Nkhani
Methylene blue ndi testosterone: kuwunika zonena zake
Sizinatsimikizidwe kuti methylene blue ndi mankhwala ochizira kapena owonjezera testosterone mwa amuna. Kusaka komwe kunachitika polemba nkhaniyi sikunapeze mayesero oyendetsedwa mwa anthu okhala ndi gulu loyerekezera omwe anasonyeza kuti methylene blue yomwedwa imawonjezera testosterone mwa amuna athanzi kapena imachiza kuchepa kwa testosterone. Umboni wokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi ukuphatikizapo zitsanzo zoyesera za kuvulala m’zinyama, mayesero a chithokomiro cha pituitary cha makoswe, zotsatira zoyambirira zofufuza prolactin mwa anthu, ndi kuyika methylene blue mwachindunji pa umuna wa anthu kunja kwa thupi.
Kafukufukuyu akuyenera kuganiziridwa, koma zotsatira zake sizingaphatikizidwe kukhala mfundo yakuti methylene blue imawonjezera testosterone, imachepetsa estrogen ndi prolactin, komanso imathandiza kubereka. Chilichonse mwa zonenazi chimafunika zotsatira zake zomwe zayezedwa.
Kodi ndi chiyani chimene chimawerengedwa ngati umboni wa kuwonjezeka kwa testosterone?
Kafukufuku wothandiza wa anthu angafotokoze amene anatenga nawo mbali, kapangidwe ka mankhwala, njira yoperekera, chimene chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera, nthawi ya kafukufuku, ndi mayeso oyeza mahomoni. Angasiyanitse testosterone yonse ndi testosterone yosamangiriridwa ku mapuloteni, komanso kuyeza ngati kusintha kulikonse kunapitirira. Zizindikiro, khalidwe la umuna, ndi zotsatira zosafunika zingafunike kuwunikidwa padera.
Kumva kuti muli tcheru kwambiri sikuli kuyeza testosterone. Kuyenda bwino kwa umuna sikulinso kuyeza testosterone. Machende ali ndi maselo a Leydig omwe amapanga testosterone pakati pa timachubu tomwe umuna umapangikiramo. Ntchito zimenezi zimakhudzana, koma zotsatira za imodzi sizitsimikizira zinazo. Kuwunika kwakukulu kwa ubwino wa methylene blue mu kafukufuku wa anthu kumafotokoza zonena za thanzi lonse, kuphatikizapo zonena zokhudza amuna.
Tebulo la umboni wa zonena zokhudza testosterone
Tebuloli limasiyanitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi zimene zingafunike kuti zonena zoperekedwa kwa ogula zitsimikizidwe. Miyezo yogwiritsidwa ntchito m’mayesero imafotokoza kafukufuku, osati ndondomeko yoti anthu atsatire.
