekire, impinduka zitunguranye mu biryo, igihe imaze itarya, n'uko inywa amazi. Igitabo cya MSD kiburira by'umwihariko ko tetrasikiline zitangwa mu kanwa zishobora kugabanya cyane imikorere y'utunyabuzima two mu gifu cya mbere. Iyonofore zihindura urusobe rwa bagiteri ku bushake. Hatabayeho ayo mateka, igihe kirekire ntigishobora gusobanurwa.
Ubuziranenge bw'ifatwa ry'icyitegererezo bukwiye guhabwa agaciro kangana n'ak'ibindi. Ubushakashatsi bwagenzuwe bwasanze ibyitegererezo byafashwe hakoreshejwe umuyoboro ujya mu gifu bifite pH iri hejuru n'aside z'ibinure zihinduka umwuka nke ugereranyije n'ibyafashwe hakoreshejwe kanula mu nyamaswa zimwe, ahanini bitewe n'amacandwe. Igihe cy'igabanywa cyari cyiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara nyuma y'iminota 60 icyitegererezo gifashwe, ku ngano zose zapimwe, kandi ibyitegererezo bito ni byo byagizweho ingaruka cyane. Fata nibura 10 mL, upime mu minota 30, ukore igerageza ry'igabanywa hakiri kare, ugumane icyitegererezo gishyushye, kandi ugabanye uko gihura n'umwuka.
Uburyo butatu bwo gukoresha irangi butagomba kwitiranywa
Irangi rimwe, uburyo butatu butandukanye.
Ubwa mbere, igerageza ry'amatembabuzi yo mu gifu cya mbere ryasobanuwe hano. Icyitegererezo ni amatembabuzi yafashwe mu gifu cya mbere. Irangi rishyirwa muri ayo matembabuzi hanze y'umubiri ku gipimo cya 0.03 ku ijana. Icyo bapima ni igihe kimara kugeza ibara rivuyeho. Intego ni ugusuzuma ubushobozi bw'utunyabuzima bwo kugabanya.
Ubwa kabiri, methylene blue ihabwa inyamaswa yuza ikiri nzima. Urugero rwemewe ni ukuyitanga mu mutsi mu kuvura uburozi bwa nitarate cyangwa nitirite buherekejwe no kwiyongera kwa methemoglobine mu maraso, aho uwo muti usubiza hemoglobine ubushobozi bwo gukora. Amategeko yerekeye ingano y'umuti, uko uteguye, ibisigisigi byawo, n'igihe cyo gutegereza mbere yo gukoresha ibikomoka ku nyamaswa arakurikizwa. Icyo cyemezo ntaho gihuriye no kubara igihe mu gacupa k'igerageza. Iyo irangi rikoreshejwe nk'ikimenyetso cyo gukurikirana ibibera mu mubiri mu buryo bwihariye, ihame ni ukureba aho irangi rijya, si ukureba uko utunyabuzima two mu gifu cya mbere turigabanya vuba.
Ubwa gatatu, igerageza ry'igabanywa mu mata. Icyitegererezo ni amata. Irangi rishyirwa mu cyitegererezo cy'amata. Kuzimira vuba k'ubururu muri rusange byerekana imikorere myinshi y'utunyabuzima n'ubushobozi buke bwo kubikwa, mu gihe igabanywa ritinda ryerekana ubuziranenge bwiza kurushaho. Iri gerageza riri mu bumenyi bw'utunyabuzima two mu biribwa no mu gupima ubuziranenge bw'amata, si mu buvuzi bw'igifu cya mbere, kandi ntiribara umubare wa bagiteri.
Kuvuga amazina mu buryo busobanutse birinda amakosa: igihe cy'igabanywa mu matembabuzi yo mu gifu cya mbere, kuvura hakoreshejwe methylene blue igira ingaruka ku mubiri wose cyangwa kuyikoresha nk'ikimenyetso cyo gukurikirana ibibera mu mubiri, n'igerageza ry'igabanywa mu mata. Itegeko ry'umutekano rikubiye mu nteruro imwe. Irangi rikoreshwa mu igerageza ry'igifu cya mbere riguma mu gacupa ko muri laboratwari, kandi ako gacupa karajugunywa. Ntiryigera rihabwa inyamaswa kugira ngo iryo gerageza rikorwe.
Itegeko rigufi ryo kwifashisha igihe uhamagawe ku bworozi
Koresha buri gihe irangi rya 0.03 ku ijana ku kigereranyo cy'igice 1 cy'irangi ku bice 20 by'amatembabuzi, upime amatembabuzi mashya ari ku bushyuhe buri hafi y'ubw'umubiri uyagereranya n'atashyizwemo irangi, kandi usobanure iminota uyihuje na pH, imyinyagamburo ya porotozowa, ubuziranenge bw'ifatwa ry'icyitegererezo, ibiryo, imiti, kwikanya kw'igifu, ubushake bwo kurya, umwanda, n'amazi mu mubiri. Umubare umwe wonyine ntushobora kwemeza kutagogora. Ibipimo bihuriza hamwe ni byo bibyemeza.