Te puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru me te matū kore wai: te tātai, te papatipu, me te tapanga

Ka taea e ngā pounamu e rua te kī he puru metilīni ō rāua ihirangi, engari me pauna tonu he papatipu rerekē mō te whakamātau kotahi. Ko tētahi kua tapaina he puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru. Ko tā tērā atu he puru metilīni noa iho. Ka pauna tētahi kairangahau i te 100 mg mai i ia pounamu, ka whakarite kia ōrite te rōrahi, ā, ka puta he kukū tae rerekē. Kāore he whakapoke, ā, kāore hoki he hapa i te whakamahi paipa ine. He rerekē noa iho te nui o te wai mō ia waeine tae i ngā paura e rua.

Koinei te ariā matua o te whakataurite i te puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru ki te puru metilīni. Ko te pūhui matū he methylthioninium chloride i ngā wā e rua. He rerekē te matū e paunatia ana nā te mea ka tāpiri te wai whakatioata i te papatipu, engari kāore e tāpiri i te tae. Kia tika te whakamahi i te matū, me wehe ngā ariā e toru: te tuakiri o te momo whai wai, te parakore ā-matū, me te pūtake ine. Ka whakamārama taipitopito te tohutoro matū mō te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te puru metilīni i te rerekētanga o te katote tae me te tote chloride. Ka whakamārama tēnei whārangi i te rerekētanga o te tote me ōna momo whai wai.

Ko te kore wai, te whai wai, me te whai rāpoi wai e toru he ingoa mō ngā momo rerekē e paunatia ana

Ko te tātai o te puru metilīni chloride kore wai he C16H18ClN3S, ā, ko tōna papatipu tātai he 319.85 g/mol i te arokite o te monokarāwhi USP mō te puru metilīni. E whakaahua ana tēnei i te tote kāore he wai whakatioata e hono ana.

Ko te puru metilīni whai wai ko taua tote anō me te wai e hono ana i roto i te matū totoka, ā, ka tuhia ko C16H18ClN3S.xH2O. Ko te uara o x e tohu ana i te maha o ngā rāpoi wai mō tētahi waeine tātai tote i te hanganga kua tohua. Kāore tēnei e whakaahua ana i te wai ka tāpirihia ki tētahi wairewa.

Ko te puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru te momo e ōrite ana te x ki te 3, ka tuhia ko C16H18ClN3S.3H2O, ko C16H24ClN3O3S rānei, ā, he 373.90 g/mol te papatipu tātai. Ka whakarārangihia tēnei tātai me tēnei papatipu i te pūkete PubChem mō te puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru i raro i te CID 104827. Ka whakarārangihia te tātai kore wai C16H18ClN3S me te papatipu 319.9 g/mol i te pūkete PubChem mō te puru metilīni i raro i te CID 6099. I ngā pūkete e rua, kāore te katote tae e rerekē: kotahi te katote methylthioninium mō ia waeine tātai. Ko te wai e hono ana anake te mea rerekē.

He ripanga tohutoro mō ngā momo whai wai me te papatipu

Ko te ripanga i raro nei te rauemi tohutoro mō tēnei whārangi. E whai ana ngā papatipu tātai mō ngā momo tote i te USP. Kua whakaurua te rārangi katote kia mārama ai te wāhi tīmata mō ngā tātaitanga wairewa.

He nui te rerekētanga mō te whakamahinga. Mō te rahinga tae kotahi, he tata ki te 16.9% nui ake te papatipu o te momo whai rāpoi wai e toru e tino hāngai ana ki tōna tātai i tō te tote kore wai e tino hāngai ana ki tōna tātai, nā te mea ko te 373.90 ka whakawehea ki te 319.85 ka hua ko te 1.169. Nō reira, ki te pōhēhē ko tētahi momo te tētahi atu, ka puta he hapa kukū tata ki te 17% i mua i te whakaarotanga ki ētahi atu pūtake hapa.

He tauira whakamārama me ngā tātaitanga

Ka tīmata te tauira 1 i te paura. Whakaarohia e whakaatu ana tētahi pauna i te 100.0 mg o te puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru e kīia ana he parakore. Ko te papatipu tote e ōrite ana ki te momo kore wai ko te 100.0 mg ka whakareatia ki te 319.85, ka whakawehea ki te 373.90, ā, ka hua ko te 85.5 mg. Ko te rahinga tae ko te 0.1000 g ka whakawehea ki te 373.90 g/mol, ā, ka hua ko te 267.5 micromol o te katote methylthioninium. Ko te toenga 14.5 mg e ai ki te tātai kua tohua he wai whakatioata, ehara i te poke.

