Tuhinga
Te kikorangi metilīni, te kākāriki malakaiti me te tote puna ika: ko tēhea e hāngai ana ki te raruraru?
Ka puta ngā ira mā ki runga i tētahi tetra, ā, i roto i ngā meneti ruarua ka tae mai ngā whakaaro e toru: te kikorangi metilīni, te kākāriki malakaiti, me te tote. Ka whakakara katoa i te wai. He kaiwhakamahi pūmau tō ia mea. Ehara tētahi o ēnei i te rongoā mō ngā raruraru katoa. Mā te pātai ko tēhea te mea pai rawa ka mahue te mahi e whakatau ana i te whakautu: he aha te mate o te ika, ā, he aha rawa ngā whakamahinga e kapi ana i te tapanga o ia hua?
He kaupapa rerekē ēnei e toru, ahakoa he rite ā rātou tākai. He waikano te kikorangi metilīni, ā, kei tōna tapanga ngā whakamahinga mō te harore ki ngā hua ika, te harore māmā ki te mata o te tinana, ētahi momo protozoa o waho, me te āwhina i ngā take paihana nitrite, paihana cyanide rānei. Ko te kākāriki malakaiti, e hokona ana i te nuinga o te wā hei ranunga me te formalin, he maimoatanga mō ngā pirinoa o waho, ko Ich me ngā rauropi e pā ana ki a ia ngā tino whāinga. Kāore te tote puna ika e kīia ana he rongoā i raro i ngā ture whakahaere; he āwhina kē mō te whakahaere i te taurite wai me te tote o te tinana, he puna pūhaumāota hoki hei whakamarumaru i te nitrite. Ka whakamahia hoki mō ētahi pirinoa o waho, engari ki ngā taumata tote kāore e taea e te maha o ngā puna ika noho tahi te kawe. Ki te kōwhiri mā te tae, mā te taunga rānei, ka pāngia hoki ngā ika kore unahi, ngā kōeke, ngā tipu me ngā tātari koiora.
Te whakataurite i ngā matū e toru
E ahu mai ana te ripanga i raro nei i ngā tapanga a ngā kaihanga me ngā aratohu a ngā ratonga tohutohu whare wānanga. Ka rerekē ngā kukūtanga me ngā tohutohu i waenga i ngā hanganga hua. Nō reira, ko te tapanga kei tō pounamu te aratohu matua, ā, he tirohanga whānui noa tēnei ripanga.
| Kikorangi metilīni (hei tauira, Kordon, 2.303%) | Ngā ranunga kākāriki malakaiti (hei tauira, Kordon Rid-Ich Plus, API Super Ick Cure) | Tote puna ika (konutai pūhaumāota) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Te whakamahinga e whakaarotia ana | Te harore ki ngā hua ika, ngā mate harore ki te mata o te tinana, ngā protozoa o waho kua whakarārangitia (Ichthyophthirius, Chilodonella, Costia), me te āwhina mō te paihana nitrite, paihana cyanide rānei. Kei ngā tohutohu hua a Kordon ēnei whakamahinga, ā, ka āta whakakore i te Oodinium, ngā mate huakita, ngā fluke me ngā mate harore kino. | Ngā pirinoa o waho, ko Ich wai māori te mea matua, me Costia, Trichodina me Chilodonella, e ai ki te hua; ka tāpiri te tapanga Rid-Ich Plus a Kordon i te Cryptocaryon me te Amyloodinium o te moana, me ētahi mate harore, engari ka whakakore i ngā huakita, ngā fluke, ngā copepod me ngā noke. | He āwhina mō te taurite wai me te tote i te wā e whāwhātia ana te ika, he whakamarumaru i te nitrite mā te whakataetae a te pūhaumāota ki te pihapiha, me te maimoatanga mō ētahi protozoa o waho i te kukūtanga tote nui. E ai ki ngā aratohu a UF/IFAS, he matū ahumoana te tote he iti tōna matua i ngā mahi whakahaere ture, ehara i te rongoā ika kua whakaaetia. |
| Te whakamahi ki ngā hua ika | E ai ki te tapanga, he haumaru mō ngā hua ika me ngā punua ika hei ārai harore, ā, he tukanga motuhake tōna mō ngā hua ika. Ka whakamārama te aratohu mō ngā whare pao me ngā hua ika i taua whakamahinga. | Kei te tapanga o te hua kākāriki malakaiti anake a Kordon hoki te ārai me te maimoatanga i te harore hua ika, me āna ake tohutohu mō te rumaki roa me te rumaki poto; ka whakawhirinaki te tāoke ki te kukūtanga, te pānga atu me te momo ika. Kāore taua kōrero i runga i ngā hua ranunga mō Ich, nō reira tirohia te pounamu ake. | Ehara i te maimoatanga mō te harore hua ika. |
