Ehara te puru methyl i te puru methylene: ngā tau CAS, ngā hanganga, me ngā whakamahinga

E rua ngā pounamu kei runga i te tēpu mahi. Kei tētahi te ingoa puru methyl. Kei tērā atu te ingoa puru methylene. Ki te kaipānui ngenge, he kupu kotahi kua tuhia kia rua. Ki te ao matū, e rua ēnei rāpoi ngota rerekē.

He raruraru whakaingoa tēnei e whai pānga tūturu ana. Ki te tonoa te waikano hē, ka rerekē te mahi whakakano, kāore te tohu whakahāora-whakaheke e puta mai, ka uru rānei ki te ranunga tētahi pūhui kāore anō kia whakamanahia e tētahi. He māmā te whakatika: whakamahia te ingoa noa hei tīwhiri, ko te tautohu hei whakatau. Tirohia te tau CAS, te tau Colour Index, me te āhua wai here i mua i ngā mea katoa.

Te whakautu poto

He waikano phenothiazine iti, tōrunga te utanga hiko, te puru methylene, C.I. 52015. Ko tōna pūtake he pūnaha tuku tae kiato, e toru ōna mowhiti, e rua hoki ōna rōpū dimethylamino. He waikano triarylmethane nui, tōraro te utanga hiko, te puru methyl, C.I. 42780, he mea hanga mai i ngā wāhanga triphenylmethane kua tāpirihia he rōpū sulfonate. He whanaunga ō rāua tae, ā, he wāhanga kotahi o ō rāua ingoa e rite ana. Tata kore he āhuatanga kē e rite ana.

He tata ake te puru toluidine O ki te puru methylene. He waikano thiazine tōrunga ēnei e rua, engari he rōpū amino kotahi me tētahi rōpū methyl whakakapi i runga i te mowhiti o te puru toluidine O, kei te wāhi o te rōpū dimethylamino tuarua o te puru methylene. Nā taua huringa iti ka neke tōna tihi ngongo marama me tōna kōwhiringa whakakano, nō reira kāore hoki e taea te whakamahi i tētahi hei whakakapi i tērā atu.

Te ripanga tuakiri: tirohia ēnei āpure i ia tono hoko

Ka rerekē haere ngā ingoa i ngā rārangi hua. He wetewete te whakamahinga a ngā kaihoko i ngā ingoa taurite. Kāore ngā āpure i raro nei e rerekē haere, ā, ka whakarārangihia ki tētahi tiwhikete tātaritanga tika. Ka tuhia e PubChem te puru methylene hei methylthioninium chloride, C.I. Basic Blue 9, ā, koinei te pūtake tohutoro mō ngā kōrero katoa e whai ake nei.

E rua ngā taipitopito o tēnei ripanga e hua ai te nuinga o ngā hapa hoko. Tuatahi, he maha ngā tau CAS o te puru methylene mō ōna āhua wai here rerekē. Ko te 122965-43-9 e tohu ana i tētahi āhua wai here kāore i tautuhia, ehara i te āhua motuhake e toru ōna wai here (7220-79-3), e ai ki te whakaōritenga o te monograph USP. Ki te whakamahia te taumaha tātai hē hei pauna, ka huri puku ngā kukū katoa ka tātaihia i muri mai. Tuarua, kei tētahi rārangi ingoa taurite a tētahi kaihoko mō te puru toluidine O te ingoa Methylene Blue T50. Nā reira, ki te rapu mā te ingoa anake i tētahi rārangi hua, tērā pea ka kitea he waikano tino kē.

Mā te hanganga e whakamārama te whanonga

Whakaarohia ngā pūnaha tuku tae e rua e tū tahi ana, ka mutu te rangirua. Ko te pūtake o te puru methylene he pūnaha phenothiazinium: e toru ngā mowhiti kua honoa, he whanariki me te hauota kei te mowhiti waenganui, ā, he rōpū dimethylamino kei ia pito. Ko te momo whai tae ko te katote tōrunga methylthioninium, me tētahi katote tōraro chloride hei taurite. He iti, he papatahi, he tōrunga te utanga hiko, ā, ka ngāwari te hono ki ngā wāhanga pūtau tōraro.