Ka tīmata te tauira 2 i tētahi kukū e whāia ana. Hei whakarite i te 1.000 rita o tētahi wairewa tae 1.000 mM mai i te tote kore wai e tino hāngai ana ki tōna tātai, paunatia te 319.85 mg. Hei whakarite i taua wairewa anō mai i te momo whai rāpoi wai e toru e tino hāngai ana ki tōna tātai, paunatia te 373.90 mg. Ko te whakapae o ia tātaitanga, he tino hāngai te matū ki te momo whai wai kua tohua, ā, he katoa tōna ihirangi. Mō tētahi paura tūturu, whakatikaina mā te tiwhikete tātari, ā, whakaūngia mēnā ko te pūtake o te whakamātautau ihirangi ko te matū i tōna āhua i te taenga mai, ko te matū kua whakamaroketia, ko te matū kore wai rānei. Ka āta whakaatu te tātaitai kukū ā-mole mō te puru metilīni i te momo whai wai me te pūtake o te whakamātautau ihirangi, kia kore ai taua whakatikatika e ngaro i te hurihanga waeine.

Ngā mea e whakamanahia ana e te tapanga me ngā mea kāore e whakamanahia

He whakapuakanga mārama te ingoa puru metilīni whai rāpoi wai e toru: ko te tātai kua tohua he C16H18ClN3S.3H2O, ā, ko te tikanga ka whakamahia te 373.90 g/mol mō ngā tātaitanga, ki te kore te whakaritenga e kī kē. He iti ake te mōhiohio o te ingoa puru metilīni whai wai. E tohu ana he wai kei roto i te momo e whakaarotia ana, engari ki te kore he tau, he tātai, he tau CAS, he whakaritenga rānei, kāore e whakaū ana i te nui o te wai e uru ana ki te tātai.

Kāore te ingoa puru metilīni anake e whakaū he matū kore wai. Ko te tuhinga o te pukapuka paerewa e mau ana i te taitara Methylene Blue kua tuhia hei C16H18ClN3S.xH2O, ā, kāore te taitara e tohu i te x. Ka taea hoki e ngā ingoa i ngā pātengi raraunga te whakapohehe. Ka tapaina e PubChem tōna pūkete mō te momo kore wai, CID 6099, ko methylene blue, engari kāore taua tikanga whakaingoa e tohu ana he matū kore wai kei ia pounamu hokohoko e mau ana i taua ingoa poto. Pānuitia ngātahitia te tātai, te tau CAS, te tohu mō te momo whai wai, te ngaronga papatipu i te whakamaroketanga, te whakaritenga wai rānei, me te pūtake o te whakamātautau ihirangi.

Ka āwhina ngā tau CAS mēnā kua oti katoa. Ko te tau mō te puru metilīni chloride kore wai ko te 61-73-4 i te nuinga o te wā, ā, ko tō te momo whai rāpoi wai e toru ko te 7220-79-3. Ka whakarārangi hoki te USP i ngā tāurunga mō te momo whai rāpoi wai kotahi, te momo whai rāpoi wai e rima, me tētahi momo whai wai kāore i āta tohua. Nā te mea ka tāruaruatia i ētahi wā te tau CAS kotahi mō ngā momo rerekē i ngā pūkete pātengi raraunga kua whakahiatotia, whakamahia te CAS hei taunakitanga tautoko, kaua hei whakakapi mō te tātai kua tohua.

Te pūtake ine: he whakamātautau motuhake te ihirangi i runga i te pūtake maroke, te ihirangi wai, me te parakore

Ka tautuhi te USP i te ihirangi puru metilīni hei 97.0% ki te 103.0% o te C16H18ClN3S, kua tātaihia i runga i te pūtake maroke. He whai tikanga taua kīanga. Ka whakakore ā-pāngarau tētahi hua i runga i te pūtake maroke i te ngaronga papatipu i te whakamaroketanga i mua i te whakaaturanga o te ihirangi tae. Nō reira, ka taea e te momo parakore whai rāpoi wai e toru me te momo parakore whai rāpoi wai e rima te tata ki te 100% i runga i te pūtake maroke, ahakoa he tino rerekē ō rāua papatipu mō ia mole i tō rāua āhua i te taenga mai.

