Tuhinga
Te kikorangi metilīni me te whakaheke taumaha: he aha tonu tā ngā rangahau e whakamātau ana
Kāore anō kia whakaūngia te kikorangi metilīni hei maimoatanga whai hua mā te waha mō te whakaheke taumaha ki te tangata. Kāore ngā rangahau i kitea mō tēnei tuhinga e whakaatu ana i tētahi whakamātautau whai rōpū whakatairite ki te tangata e kitea ai ka hua mai te hekenga ngako toitū i te kai i taua matū. Kei roto tonu ngā whakamātautau pākia, ngā putanga taumaha ki ngā kararehe, me ngā rangahau mō te mōmona ki te tangata, he mahi kē tō te waikano i roto i aua rangahau.
Ka rerekē te whakautu i ēnei wehewehenga. Ko te nui ake o te hāora e whakamahia ana e tētahi pūtau ate, he kitenga mō te tukanga. Ko te iti ake o te pikinga taumaha o tētahi poaka i muri i tētahi hātepe whakamātau ki te puku, he putanga maimoatanga ki te kararehe. Ko te hekenga ngako o tētahi tangata i muri i te maimoatanga poihau puku, he putanga ki te tangata, engari kāore e wehewehe ana i te pānga o te waikano kei roto i te poihau.
He aha ngā mea ka kīia hei taunakitanga mō te whakaheke taumaha?
Kei roto i te taumaha tinana te ngako, te kiko ngako-kore, te kōiwi, te wai, me ngā mea kei roto i te puku me ngā whēkau. Kāore te tau iti ake i runga i te pauna e tohu ko tēhea wāhanga kua rerekē. Mā ngā inenga hanganga tinana, pērā i te inenga ngongo hihi-X pūngao-rua (DXA), e āwhina ki te wehe i te papatipu ngako i te kiko ngohengohe ngako-kore me ngā kohuke kōiwi. Ahakoa tērā, ehara te kiko ngako-kore i te uaua kōiwi anake.
Ko tētahi rangahau whakahaere taumaha e kaha ana ki te whakatuturu i tana whakatau, ka whakataurite i ngā maimoatanga kua āta tautuhia ki ngā tāngata e rite ana ō rātou āhuatanga, ka ine i te panonitanga i roto i tētahi wā e whai tikanga ana, ka whai whakaaro ki te kai me ētahi atu wawaotanga, ā, ka pūrongo i ngā pānga kino me ngā wehenga atu i te rangahau. Ka wehewehe taua rangahau i te whakaheke i te taumaha kua mau kē i te tinana me te ārai i te pikinga taumaha, ā, i te hekenga tuatahi me te pupuri i taua hekenga.
He whāiti ake ngā pātai ka whakautua e ngā tohu pākia. Ko te ngako ate e whakaahua ana i te putunga ngako ki tētahi whēkau motuhake. Ko te tairongo ki te taiāki huka e whakaahua ana i te urupare ki te taiāki huka. Ko te whakamahinga hāora a ngā pūtau e whakaahua ana i tētahi wāhanga o te pākia pūngao i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te whakamātautau. Kāore tētahi o ēnei e whakakapi i te hekenga ngako toitū ki te tangata kua oti te ine.
Te whakataurite i ngā kerēme me ngā rangahau
Ka wehe tēnei whakataurite i te putanga i inea me te kerēme tērā pea ka whakaarotia e te kaipānui. Ka ahu ngā hononga rangahau ki ngā pūrongo taketake, ki ō rātou pūkete PubMed rānei.
