Methylene blue ndi autizimu: kuunika kafukufuku

Methylene blue sinatsimikiziridwe kuti ndi chithandizo cha autizimu. Magwero amene anaunikidwa pa nkhaniyi sakuphatikizapo kuyesa kwa odwala kokhala ndi gulu loyerekeza komwe kumasonyeza kuti methylene blue yokha imathandiza anthu a autizimu kuchita bwino zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kusintha zotsatira zokhudzana ndi autizimu. Magwerowa akuphatikizapo kuyesa kwa chipangizo cha kuwala, kafukufuku wa m’labotale ndi wowunika anthu, komanso lipoti la wodwala amene analandira mankhwala angapo. Zolemba zimenezi zimayankha mafunso osiyanasiyana.

Chinthu choyamba chothandiza kuchita ndi kuwerenga gawo la pepala la kafukufuku limene limafotokoza zomwe anapereka kapena kuchita kwa otenga nawo mbali. Pepala lofalitsidwa lingatchule methylene blue popanda kuipereka kwa aliyense wotenga nawo mbali. Munthu angalandire methylene blue chifukwa cha vuto lina lachipatala losakhudzana ndi autizimu, koma zimenezo sizitanthauza kuti anachita kafukufuku wa chithandizo cha autizimu.

Kuyesa kwa kuwala sikunayese methylene blue

Kafukufuku wa 2024 wa ana a zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, amene anagawidwa mwachisawawa m’magulu ndipo gulu loyerekeza linalandira chithandizo choyerekeza chopanda mphamvu, anayesa photobiomodulation yodutsa m’chigaza: kuwala kwa near-infrared komwe kunaperekedwa pakhungu la pamutu pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyesedwa pa kafukufuku. Ana makumi atatu anatenga nawo mbali kwa masabata asanu ndi atatu. Njira imene inayesedwa sinaphatikizepo methylene blue.

Ofufuzawo ananena kuti kusintha kwa zigoli pa Childhood Autism Rating Scale kunasiyana ndi mapointi 7.23 pakati pa maguluwo, ndipo malire a chidaliro cha 95% anali 2.357 mpaka 12.107. Izi zinali zotsatira za muyeso wowerengera autizimu kuchokera pa kuyesa kochepa. Sizitsimikizira kuti methylene blue ili ndi zotsatira, kaya ikugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena limodzi ndi kuwala. Olemba kafukufukuyo anatchula zolepheretsa kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa anthu otenga nawo mbali, kusiya kutenga nawo mbali ndi kulowetsamo ena, komanso kusadziwa bwinobwino zotsatira za nthawi yayitali.

N’chifukwa chiyani pepalali lingatchulidwe pokambirana za methylene blue? M’magwero ake muli ndemanga ya kafukufuku wokhudza mmene utotowu umakhudzira kagwiritsidwe ka mphamvu ndi zinthu zina m’maselo a mitsempha. Gwero lotchulidwa limathandiza kufotokoza maziko a nkhani; silisintha zimene otenga nawo mbali analandira. Kusiyanitsa photobiomodulation ndi zochitika za mankhwala za methylene blue zikakhudzidwa ndi kuwala n’kofunika nthawi iliyonse imene njira yophatikiza zinthu zingapo ikugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku amene anayesa kuwala kokha.

Tebulo lotsatira zonena kufika ku kafukufuku

Gwiritsani ntchito tebulo ili kuyerekezera zonena ndi kafukufuku amene angatchulidwe kuti azichirikiza. “Wafalitsidwa” limafotokoza kuti kafukufukuyo akupezeka, osati kuti kugwira ntchito kwake kwatsimikiziridwa.