Tata ki te rua me te haurua whakareanga te papatipu o te puru methyl. Nō tētahi pūtake triphenylmethane tōna tae, he rōpū anilino phenyl whai sulfonate kei runga, ā, ka tukuna hei tote disodium. Nā aua rōpū sulfonate, he waikano waikawa tōraro tēnei, he kōaro tōna utanga hiko, he tino rerekē hoki tōna here ki ngā kiko. Ka uru te puru methylene ki ngā pūtau, ka whai wāhi hoki ki ngā huringa whakahāora-whakaheke. Engari ka whakamahia te puru methyl hei whakakano i te collagen me te kiko tūhono, ā, koia hoki te Cotton Blue i ngā whakaritenga harore, pērā i ngā tikanga lactophenol cotton blue. Ki te whakakapia tētahi ki tērā atu, ehara te hua i te putanga ngoikore ake o taua hua anō. He whakamātautau kē ka puta.

Kei te puru toluidine O tonu te anga phenothiazinium, nō reira he āhua rite tōna whanonga ki tō te puru methylene, engari kāore e tino ōrite. Kei te takiwā o te 626 nm tōna mōrahi ngongo marama, ina whakaritea ki te puru methylene kei te takiwā o te 660 ki te 665 nm. Ko tana whakakano tae-rerekē i ngā wāhanga kiko waikawa (ngā kōpura pūtau mast, ngā mucin, te ngohe, ngā hanganga nui te waikawa karihi) ka whai i tōna ake kōwhiringa, e whakaahuatia ana i ngā arotake mātai kiko. Me tūmanako te taiwhanga ka whakakapi i te puru methylene ki te TBO kia neke ngā tūāwhiorangi, kia rerekē hoki te whakataurite tae, kaua hei whakakapi iti noa te utu.

Te tino whakamahinga o ia waikano

I tīmata te puru methylene hei waikano papanga, kātahi ka whakamahia ki te mātai huakita, te mātai toto, me te mātai karu whakarahi. Kua whakarāpopototia taua ara i roto i ngā tuhinga mō tōna hītori. Ko tōna mahi tuarua kei te ao matū: he puru te āhua kua whakahāoratia, ā, he tata kore tae te leucomethylene blue kua whakahekea, nō reira ka whai hua hei tohu whakahāora-whakaheke. Ko tōna mahi tuatoru kei te ao rongoā. Ko te methylthioninium chloride te matū rongoā mā te whakahaunga PROVAYBLUE, kua tohua mō te methemoglobinemia kua pā mai i muri i te whānautanga. Nā taua mahi rongoā ka tino teitei ake ngā paearu parakore i ērā mō ngā kōeke whakakano, papanga rānei. Ka whakamārama te tuhinga Te mahi a te puru methylene hei waikano whakahāora-whakaheke i te tukanga kei muri i ēnei whakamahinga.

Kāore te puru methyl i whai i taua ara. He waikano tonu mō te pepa, ngā papanga, te hiako, me te mātai karu whakarahi: he whakakano whai tiwhikete mō te collagen i ngā tikanga kiko tūhono momo Mallory, he whakakapi mō te fast green i ngā momo tikanga Gomori trichrome, ā, he whakakano harore mō te mātai harore. Kei ētahi hua puru methyl tētahi awhe tohu pH kei te takiwā o te 9.4 ki te 14. Kāore tētahi o aua āhuatanga e huri ai tēnei hei rongoā whakahāora-whakaheke, ā, kāore he tiwhikete whakakano e pēnā ai.

Ko te mahi matua a te puru toluidine O he whakakano koiora e rerekē ai tōna tae ina herea, e whakamahia ana ki te mātai kiko me te mātai moroiti. He whakamahinga motuhake anō tōna hei whakakano haumanu i te kiko ora, hei āwhina ki te whakaatu i ngā taitapa o ngā wharanga waha whakapae i mua i te tango tauira kiko. He āwhina mō te kōwhiri wāhi tango tauira kiko, ehara i te whakakapi mō te mātai mate o ngā kiko. Ko te tangata e whakataurite ana i te puru toluidine me te puru methylene mō te tautohu mate, te whakarite ranunga rānei, me whakataurite i ngā tūāwhiorangi, ngā kiko e whāia ana, me ngā tuhinga kōeke, kaua ngā ingoa.