| Te kerēme e arotakengia ana | Te rangahau me te wawaotanga | Ngā mea i inea, i pūrongotia rānei | Te mea ka tautokona e te putanga |
|---|---|---|---|
| “Ka whakahohe i te pākia, nō reira ka tahu i te ngako tinana.” | Shin me ōna hoa, 2014: ngā whakamātautau pūtau ate me tētahi tauira kiore e whāngaihia ana ki te kai ngako-nui; i tukuna anō te kikorangi metilīni mā te waha. | Te tuku tohu e pā ana ki te SIRT1/AMPK, ngā inenga mitokōria, me te iti ake o te putunga ngako ki te ate me te kakātanga ate whai ngako i te tauira kararehe. | He whakapae mō te pākia ate. Kāore e whakaū ana i te hekenga taumaha toitū ki te tangata. |
| “I whakaū tētahi rangahau mō te mōmona ka whakaheke te kikorangi metilīni i te taumaha.” | Lee me ōna hoa, 2022: he pūrere kei roto i te puku kua pania ki te kikorangi metilīni, me tētahi maimoatanga whakaahua-hihiri ka whakahohehia e te taiaho ki ngā poaka. | I te kotahi wiki, ko te pikinga taumaha tinana i pūrongotia he 12% ki te maimoatanga whakaahua-hihiri, he 24% ki ngā rōpū whakatairite; he iti ake hoki ngā taumata kerewini. | He iti ake te pikinga taumaha i muri i tētahi hātepe kararehe e whakakotahi ana i ētahi wāhanga. He pikinga ngā panonitanga taumaha e rua i pūrongotia. |
| “I whakaheke te kikorangi metilīni i te taumaha tinana me te kore e whakaheke i te nui o te kai i kainga.” | Yang me ōna hoa, 2023: te tuku tika i te kikorangi metilīni ki te whēkau tekau mā rua, me te maimoatanga whakaahua-hihiri; e tohu ana te whakarāpopototanga i ngā kiore nui e whāngaihia ana ki te kai ngako-nui mō te whakamātau i te whai huatanga. | He iti ake te taumaha tinana i tō te rōpū hātepe whakataruna i te 30 rā, he pai ake ngā inenga e pā ana ki te kūhuka, ā, kāore he rerekētanga whai hiranga ā-tauanga o te nui o te kai i kainga. | He putanga nō tētahi hātepe whēkau i mua i ngā whakamātautau haumanu, ehara i te taunakitanga mō te horomi i te kikorangi metilīni hei tāpiringa. |
| “I ine ngā rangahau ki te tangata i te hekenga ngako mā te kikorangi metilīni.” | He rangahau rōpū poihau puku mō te ono marama: he wairewa tote me te kikorangi metilīni kei roto i te poihau; e 39 o ngā kaiuru e 50 i whakaoti i te aroturuki whai muri. | I whakaatu te DXA i ngā hekenga o te papatipu ngako me te papatipu ngako-kore i muri i te maimoatanga poihau. | He panonitanga hanganga tinana ki te tangata i muri i tētahi wawaotanga pūrere. Kāore i whakamātauria te pānga motuhake o te waikano. |
| “I uru te waikano ki tētahi whakamātautau whakaheke taumaha tohatoha matapōkere.” | He whakamātautau poihau whakawhiti maimoatanga me te hātepe whakataruna hei whakatairite: he wā maimoatanga poihau me ngā wā hātepe whakataruna, me te maimoatanga ā-kai. | Te hekenga BMI me te ōrau o te taumaha taikaha i heke. | He taunakitanga mō te huinga maimoatanga poihau. Kāore te tohatoha matapōkere e huri i ia matū ka whakamahia i tētahi hātepe hei maimoatanga hohe o taua hātepe. |
He aha te tukanga pākia e kore ai e whakatau i te pātai?
He tīmatanga whaitake te rangahau ate o 2014 mō te whakapae koiora. I ngā pūtau ate, i panoni te kikorangi metilīni i te ōwehenga NAD+/NADH me ngā ara e pā ana ki te mahi mitokōria me te whakahaere ngako. I roto i te whakamātautau kiore, i whāngaihia ngā kiore ki te kai ngako-nui mō te waru wiki, ā, i kitea he iti ake te putunga ngako taikaha ki te ate.
He taunakitanga whakamātau whai take tērā mō tētahi kiko motuhake me tētahi tauira mate. Kia whakatau ai ka heke te ngako o te tinana katoa, me whai ētahi atu kaupae: me puta te pānga i tētahi nui o te matū ka taea e te tangata te whakamanawanui, me mau tonu i ngā wā o te kai me te kori noa, me panoni te toenga pūngao ka penapenahia, ā, me hua mai he putanga haumanu e whai take ana. Kāore te ine i tētahi kaupae tōmua e whakaū i ngā kaupae o muri.
Kāore hoki te kōrero “he nui ake te ATP” e ranea hei take mō te whakaheke taumaha. He rāpoi ngota whakawhiti pūngao te ATP e whakamahia ana e ngā pūtau. He hononga tō te whakaputanga ATP, te wahie e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa, me te whakapau pūngao katoa o ia rā, engari he rahinga rerekē ēnei. Me whai inenga tika tētahi kerēme mō te kakama o ngā mitokōria, kātahi anō ka taea te huri hei kerēme mō ngā pūngoi kua whakapaua, mō te ngako kua heke rānei.
Ka whakamahia e tā mātou tirohanga whānui ki ngā painga o te kikorangi metilīni i ngā rangahau ki te tangata taua wehewehenga i waenga i tētahi tukanga e whakaarotia ana ka taea me tētahi painga ki te tūroro kua kitea.