Zonena zimene zikuunikidwa	Njira kapena muyeso umene unagwiritsidwa ntchitodi	Gulu la anthu kapena chitsanzo cha kafukufuku	Zotsatira zimene zinanenedwa	Kufalitsidwa ndi mmene ziyenera kumvekera
“Kuyesa kwa autizimu kumachirikiza methylene blue.”	Kuwala kwa near-infrared kuyerekezedwa ndi chithandizo choyerekeza chopanda mphamvu; palibe methylene blue	Ana 30 a zaka 2–6	Kusintha pa muyeso wowerengera autizimu; miyeso ya EEG yofufuza koyambirira	Kuyesa kwa chipangizo cha kuwala komwe kunafalitsidwa mu 2024; sikungatsimikizire zotsatira za mankhwala
“Methylene blue imachepetsa zizindikiro za autizimu zokhudzana ndi endotoxin.”	Methylene blue yobayidwa asanaperekedwe LPS kapena asanayese khalidwe	Mbewa zamphongo m’chitsanzo cha kafukufuku wa kuvutika maganizo	Mavuto ambiri a khalidwe amene anayambitsidwa anachepa; heme oxygenase-1 inayezedwa m’madzi a m’magazi	Kuyesa pa nyama kofalitsidwa pa intaneti mu 2018 ndi m’magazini ya 2019; palibe zotsatira za odwala a autizimu
“Endotoxin ndiyo imayambitsa autizimu.”	Kuyeza endotoxin ndi zizindikiro za chitetezo cha m’thupi m’madzi a m’magazi; palibe chithandizo	Akuluakulu 22 ofotokozedwa kuti ali ndi autizimu yoopsa; anthu 28 oyerekeza omwe anasankhidwa kuti afanane nawo	Milingo yapamwamba ya endotoxin ndi mgwirizano wake ndi miyeso ya kucheza ndi anthu	Kafukufuku wowunika anthu wofalitsidwa mu 2010; satsimikizira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli kapena phindu la chithandizo
“Zotsatira zokhudza mitochondria zimatsimikizira chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito methylene blue ngati mankhwala.”	Miyeso ya mitochondria ya m’maselo a magazi; palibe chithandizo cha methylene blue	Ana 10 a autizimu a zaka 2–5 ndi ana 10 oyerekeza	Kusiyana pa kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka mitochondria ndi miyeso ya DNA	Kafukufuku wofufuza koyambirira wofalitsidwa mu 2010; palibe chotsatira choyezedwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala
“Lipoti la wodwala limatsimikizira kuti methylene blue imagwira ntchito.”	Njira za mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo zomasinthidwa, kuphatikizapo methylene blue, komanso njira zina zothandizira	Wachinyamata mmodzi amene anapezeka ndi mavuto angapo	Kusintha kwa zizindikiro kolembedwa ndi makolo ndi kupita patsogolo pa kuwunika kwa maphunziro	Lipoti la wodwala lofalitsidwa mu 2023; silingalekanitse zimene methylene blue inathandiza
“Kafukufuku walengezedwa, choncho phindu latsimikiziridwa.”	Njira yomwe ikufunidwa kuyesedwa iyenera kuunikidwa m’ndondomeko yeniyeni ya kafukufuku	Zofunikira polowa mu kafukufuku zimafotokoza anthu amene akufuna kuti atenge nawo mbali	Zotsatira zomwe zakonzedwa kuti ziyezedwe si zotsatira zomwe zawonedwa	Kulengeza kapena kulembetsa kokha sikumapereka deta ya zotsatira za odwala

Zimene kuyesa kwa endotoxin kumasonyezadi

Zokambirana pa bwalo la pa intaneti zogwirizanitsa methylene blue, autizimu, ndi endotoxin zimasonyeza mmene zonena zingapo zingaphatikizidwire. Zimapereka mafunso a owerenga, osati umboni wa kafukufuku wa odwala.

Pepala limodzi lofunika pa nkhaniyi ndi kuyesa kwa Yin ndi anzake pa mbewa kokhudza mavuto a khalidwe oyambitsidwa ndi LPS. LPS, kapena lipopolysaccharide, inagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa kutupa m’chitsanzo cha kafukufuku wa kuvutika maganizo. Ofufuzawo anapereka methylene blue mwa kubaya m’bowo la pamimba asanayambitse vutolo kapena asanayese khalidwe. Anayeza khalidwe la mbewa zikakakamizidwa kusambira ndi zikapachikidwa ndi mchira, kukonda sucrose, kuzindikira zinthu, ndi chizindikiro china cha m’magazi.

Kapangidwe ka kafukufuku kameneka kamafunsa ngati kupereka mankhwala pasadakhale kumasintha mmene thupi limayankhira vuto limene layambitsidwa mwadala poyesa. Sikufunsa ngati methylene blue yomwedwa imathandiza munthu wamkulu wa autizimu amene amatopa, kuchepetsa zizindikiro za m’mimba ndi m’matumbo mwa ana, kapena kusintha autizimu. Sikuyesanso zakudya “zopanda endotoxin” kapena kutsimikizira kuti utotowu umachotsa mabakiteriya a m’matumbo opanga endotoxin.

Mgwirizano umene unapezeka mwa anthu ndi chotsatira china chosiyana. Emanuele ndi anzake anayeza endotoxin mwa akuluakulu 22 a autizimu ndi anthu 28 oyerekeza, ndipo anapeza milingo yapamwamba m’gulu la autizimu komanso mgwirizano ndi miyeso ya kucheza ndi anthu. Sanayese chithandizo chilichonse chochepetsa endotoxin. Kusiyana pakati pa magulu sikuyankha kuti n’chiyani chinayambitsa chinzake, zinthu zina zimene zingathandizire pa kusiyanako, kapena ngati kusintha muyesowo kungathandize aliyense. Kafukufuku wokhudza methylene blue ndi tizilombo ta m’matumbo amafunanso kusiyanitsa miyeso ya m’thupi ndi phindu kwa odwala.