| Chonenedwa kapena funso | Anthu kapena zinyama zoyesedwa ndi chitsanzo choyesera | Njira yoperekera ndi kukhudzidwa nayo | Zotsatira zoyezedwa ndi zimene zinapezeka | Zimene umboni umachirikiza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imakweza testosterone pambuyo pa kuvulala kwa machende | Makoswe aamuna a Wistar 35 m’magulu asanu, kuphatikizapo kuvulala koyambitsidwa ndi cisplatin | Jakisoni m’malo ozungulira ziwalo za m’mimba; methylene blue 2 kapena 4 mg/kg kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri | Testosterone m’gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi ndi miyezo ya umuna inanenedwa kuti inali yapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito methylene blue kuposa cisplatin yokha | Chizindikiro cha kuteteza m’chitsanzo cha kuvulala chifukwa cha mankhwala a khansa; palibe kuwonjezeka kotsimikizidwa mwa amuna athanzi |
| Nthawi zonse imathandiza machende | Makoswe akuluakulu 30 mu kafukufuku wa jakisoni woperekedwa pamalo enaake | Jakisoni m’minofu ya machende kapena pakati pa zikopa zophimba machende; kuwunika pambuyo pa milungu iwiri | Jakisoni wamkati mwa minofu anachepetsa testosterone m’gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa umuna m’chubu cha epididymis; gulu lolandira jakisoni pakati pa zikopa silinasonyeze kusintha kwakukulu pa miyezo imeneyi | Malo amene mankhwalawo akhudza ndi ofunika; sizingaganizidwe kuti amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mahomoni nthawi zonse |
| Imachepetsa prolactin | Makoswe aamuna omwe analandira estradiol benzoate, pamodzi ndi magulu oyerekezera | Methylene blue pa 0.5% m’chakudya kwa milungu itatu | Inachepetsa kukwera kwa prolactin m’magazi kokhudzana ndi estradiol; methylene blue yokha sinachepetse prolactin m’magazi | Kusintha komwe kunachitika m’dongosolo la mahomoni losinthidwa mwadala poyesera |
| Imasintha prolactin mwa anthu | Odwala khumi omwe anali ndi ululu wochokera ku mitsempha yosokonekera womwe sunayankhe bwino ku chithandizo, amuna asanu ndi atatu ndi akazi awiri | Kulowetsedwa kudzera m’mtsempha kwa mphindi 60; 2 mg/kg poyerekezera ndi 0.02 mg/kg | Muyezo woyerekezera wa prolactin unachepa pambuyo pa milingo yonse iwiri; kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwirizo kunanenedwa | Zotsatira zoyambirira zofufuza chizindikiro cha m’thupi mwa odwala ululu, osati chithandizo chotsimikizidwa cha prolactin yapamwamba |
| Imathandiza kubereka kwa amuna | Zitsanzo za madzi a umuna kuchokera kwa amuna athanzi 20 | Kusakaniza mwachindunji ndi madzi a utoto wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni komanso mitundu yake yochepetsedwa mphamvu kunja kwa thupi | Kuyenda kwa umuna kunachepa kwambiri nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pokhudzidwa ndi methylene blue | Zotsatira za umuna wokhudzidwa nayo m’labotale, osati mayesero a mankhwala omwedwa othandiza kubereka kapena kuyeza testosterone |
| Imachepetsa estrogen kapena imasintha DHT mwa amuna | Palibe mayesero oyendetsedwa mwa anthu okhala ndi gulu loyerekezera komanso oyeza zotsatira za mahomoni omwe anapezeka pakusakaku | Palibe njira yomwedwa yotsimikizidwa pa zotsatira zimenezi | Palibe mbali kapena kukula kwa kusintha kotsimikizidwa m’chipatala komwe kunapezeka | Umboni wapadera ukufunika pa estradiol ndi dihydrotestosterone |
| Imakweza testosterone mwa kulepheretsa ntchito ya ma enzyme | Mayesero a m’labotale okhudza kugwirizana kwa mankhwala omwe ali m’chidziwitso choperekera mankhwala | Kukumana nazo kunja kwa chamoyo; testosterone inagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chomwe CYP3A4/5 imagwirapo ntchito | Kulephereka kwa ntchito ya enzyme kunaonedwa | Mayeso a kagayidwe ka zinthu m’thupi, osati zotsatira za testosterone mwa odwala |
Kafukufuku amene ali kumbuyo kwa mizere ya tebulo limeneli akuwunikidwa pansipa. Laibulale ya kafukufuku wa methylene blue imakonza umboni malinga ndi anthu kapena zinyama zoyesedwa komanso kapangidwe ka mayesero.
Zimene mayesero a cisplatin amasonyeza kwenikweni
Mu kafukufuku wa makoswe wa Gholami Jourabi ndi anzake, wofalitsidwa pa intaneti mu 2020 komanso mu Andrologia mu 2021, cisplatin inachepetsa testosterone m’gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi ndi miyezo ya umuna. Olembawo ananena kuti panali kusintha kwabwino pogwiritsa ntchito methylene blue poyerekezera ndi gulu la cisplatin, pamodzi ndi zotsatira zowunika minofu zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka.