He ara rangahau motuhake ngā hātepe ka whakahohehia e te aho
Ka whakakotahi te maimoatanga whakaahua-hihiri i tētahi matū tairongo ki te aho me te aho ka tukuna atu, kia puta ai he pānga koiora ki tētahi wāhi motuhake. I te rangahau poaka o 2022, i whakaurua te kikorangi metilīni ki tētahi pūrere puku, ā, i whakahohehia ki te aho taiaho. Kei roto i te wawaotanga te pūrere, tōna pā ki te kiko, te waikano, me te tuku aho. Ki te tangohia aua āhuatanga, ka rerekē te maimoatanga e kōrerohia ana.
I rangahau te pūrongo whēkau tekau mā rua o 2023 i te maimoatanga ki tētahi wāhi motuhake o te whēkau, ā, i pūrongo i ngā panonitanga rangitahi ki ngā toronga ririki o te whēkau tekau mā rua. E kī ana tōna taitara “tauira kiore iti”, engari e whakaahua ana tōna whakarāpopototanga i ngā kiore nui e whāngaihia ana ki te kai ngako-nui hei whakamātau i te whai huatanga pākia. Ko taua taipitopito pūrongo tētahi atu take kia pānui i ngā tikanga rangahau, kaua e whakatau i te āhua o te whakamātautau mai i te upoko kōrero. Kāore ēnei kitenga e whakatika i te whakakotahitanga ki te kāinga o te waikano mā te waha me tētahi papa tuku aho whero.
Me tika te tautuhi i te pūtake o ngā inenga hekenga ngako ki te tangata
Ka whakaatu te rangahau rōpū poihau mō te ono marama i ngā raruraru whakamārama e rua e motuhake ana. I waenga i ngā kaiuru i whakaoti i te aroturuki whai muri, i heke te taumaha toharite mā te 11.7 kg. I tuhi te DXA i ngā hekenga toharite o te 7.53 kg o te papatipu ngako me te 3.70 kg o te papatipu ngako-kore. Nō reira, ehara te panonitanga i runga i te pauna i te ngako anake.
Ko te raruraru tuarua ko te tautuhi i te pūtake o te panonitanga. I whiwhi ēnei tāngata i tētahi poihau puku he wairewa tote kua tae ki te waikano kei roto. Kāore rātou i tohaina matapōkeretia ki te kikorangi metilīni mā te waha, ki te matū whakataruna rānei. He raraunga tūturu ki te tangata ngā inenga hanganga tinana, engari ki te kī nā te kikorangi metilīni aua panonitanga, ka whakautua tētahi pātai kāore i whakamātauria e te rangahau. Ka whakaraupapa te whare pukapuka rangahau i ngā rangahau mā te wawaotanga me te putanga kia kitea tonutia ai ēnei wehewehenga.
E tika ana rānei te kai i te matū hei whakaheke taumaha i runga i ngā taunakitanga?
Kāore ngā taunakitanga i arotakengia i konei e whakaū ana i tētahi painga whakaheke taumaha ka taea te whakataurite ki ngā tūraru o te whakamahinga haere tonu mā te waha. Kāore tētahi tohu pākia ki te kararehe e taea te tautuhi i tētahi horopeta whai hua, i tētahi roanga whakamahinga whai hua rānei mō te tangata, ā, kāore tētahi hātepe pūrere e taea te tautuhi i tētahi hōtaka whakamahi mā te waha.
E tautuhi ana ngā mōhiohio whakahau rongoā o Amerika mō te Provayblue mā roto i te ia toto i te methemoglobinemia ka pā mai i muri i te whānautanga hei take mō tōna whakamahinga. E whakatūpato ana mō te mate huinga tohu serotonin taumaha ina whakamahia me ngā rongoā e pā ana ki te serotonin me ngā rongoā opioid, ā, e rāhuitia ana te whakamahinga ina hapa te G6PD nā te tūraru o te anemia ka hua mai i te pakarutanga o ngā pūtau toto whero. Kāore aua whakatūpato haumanu e whakamana ana i te haumaru o ngā hua mā te waha mō ngā kaihoko. E whakaatu ana aua whakatūpato he aha te take me aro tonu ki te mātauranga rongoā ahakoa kāore anō kia whakaūngia te whakamahinga hei whakaheke taumaha.
Mō te tangata e whakaaro ana ki te kikorangi metilīni nā te panoni o tōna taumaha i muri i te tīmatanga o tētahi atu rongoā, he whai take ake te aromatawai rongoā i te tāpiri atu i tētahi matū whakamātau. Arotakengia ngā taunakitanga mō ngā pānga taha, ngā āhuatanga e rāhuitia ai te whakamahi, me ngā pāhekoheko me tētahi mātanga haumanu, me tētahi kaitaka rongoā rānei. Kia tika ai te whai mahi i runga i tētahi kerēme, me whai taua kerēme i tētahi wawaotanga ki te tangata kua āta tautuhia, i ngā putanga ngako, taumaha rānei kua inea, me te aroturuki whai muri e whakaatu ana mēnā ka mau tonu te painga.