| Ngā momo whakaraerae | Tirohia te momo ika me tōna wāhanga whanaketanga ki ngā kōrero o te tapanga; kei te aratohu whānui mō ngā ika puna te aromatawai i te hototahitanga. | Ka rerekē i runga i te hanganga hua: ka tohutohu te tapanga API o nāianei kia haurua te rahinga mō ngā ika kore unahi. Ka whakaae a Kordon kia whakamahia te Rid-Ich Plus ki ngā loach me ngā catfish, engari ka whakatūpato kia kaua e whakamahia ki ngā mormyrid me ngā whai wai māori. | He motuhake te āhei ki te kawe tote ki ia momo ika; kāore e whakatauria e ngā unahi. Ka āta whakatūpato a UF/IFAS he ngoikore ētahi tetra ki te kawe tote, ā, kaua ngā tetra me ngā ika ihu arewhana e puritia mō te wā roa ki te wai whai tote. |
| Ngā kararehe tuaiwi-kore me ngā tipu | E ai ki te tapanga, ka whakararu i te tipu o ngā tipu; me tirotiro te hototahitanga ki ngā kararehe tuaiwi-kore mō ia hua. | Kaua e whakamahia ki ngā puna pūkawa, ki ngā puna kararehe tuaiwi-kore rānei, ki te kore tētahi rata kararehe wai e tohutohu kē; he whakaraerae ētahi tipu ora. | Kāore pea ngā tipu e kaha ki ngā kukūtanga tote maimoatanga Ich o te 4 ki te 5 ppt, ā, ka rerekē te āhei o ngā kararehe tuaiwi-kore ki te kawe tote i runga i te momo me te kukūtanga. |
| Te tātari koiora | Kaua e whakamahia ki ngā pūnaha e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tātari koiora; ka whakararu i ngā huakita whakamāota hauota. Me whakahaere te maimoatanga ki tētahi puna maimoatanga, puna pao rānei, kāore he whakapaipai; tirohia te aratohu mō te hototahitanga ki ngā puna me ngā kararehe i mua i te maimoatanga i tētahi puna whakaatu whai kararehe. | E ai ki a Kordon, kāore te Rid-Ich Plus e whakararu i te tātari koiora ina whakamahia i runga i ngā tohutohu. Tangohia te waro whakahohe i te wā e maimoatia ana ki tētahi o ngā waikano e rua. | Kāore e whakakore i ngā rauropi katoa o te tātari koiora, engari ka taumaha ngā pūnaha wai māori i te kukūtanga tote nui; me huri tonu te wai me te whakatika i te tātari kia whakatikaia ai tētahi tātari koiora kua kore e mahi, e ai ki ngā aratohu rata kararehe a Merck. |
| Te tūnga mō te tangata me ngā ika kai | Mō ngā ika whakapaipai; kaua mō ngā ika kai. | Kāore i whakaaetia mō ngā ika kai i te United States; ka whakaarohia e ngā mana kawemai a FDA ngā toenga kākāriki malakaiti hei whakapoke kai, ā, ka whakatakoto te EU i tētahi paepae mahi 0.5 µg/kg mō te kākāriki malakaiti me tōna āhua toenga. Kia tūpato ki te whāwhā waikano, ā, kia matara i ngā tamariki me ngā wāhi whakarite kai. | Ngā tikanga tūpato noa mō te whāwhā tote; ko te mōrearea ki ngā kararehe nā te kukūtanga tote, ehara nā ngā ture whakahaere toenga. |
Te whakamahi i te ripanga hei whakatau
E whakaatu ana ngā āhuatanga noa e whā nei i te hononga o ngā rārangi.
Te harore ki ngā hua ika. Koinei te whakamahinga matua o te kikorangi metilīni: he tukanga hua ika kei te tapanga, ā, he kōrero mārama mō tōna haumaru ki ngā hua me ngā punua ika. Kāore he whakamahinga ōrite mō te tote. Kei te tapanga o te kākāriki malakaiti anake, arā, te hua a Kordon kotahi anake tōna matū hohe, ngā tohutohu mō te harore hua ika. Kāore aua tohutohu i ngā maimoatanga ranunga mō Ich, nō reira ko te pounamu kei a koe te mea whakatau. Whakaūngia i te tuatahi kua whakatōngia ngā hua ika; kāore he waikano e whakaora i ngā hua kāore anō kia whakatōngia.