Kuyerekeza kofunika kwambiri ndi zinyama zomwe zinavulazidwa ndi mankhwala. Muyezo wapamwamba kuposa wa gulu loyerekezera lovulala si umboni wakuti chithandizo chimakweza muyezo wa chamoyo chathanzi kuposa momwe unalili poyamba. Kafukufukuyu analinso ndi gulu lolandira methylene blue yokha, koma kuyerekeza testosterone m’chidule cha kafukufukuyo kunali ndi cisplatin, osati kusonyeza kuwonjezeka kuposa magulu athanzi osalandira chithandizo. Mayesero afupiafupi a jakisoni amenewa satsimikizira njira yomwedwa ya amuna kapena njira yotetezera kuthekera kobereka panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa.
Umboni umasonyezanso zotsatira za mbali ina pamene zinthu zoyeserazo zili zosiyana. Mu mayesero a Mazroa ndi anzake a 2016 a jakisoni woperekedwa pamalo enaake, kubaya methylene blue m’minofu ya machende a makoswe kunayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka minofu ndi kuchepa kwa testosterone m’gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi. Jakisoni pakati pa zikopa zophimba machende anayambitsa kuwonongeka kochepa komwe kunali pamalopo. Izi sizimaneneratu zotsatira za kumwa methylene blue, koma zimalepheretsa kunena kuti imateteza machende pa zochitika zonse.
Prolactin, estrogen, ndi DHT ndi mafunso osiyana
Zotsatira zokhudza prolactin zomwe zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri zimachokera ku dongosolo la mahomoni lomwe linasinthidwa mwadala. Mu mayesero a Schreiber ndi anzake a 1993, makoswe aamuna analandira jakisoni wa estradiol benzoate, methylene blue m’chakudya, zonse ziwiri, kapena palibe chilichonse. Kuphatikiza kwa ziwirizo kunachepetsa kukwera kwa prolactin yozungulira m’magazi kokhudzana ndi estradiol. Methylene blue yokha sinasinthe prolactin m’magazi.
Kusiyana pakati pa magazi ndi minofu kulinso kofunika: chithandizochi sichinalepheretse kuwonjezeka kwa prolactin m’mbali yakutsogolo ya chithokomiro cha pituitary. Choncho kafukufukuyu sasonyeza kuchepetsedwa kosavuta komanso kofanana kwa prolactin m’thupi lonse.
Kafukufuku wa 2015 wa odwala khumi omwe anali ndi ululu wochokera ku mitsempha yosokonekera, wogawa magulu mwachisawawa komanso wobisira odwala ndi ofufuza mtundu wa chithandizo amapereka chizindikiro chochepa mwa anthu. Chotsatira chachikulu choyezedwa chinali ululu. Ofufuza anayezanso mapuloteni asanalowetse komanso atalowetsa methylene blue kudzera m’mtsempha, poyerekezera milingo iwiri. Prolactin inachepa pambuyo pa milingo yonse iwiri, ndipo panali kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwirizo. Mayesowo anapereka miyezo yoyerekezera ya mapuloteni, osati kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa mahomoni komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m’chipatala. Zotsatira zoyambirira zofufuzazi sizitsimikizira kuchepa kopitirirabe kwa prolactin, kuchiza prolactin yochuluka mopitirira muyeso, kapena ubwino pa testosterone.
Kuchepetsa mmene thupi limayankhira estradiol yoperekedwa sikutsimikiziranso kuti methylene blue imachepetsa estrogen yozungulira m’magazi kapena imalepheretsa ntchito ya aromatase mwa amuna. DHT, kapena dihydrotestosterone, ndi chotsatira china chapadera cha mahomoni. Zotsatira za testosterone sizingalowe m’malo mwa zotsatira za DHT zomwe sizikupezeka. Zonena za iliyonse mwa mahomoniwa zimafunika miyezo yachindunji pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe ikuganiziridwa.