Ka whakahaerehia motuhaketia te wai mā te ngaronga papatipu i te whakamaroketanga. Ka whakamaroke te monokarāwhi o nāianei i te tauira ki te 105 nekehanga C mō te 5 hāora, ā, ko te awhe whakaaetanga he 8.0% ki te 24.0%. Ka ine te ngaronga papatipu i te whakamaroketanga i ngā matū ngāwari te whakaeto ka panaia atu i raro i aua tikanga. Ehara tēnei i te tikanga ine e hāngai pū ana ki te wai, pēnei i te ine wai Karl Fischer, ā, kāore hoki e tautuhi i tētahi momo hanganga tioata. Nō reira, kāore te ōwehenga toharite e tata ana ki ngā rāpoi wai e toru mō ia waeine tae e whakaū, māna anake, i tētahi hanganga tioata motuhake whai rāpoi wai e toru. Kua pūrongotia i ngā rangahau mō te puru metilīni totoka ētahi momo hanganga whai wai me ngā ranunga. Nō reira, me whakamahi te tātari pārara, te tātari waiariki rānei hei tautuhi i te momo hanganga ina whai take te hanganga ake, kaua ko te ōwehenga wai toharite anake.

Ka whakamārama hoki tēnei wehenga he aha te hua whakamātautau ihirangi kei runga ake i te 100% e kore ai e tohu aunoa i tētahi hapa taiwhanga. Ka taea e te tātaitanga i runga i te pūtake maroke, te whakatikatika mō te wai e toe ana, te uara kua whakaritea mō te paerewa tohutoro, te hē rānei o te momo whai wai i whakamahia, te neke i te tau. Ka whakaatu te tātari taipitopito o ngā tauira i te tuhinga he aha te whakamātautau ihirangi puru metilīni ka puta ai he hua kei runga ake i te 100% i te āhua o ngā hapa pūtake e rite ana ki ngā hapa parakore.

Mō te hoko me ngā arowhai kounga, he mārama te pānga. Mā te ū ki te USP ka whiwhi te kaihoko i te taumata parakore teitei rawa e wātea ana i te mākete, nā te mea ka kapi i te whakaritenga te tuakiri, te ihirangi tae, ngā poke waro, ngā whakarewa e toe ana, ngā poke huānga, te toenga i muri i te tahu, ngā paenga moroiti, me ngā endotoxin huakita. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko e kī ana e ū ana rātou ki te USP, he wāhanga iti noa iho o taua rārangi tā rātou e whakamātautau ana. Ka whakamātautau a Blupreme i te whakaritenga USP katoa me tētahi hoa mahi hanga rongoā, ā, ka whakaputa i te tiwhikete tātari katoa. Mā reira ka taea te pānui ngātahi i te momo whai wai, te hua wai, me te whakamātautau ihirangi i runga i te pūtake maroke, kaua e whakapae noa mai i te tapanga o mua. Ina whakataurite i ngā kaiwhakarato, tonoa ngā mea e toru katoa: te tātai kua tohua mō te momo whai wai, te hua wai, te hua ngaronga papatipu i te whakamaroketanga rānei, me te whakamātautau ihirangi me tōna pūtake kua tohua.

Me pēhea te pānui i tētahi tapanga puru metilīni i te pānuitanga kotahi

Tuatahi, kimihia te tohu mō te momo whai wai me te tātai. Ki te kī te tapanga he puru metilīni noa iho, kaua e whakapae he 319.85 g/mol. Tuarua, pānuitia te pūtake o te whakamātautau ihirangi. Kāore e taea te whakamahi tōtika mō te kukū ā-mole tētahi ōrau kāore e whai kupu ana mō te āhua i te taenga mai, te āhua kua whakamaroketia, te āhua kore wai rānei. Tuatoru, pānuitia te wai, te ngaronga papatipu i te whakamaroketanga rānei, kia motuhake i ngā poke. Ka whakamārama te wai i ngā rerekētanga papatipu i waenga i ngā momo whai wai. Ka whakamārama ngā whakamātautau mō ngā matū whai pānga, te Azure B, ngā konganuku, ngā whakarewa, me ngā moroiti i te parakore ā-matū, ā-koiora hoki. Kia wehe aua rōpū e rua, ka mārama ngā taupatupatu e kitea nuitia ana i ngā putumōhio: ka pūrongo tētahi pūkete i te katote, ka pūrongo tētahi atu i te tote, ā, ka pūrongo te tuatoru i te momo whai rāpoi wai e toru. He tika katoa, nā te mea he mea rerekē tā ia tau e whakaahua ana.