Nkhani
Makapisozi ndi mapiritsi a methylene blue poyerekeza ndi madontho amadzimadzi
Makapisozi ndi mapiritsi a methylene blue amapereka gawo loyezedwa kale. Madontho amadzimadzi amafunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa methylene blue pa voliyumu inayake ndi kuyeza voliyumu kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake. Kusiyana kumeneku pa kagwiritsidwe ndi koonekeratu. Kudziwa mtundu umene umalowetsa methylene blue yambiri m'magazi ndi funso lina lomwe limafunikira umboni wokhudza kapangidwe kenikweni ka mankhwalawo.
Kapisozi, piritsi, kachidutswa ka filimu kosungunukira mkamwa, kapena piritsi loyamwa ndi njira yoperekera chinthucho m'thupi, osati mulingo wa ubwino wake. Maonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito sangatsimikizire kuti chosakanizacho ndi chimene chikunenedwa, kuchuluka kwake ndi kolondola, chili ndi phindu lachipatala, kapena n'choyenera kwa munthu winawake. Yerekezerani mafunso amenewa payekhapayekha musanasankhe mtundu.
Kodi chimasintha n'chiyani methylene blue ikapangidwa kukhala piritsi?
Kapisozi imatsekera zinthu zodzaza mkati mwa chikuto. Piritsi limapangidwa mwa kukanikiza zosakaniza kuti zikhale gawo lolimba, ndipo nthawi zina limakhala ndi zokutira. Zinthu zothandizira ndi zosakaniza zina kupatula chinthu chogwira ntchito: zingawonjezere kuchuluka, kugwirizanitsa piritsi, kuthandiza kuti lisweke, kapena kulamulira kutulutsidwa kwake. Kukhalapo kwawo sikutanthauza kokha kuti chinthucho n'chosauka. Dzina la zinthu zimenezi ndi cholinga chake ziyenera kuululidwa.
Madzi omwedwa amakhala kale ndi chinthu chosungunuka, choncho safunikira chikuto cha kapisozi kapena mkati mwa piritsi kusweka. Zimenezi zimachotsa sitepe imodzi yokhudzana ndi kapangidwe; sizitsimikizira kuti zotsatira za kuchipatala zimachitika msanga kapena kuti kuchuluka konse koyamwidwa m'thupi kumakhala kwakukulu. Kapangidweko kamakhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthucho pa voliyumu inayake, zosakaniza zina, choyikamo, ndi zofunikira posunga.
Kapangidwe ka kutulutsidwa kakhozanso kukhala kokonzedwa mwadala. Kufotokoza kwa EMA za Lumeblue kumafotokoza piritsi la methylene blue loperekedwa ndi chilolezo cha dokotala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zinthu zioneke bwino poyang'ana mkati mwa matumbo aakulu ndi kamera. Zokutira zake ndi kutulutsa kwake pang'onopang'ono zimathandiza kufikitsa utoto m'matumbo aakulu. Awa ndi mankhwala enieni ozindikira matenda omwe ali ndi cholinga chenicheni. Kukhalapo kwawo sikutsimikizira ubwino wa piritsi logulitsidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito zina zosagwirizana, ndipo njira yake yotulutsira chinthucho siyenera kuganiziridwa kuti imagwira ntchito pa chinthu chilichonse chotchedwa piritsi.
Zimene kafukufuku wa kuyamwidwa m'thupi angakuuzeni kwenikweni
Mu kafukufuku wa gawo I wa Walter-Sack ndi anzake, anthu 16 athanzi odzipereka anatenga nawo mbali poyerekeza methylene blue yolowetsedwa mumtsempha ndi methylene blue yosungunulidwa m'madzi yomwedwa. Dongosolo la kupeza mitundu iwiriyi linasankhidwa mwachisawawa, ndipo aliyense analandira mitundu yonseyi pa nthawi zosiyana. Ofufuzawo ananena kuti avareji ya gawo lofika m'magazi poyerekeza ndi lolowetsedwa mumtsempha inali 72.3%, ndipo kupatuka kokhazikika kunali 23.9%. Muyeso umenewu umayerekezera kuchuluka kofika m'magazi oyenda m'thupi poyerekezera ndi kolowetsedwa mumtsempha, poganiziranso kuchuluka koperekedwa.