Umboni wa umuna wa anthu si mayesero a mahomoni
Mu mayesero a Sheynkin ndi anzake a 1999 a umuna wa anthu, ofufuza anasakaniza magawo a zitsanzo za madzi a umuna ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni ya ziwalo zoberekera. Methylene blue inayambitsa kuchepa kwakukulu komanso kwa nthawi yomweyo kwa kuyenda kwa umuna, kuphatikizapo pamene mphamvu yake inachepetsedwa pa mayesero. Madzi a Ringer okhala ndi lactate sanakhudze kuyenda kwa umuna.
Uwu ndi umboni wa m’labotale wochokera ku zinthu za m’thupi la anthu. Anthu omwe anatenga nawo mbali sanamwe methylene blue, ndipo ofufuza sanayeze testosterone yawo m’magazi, kutenga pakati, kapena kubadwa kwa ana amoyo. Zotsatirazi sizingatsimikizire ubwino kapena chiopsezo pa kubereka cha njira ina yoperekera methylene blue kuti ikhudze thupi lonse. Komabe, zimasonyeza chifukwa chake mawu akuti “inayesedwa pa umuna wa anthu” sayenera kufupikitsidwa kukhala “imathandiza kubereka kwa amuna.”
Kutchula testosterone kungatanthauze chinthu china chosiyana kwambiri
Chidziwitso choperekera ProvayBlue chimafotokoza kuthekera kwa kulepheretsa ntchito ya CYP3A4/5 kutengera nthawi, m’mayesero a kunja kwa chamoyo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito testosterone ngati chinthu chomwe enzyme imagwirapo ntchito. Apa, testosterone ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ntchito ya enzyme. Kutchulidwa kwake m’ndime imeneyo sikutsimikizira kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga mahomoni kapena kuchuluka kwake m’magazi a odwala.
Mofananamo, kufotokoza mmene mphamvu za m’maselo zimagwirira ntchito sikungalowe m’malo mwa mayesero a mahomoni. Kuyenerabe kusonyeza kuti njira yoperekera yomwe ikuganiziridwa imasintha chotsatira choyenera mwa anthu omwe akufunidwa.
Ngati nkhawa ndi testosterone yochepa
Ntchito yofunika ndi kutsimikizira ngati kuchepa kwa testosterone kulipo komanso chifukwa chake. Malangizo a Endocrine Society okhudza kuzindikira vutoli amafuna zizindikiro zogwirizana nalo komanso testosterone yoyezedwa yomwe imakhala yochepa mobwerezabwereza, pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso obwerezedwa m’mawa munthu asanadye. Kuwunika kwina kumasiyanitsa zifukwa zochokera ku machende ndi zifukwa zochokera ku pituitary kapena hypothalamus. Chotsatira chimodzi chokha kapena kusintha kwa mmene munthu amamvera mphamvu zake sikukwanira.
Methylene blue siyenera kulowa m’malo mwa chithandizo cha mahomoni choperekedwa ndi dokotala kapena kuwunika prolactin kapena testosterone zomwe sizili pa muyezo woyenera. Ubwino wake wosatsimikizika pa mahomoni suchotsa zoopsa zake zodziwika: chidziwitso choperekera mankhwalawo chimachenjeza za matenda a serotonin syndrome akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin, ndipo chimaletsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pali kuchepa kwa G6PD chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Kalozera wa chitetezo cha methylene blue amafotokoza zoopsa zimenezi mogwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yake.
Pa chilichonse chonenedwa chokhudza testosterone, funsani chimene chinayezedwa, mwa ndani, pogwiritsa ntchito njira iti, komanso poyerekezera ndi chiyani. Pakali pano, mafunso amenewo amatsogolera ku zotsatira za mayesero, osati ku mphamvu yotsimikizidwa yowonjezera testosterone mwa amuna.