Ngā ingoa tata e whakapohehe ai i ngā kaihoko

E toru anō ngā ingoa e tika ana kia uru ki te rārangi arowhai whakatūturu. Ehara te New Methylene Blue N i te puru methylene. Ko tōna tautohu C.I. 52030 (CAS 1934-16-3), he phenothiazine kua tāpirihia he rōpū ethyl me ngā rōpū methyl ki te mowhiti, e whakamahia ana ki te mātai kiko me te mātai toto. Nō tērā kohinga tuhinga motuhake ngā tikanga whakakano new methylene blue. He tata ake te Azure B: he pūhui rite ki te puru methylene kua tangohia tētahi rōpū methyl kotahi i te N (CAS 531-55-5, C.I. 52010). He hua matua hoki nō te pākia o te puru methylene, ā, he poke kua tuhia kei roto i te matū puru methylene. Koia te take ka whakahoahoa te hōtaka USP i te matū tohutoro puru methylene me tētahi paerewa Azure B. Kei te tuhinga Azure B hei poke, hei hua pākia hoki ngā kōrero mō te hononga o ēnei e rua me te take e hira ai te tātaritanga taipitopito o ngā poke. Ko te crystal violet, e hokona ana i ētahi wā i raro i tōna ingoa tawhito gentian violet, he waikano triarylmethane (CAS 548-62-9, C.I. 42555), kāore rawa he mowhiti thiazine.

Whakatūturutia te tuakiri i mua i te whakawhiti moni

Ka whakaingoatia e tētahi whakaritenga hoko pakari te matū tika, te tau CAS, te tau C.I., te āhua wai here, me te kōeke. Kātahi ka whakatūturutia aua āhuatanga mā te tiwhikete tātaritanga, kaua mā te tapanga o mua. He arowhai motuhake tere te mōrahi ngongo marama: kei te takiwā o te 665 nm mō te puru methylene, te 626 nm mō te puru toluidine O, me te 595 ki te 605 nm mō te puru methyl i raro i ōna tikanga waikawa kua tohua. Ki te hē te wāhi o te tihi, he waikano hē tērā, ahakoa te kōrero a te pounamu.

He rerekē te pātai ka whakautua e ngā tuhinga kōeke i tērā mō te tuakiri matū. Mā te tukanga tiwhikete a te Biological Stain Commission e whakamātautau tētahi puranga motuhake mō te nui o te waikano me tōna mahi whakakano. He mea nui tēnei ina whāia te whakaputa anō i ngā hua whakakano ōrite. Ka aro te tutukitanga ki te USP ki te tuakiri rongoā, te parakore, ngā poke waro, ngā toenga whakarewa, ngā poke huānga, me te whakahaere moroiti. He mea nui ēnei ina horomia te matū. He wāhanga o ngā whāinga o ēnei hōtaka e rua e inaki ana, engari he rerekē ō rāua ihirangi, nō reira kāore e taea tētahi tiwhikete te whakamahi hei whakakapi i tērā atu.

I konei ka whai tikanga tūturu te hoko hua kounga. He mea nui te tino parakore nā te mea he kōeke papanga te puru methylene kāore e ū ana ki te USP i te nuinga o te wā. Kei roto ētahi poke pērā i te Azure B, ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā toenga whakarewa rānei, kāore e arowhaitia e tētahi tikanga whakakano. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko e kī ana kei te tutuki i a rātou te USP, ka whakamātautau i ngā konganuku taumaha anake, kātahi ka kī kua tutuki. Kei roto i te tutukitanga katoa te tuakiri, te ine ihirangi, ngā poke waro, ngā toenga whakarewa, ngā poke huānga, te toenga i muri i te tahunga, ngā paenga moroiti, me ngā endotoxin huakita. Ka ārahi te tuhinga Te kōwhiri puru methylene kōeke rongoā i te pānui i aua tuhinga. Ka mahi tahi a Blupreme me tētahi kaihanga puru methylene mō te ao rongoā, ka whakamātautau i ngā whakaritenga USP katoa, ā, ka whakaputa i te COA katoa. Koinei te tikanga whaihua o te tino whakatūturu tuakiri e taunakitia ana e tēnei tuhinga.