Zimenezi zikuthandizira mfundo yakuti kapangidwe ka m'madzi koyezedwako kanayamwidwa kwambiri m'thupi m'mikhalidwe imeneyo. Sizikhazikitsa peresenti imodzi yogwira ntchito pa mabotolo onse okhala ndi choperekera madontho. Kafukufukuyo sanayerekezenso mwachindunji makapisozi, mapiritsi, mafilimu osungunukira mkamwa, ndi mapiritsi oyamwa omwe akugulitsidwa masiku ano.
Kuyerekeza kafukufuku wosagwirizana kungasocheretse ngati kuchuluka koperekedwa, anthu otenga nawo mbali, mikhalidwe ya chakudya, ndandanda yotenga zitsanzo, kapena njira yosanthula zili zosiyana. Peresenti yapamwamba imene yalembedwa mu kafukufuku wina siyokwanira kuika zinthu ziwiri zogulitsidwa m'magulu a ubwino.
Malangizo a ICH M13A okhudza kufanana kwa mmene mankhwala amafikirira m'thupi amafotokoza chifukwa chake poyerekeza zinthu amayesa miyezo ya kupezeka kwa mankhwala m'thupi, monga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwambiri m'magazi ndi dera la pansi pa mzere wa kuchuluka poyerekeza ndi nthawi. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwambiri kumafotokoza mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri woyezedwa; dera la pansi pa mzere limafotokoza mwachidule kupezeka kwake m'thupi pa nthawi yonse. Kapangidwe kangasinthe nthawi yomwe chinthucho chimapezeka m'thupi popanda kusintha mofanana kuchuluka konse komwe kumafika.
Ngati wogulitsa akunena kuti chinthu chake chimayamwidwa bwino kwambiri m'thupi, funsani zosakaniza zonse za chinthu choyezedwacho, njira yoperekera, chinthu chomwe anayerekezera nacho, gulu la anthu ofufuzidwa, ndi chotsatira chimene anayezera. Kanema wa kusungunuka amasonyeza chinthu chikufalikira. Sayeza kuyamwidwa m'thupi la munthu.
Kuyerekeza mitundu: zilembo, zosakaniza, umboni, kagwiritsidwe
Tebulo ili ndi chothandizira pogula, osati kusanja zinthu malinga ndi mphamvu yake ya kuchipatala. Zomwe zili mmenemu zikufotokoza zoyenera kufufuza; zinthu zenizeni zimasiyana.
| Mtundu | Zilembo za kuchuluka koyenera kuyang'ana | Zinthu zothandizira zoyenera kudziwa | Zikalata zoyenera kupempha | Kusiyana pa kagwiritsidwe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kapisozi | Mamiligalamu pa kapisozi ndi makapisozi pa gawo limodzi logwiritsira ntchito lotchulidwa | Chinthu chopangira chikuto, zosakaniza zodzaza, zinthu zina zogwira ntchito zowonjezeredwa | Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa chinthu m'gawo lomalizidwa, kufanana kwa kuchuluka pakati pa magawo, mfundo za kutulutsidwa, chizindikiritso cha gulu lopangidwa limodzi | Gawo lokhazikika losavuta kunyamula; zofunikira pa kumeza ndi malangizo okhudza kutsegula n'zofunika |
| Piritsi | Mamiligalamu pa piritsi; kutulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo, mochedwa, kapena kwa nthawi yaitali; kugawa kulikonse kotsimikizidwa | Zogwirizanitsa, zoonjezera kuchuluka, zothandiza kusweka, zopaka kuti zisamamatire, zokutira | Kuyesa kuchuluka, kufanana, kusweka kapena kusungunuka malinga ndi kufunikira; umboni wa kugawa ngati zikunenedwa kuti n'kovomerezeka | Palibe kuyeza madzi; kuphwanya kapena kugawa kungasinthe mmene chinthucho chimaperekedwera |