Malingaliro okhudza mitochondria ndi lipoti la wodwala wolandira mankhwala angapo

Mitochondria zimathandiza kupanga mphamvu m’maselo. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka kuzifufuza, koma chifukwa chomveka chofufuzira chinthu sichitanthauza kuti chithandizo chatsimikiziridwa. Mu kafukufuku wofufuza koyambirira wa Giulivi ndi anzake, ofufuzawo anayerekezera mitochondria ya m’maselo oyera a magazi otchedwa lymphocytes a ana 10 a autizimu ndi ya ana 10 oyerekeza. Anapeza kusiyana pa miyeso ingapo ya kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndi ya DNA ya mitochondria. Sanapereke methylene blue kapena kutsimikizira kuti anthu onse a autizimu ali ndi vuto limodzi lofanana la mitochondria.

Umboni wa mtundu wina umachokera ku lipoti la 2023 la wachinyamata amene analandira chithandizo cha mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo. Methylene blue inali imodzi mwa mankhwala angapo amene anayamba kuperekedwa m’njira zomasinthidwa zothandizira matenda amene ankakayikiridwa kuti afalitsidwa ndi tizilombo tonyamula matenda. Olemba lipotilo anafotokoza kuchepa kwa zizindikiro zolembedwa ndi makolo komanso kupita patsogolo pa kuwunika kwa maphunziro. Panalibe gulu loyerekeza losalandira chithandizo, ndipo njira zingapo zothandizira zinasintha pakapita nthawi. Lipotilo silingatiuze zimene zikanachitika popanda chithandizo kapena kuti ndi mbali iti imene inathandiza. Silitsimikizira kuti matenda opatsirana ndiwo amafotokoza autizimu mwa anthu onse.

Fotokozani chotsatira chimene mukufuna musanaganizire chithandizo

Munthu wa autizimu amene akufuna kuchepetsa kutopa, kusowa tulo, kupweteka, nkhawa, kapena zizindikiro za m’mimba ndi m’matumbo ayenera kuunikidwa pa vuto lenilenilo. Kugona bwino kungakhale kofunika kwambiri popanda kusonyeza kuti autizimu yasinthadi. Kumbali ina, kusintha kwa muyeso wa m’labotale kungakhale kopanda kusintha kulikonse kooneka pa moyo wa munthuyo.

Pa zonena zatsopano zilizonse, lembani chotsatira chimene chikufunidwa, amene anachiyeza, chimene chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza, ndi nthawi imene kusinthako kunakhalapo. Siyanitsani zolinga za munthuyo ndi moyo wake ndi maganizo a munthu womuwona akuti akuchita zinthu mofanana kwambiri ndi anthu ena. Kuunika ndondomeko ya methylene blue ya pa intaneti kumatanthauzanso kutsimikizira kuti kuphatikiza kwake konse kunafufuzidwa.

Kulengeza kumafotokoza kafukufuku amene akufuna kuchitika. Zolemba m’kaundula wa kafukufuku zingafotokoze chiwerengero cha anthu amene akufuna kulembetsa ndi zotsatira zomwe akufuna kuyeza. Zonsezi sizingalowe m’malo mwa zotsatira zosonyeza anthu angati analandira chithandizo, zimene zinachitika m’gulu lililonse, ndi zovuta zimene zinachitika. Ngakhale kafukufuku wolembedwa kuti wamalizidwa angakhale wopanda zotsatira zomwe zafalitsidwa kwa anthu onse.

Malangizo apano a ku US operekera ProvayBlue kudzera m’mtsempha wa magazi amakhudza methemoglobinemia yomwe munthu wayamba nayo pambuyo pobadwa, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana. Sapereka ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha autizimu. Amachenjeza za vuto lalikulu la serotonin syndrome likagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin ndi ma opioid, ndipo amaletsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa anthu amene ali ndi kusowa kwa G6PD chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira. Nkhani zimenezi zimafuna kuunika mankhwala omwe munthu akumwa ndi mbiri yake ya zachipatala, osati kuwerengera mlingo wa mankhwala pa intaneti.

Musachepetse mlingo wa ndondomeko ya munthu wamkulu yofuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kuti muigwiritse ntchito kwa mwana. Umboni wokhudza methylene blue mwa ana uyenera kugwirizana ndi matenda amene apezeka, mtundu wa mankhwala opangidwawo, njira yoperekera, ndi gulu la zaka. Kafukufuku amene watsatiridwa pano satsimikizira mlingo wa autizimu woyenera ana kapena chithandizo cha methylene blue cha kutopa komwe kumachitika limodzi ndi autizimu.