| Madontho amadzimadzi | Mamiligalamu pa mililita, maziko omveka a kuchuluka kwake m'madzi, voliyumu yoyezedwa ya gawo logwiritsira ntchito | Chosungunulira, zotetezera kuti chisawonongeke, zokometsera, zinthu zina zogwira ntchito | Kuchuluka kwa chinthucho m'madzi omalizidwa, kuyezetsa koyenera kwa zodetsa ndi tizilombo, mfundo za choyikamo ndi kukhalabe kosasintha | Amafunikira kuyeza; kutayika ndi kusiya madontho a mtundu pokhudza zinthu n'zofunika kuziganizira |
| Kachidutswa ka filimu kosungunukira mkamwa | Mamiligalamu pa kachidutswa kathunthu ndi zidutswa pa gawo logwiritsira ntchito | Zosakaniza zopanga filimu, zofewetsa, zotsekemera, zokometsera | Kufanana kwa kuchuluka m'gawo lililonse, kukhalabe kosasintha, kusweka; deta ya anthu yotsimikizira zonena zilizonse za kuyamwidwa m'thupi | Gawo laling'ono; choyikamo ndi malangizo okhudza chinyezi n'zofunika; musaganize kuti kudula kumasunga kulondola kwa kuchuluka |
| Piritsi loyamwa | Mamiligalamu pa piritsi loyamwa, kukula kwa gawo logwiritsira ntchito, njira yogwiritsira ntchito yokonzedwa | Maziko a shuga kapena opanda shuga, zogwirizanitsa, zokometsera, zinthu zina zogwira ntchito zowonjezeredwa | Kufanana kwa kuchuluka m'gawo lililonse, mmene limatulutsira chinthucho, umboni wa anthu wokhudza njira yeniyeni yoperekera | Limasungunuka mkamwa; nthawi yokhudzana ndi mkamwa ndi mmene limamezedwera zimasiyana ndi kapisozi yosatsegulidwa |
Mungathe kutsitsa pepala loyerekezera ndi lolemberapo mfundo za wopereka zinthu kuti mulembepo umboni wa zinthu ziwiri zomwe mukuganizira kusankha.
Werengani gawo limene nambalayo ikunena musanayerekeze nambalayo
“Mamiligalamu pa gawo logwiritsira ntchito” angatanthauze makapisozi kapena zidutswa za filimu zingapo. “Mamiligalamu pa botolo” amatanthauza zonse zomwe zili m'choyikamocho. Palibe mwa mawuwa amene amangofotokoza gawo limodzi. Pa madzi, kuchuluka kwa chinthu m'gawo loyezedwa kumapezeka mwa kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwake pa voliyumu inayake ndi voliyumu yoyezedwa; kuwerenga madontho kumafunikira mgwirizano wotsimikizidwa ndi voliyumu pa choperekera madontho chimene chaperekedwa.
Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cholembedwa kuti “12 mg pa gawo logwiritsira ntchito; kukula kwa gawo ndi makapisozi 3” chimanena 4 mg pa kapisozi, ngati zomwe zili mmenemo zikugwirizana ndi chizindikirocho. Sichimanena kuti muli 12 mg mu kapisozi iliyonse. Uku ndi kuwerengera zimene zalembedwa pa chizindikiro, osati kuchuluka kolimbikitsidwa kuti munthu atenge.
Funsani kuti mamiligalamu otchulidwawo akuwerengedwa potengera mtundu uti wa chinthucho ngati zilembo kapena ziphaso zikutchula mitundu yosiyana ya mankhwala kapena njira zosiyana zowerengera poyezetsa. Kuyerekeza mitengo ya mabotolo musanamvetsetse gawo lomwe likuyezedwa ndi mtundu weniweni wa chinthucho kungapereke kuyerekeza kwa mtengo kopanda tanthauzo.
Magawo oyezedwa kale amadaliranso kusasinthasintha pa kupanga. Kuyesa zinthu zosonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kungafotokoze avareji koma osayankha za kusiyana kwa gawo ndi gawo. Funso ndi lakuti kodi gawo lililonse lomalizidwa limakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zanenedwa mosasinthasintha, osati kungoti chosakaniza choyambirira chinadutsa kuyezetsa kuyera kwake.
Mafilimu ndi mapiritsi oyamwa: kusungunuka si umboni wa kuyamwidwa m'thupi
“Kudzera mkamwa,” “pansi pa lilime,” ndi “m'kati mwa tsaya” sizitanthauza chimodzimodzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito pansi pa lilime kumatanthauza kuika chinthucho pansi pa lilime; kugwiritsa ntchito m'kati mwa tsaya kumatanthauza kuchiika moyandikana ndi mkati mwa tsaya. Chinthu chosungunuka m'malovu chingamezedwe pambuyo pake. Kutha kwake mkamwa sikutsimikizira kuchuluka komwe kwadutsa mu nembanemba ya mkamwa.
Malangizo a FDA okhudza mapiritsi osweka mkamwa amaona kusweka ngati khalidwe la mtundu wa mankhwala. Si chiphaso chotsimikizira kuti gawo lofika m'magazi n'lalikulu kuposa la mitundu ina. Pa mafilimu kapena mapiritsi oyamwa a methylene blue, funsani umboni wa kafukufuku wa anthu wokhudza mmene chinthucho chimalowera, kuyendera, ndi kuchoka m'thupi, pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kenikweni ndi njira yokonzedwa yoperekera. Magwero omwe anapezeka pa kuyerekeza uku sanatsimikizire kuti mafilimu kapena mapiritsi oyamwa ogulitsidwa amaposa makapisozi kapena madzi.
Yang'anani zosakaniza zonse m'malo moona mawu akuti “wopanda shuga” kapena “wosungunuka msanga” ngati kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe. Maswiti a methylene blue otafuna ali ndi mafunso awo okhudza zosakaniza ndi kuyezetsa.
Sankhani kuyenera kotsimikizidwa ndi zikalata, kenako kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
Musangopanga magawo ang'onoang'ono mwa kutsegula makapisozi kapena kudula mafilimu. Pa mapiritsi, malangizo a FDA okhudza kugawa mapiritsi amafotokoza kuti chinthu chopanda malangizo ogawa omwe ayesedwa sichikhala chatsimikizira nthawi zonse kuti mbali zake ziwiri zili ndi mankhwala ofanana kapena zimagwira ntchito mofanana. Kapangidwe kosintha mmene chinthucho chimatulutsidwira kamafunikira kusamala mwapadera.
Kusintha mtundu sikuchotsanso mmene methylene blue imagwirira ntchito m'thupi. Kugwirizana kwake ndi mankhwala ena kumakhalabe kofunika; gwiritsani ntchito malangizo okhudza kugwirizana kwa methylene blue ndi mankhwala ena pokonzekera mafunso oti mufunse dokotala kapena katswiri wa mankhwala. Chinthu chomwedwa cha EMA chozindikira matenda chilinso ndi mikhalidwe imene sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo kusowa kwa G6PD ndi kukhala ndi pakati, zomwe zikusonyeza chifukwa chake “chomwedwa” sichitanthauza kuti n'choyenera kwa aliyense popanda malire.
Posankha chogula, choyamba tsimikizirani ntchito yokonzedwa, udindo wa chinthucho malinga ndi malamulo, zilembo zomveka, ndi umboni wa chinthu chomalizidwa wolumikizidwa ndi gulu lake lopangidwa limodzi. Kenako yerekezerani kumeza, kuyeza, kunyamulika, zosakaniza, ndi choyikamo potengera chosowa chenicheni. Mndandanda wa wogula woyerekezera zinthu umapereka njira yotakata yowunika ubwino. Kapisozi ingathetse vuto la kagwiritsidwe; madzi angakwaniritse chosowa cha kuyeza. Palibe mfundo imeneyi yomwe imatsimikizira kufanana kwa kuyamwidwa m'thupi kapena phindu lachipatala.