Te mate ira mā (Ich). Ko ngā ranunga kākāriki malakaiti ngā taputapu kua tohua ki te tapanga mō tēnei. Ka āhei pea te tote hei āwhina tāpiri i te 4 ki te 5 karamu mō ia rita, mō te 7 ki te 10 rā, engari mō ngā momo ika anake e kaha ana ki taua kukūtanga tote, ā, i ngā pāmahana kua tohua e ngā aratohu Ich a UF/IFAS. Kei te rārangi whakamahinga tuarua o te kikorangi metilīni te Ichthyophthirius. Heoi, nā ōna āhuatanga whānui, arā, te tūkino i te tātari koiora me te whāiti ake o ngā momo pirinoa e pāngia ana, he ngoikore ake hei taputapu mō tētahi urutā Ich ki te puna whakaatu. Whakahāngaitia te tātaritanga ki te hua e whakaingoa ana i taua mate hei whakamahinga matua.
Te toto parauri me te paihana nitrite. E ai ki te tapanga, he āwhina te kikorangi metilīni ki te huri i te methemoglobin kia hoki ki te hemoglobin kawe hāora, ā, ka whakataetae te pūhaumāota o te tote ki te kuhunga o te nitrite ki ngā pihapiha. He mahi tautoko tētahi i tētahi ēnei tikanga, engari kāore tētahi e tango i te nitrite i te wai. Me whai kōrero motuhake te paihana nitrite, e wehe ai te āwhina ki te toto i te whakatikatika i te wai, arā, te huri wai me te whakatika tātari, e mutu ai te pānga atu o te paihana.
Ngā ira, te mirimiri tinana, te ngoikore rānei kāore anō kia tātaritia. Kāti. Ka whakatakoto te aratohu whakahaere hauora ika a UF/IFAS i te whakamātautau wai, arā, te hāora rewa, te haukini, te nitrite me te pH, i mua i te rongoā, nā te mea ka rite ngā tohu o te wai kino ki te mate pirinoa. Ki te ringihia he waikano ki tētahi raruraru haukini, ka maimoatia te māharahara o te kaitiaki, kāore te ika.
He aha i nui ake ai ngā take taumaha mō te kākāriki malakaiti?
I ētahi wā ka pātai ngā kaitiaki puna ika he aha tētahi waikano e whakamahia noatia ai hei maimoatanga hua ika, engari ka whakamātautauria ngā toenga o tētahi atu ki ngā tauranga. Ko te whakautu, ko te pākia o te matū e te tinana. Ka huri ngā ika i te kākāriki malakaiti hei leucomalachite green, he āhua ka rewa ki te ngako, ā, ka mau ki ngā kiko ka kainga mō ngā wiki tae noa ki ngā marama. Ka tuhi ngā rangahau toenga a FDA i taua mauroa ki te trout me te salmon. Nā taua whanonga o ngā toenga kāore te kākāriki malakaiti i whakaaetia mō ngā ika kai, ā, ka aukatia e te EU mō ngā kararehe whakaputa kai.
Me tino tika ngā whakamārama mō te mate pukupuku. E kī ana ngā tuhinga tawhito a ngā tari kāwanatanga tērā pea ka whakaputa mate pukupuku te kākāriki malakaiti, e whakapaetia ana rānei he matū whakarerekē ira. Kei te aromatawai IARC o nāianei te kākāriki malakaiti ake i te Rōpū 3 (kāore e taea te whakarōpū), ā, ko tōna āhua toenga, te leucomalachite green, kei te Rōpū 2B (tērā pea ka whakaputa mate pukupuku), i runga i ngā taunakitanga kararehe. Kāore tētahi o aua whakarōpūtanga e tohu ana he pānga matū mate pukupuku ki te tangata te maimoatanga Ich mō ngā ika whakapaipai. Heoi, ka whakamārama ēnei e rua i te take e aukatia ai te whakamahi mō ngā ika kai, me te take me whai ngā tikanga tūpato whāwhā i te tapanga, kaua e whakakore noa.
Ka taea rānei te whakakotahi?
I konei ka hipa ngā tohutohu o ngā huinga kōrero i ngā tapanga. Ka wehea ngā taunakitanga ki ngā wāhanga e toru.
Tuatahi, he taunakitanga tūturu mō te kākāriki malakaiti me te tote. Ka taunaki ngā tohutohu tote puna ika a API kia whakamahia tā rātou tote i te taha o tā rātou maimoatanga Ich, ā, e kī ana a UF/IFAS he maha ngā wā ka tāpirihia te tote ki ngā pūnaha e maimoatia ana ki te formalin hei whakapai ake i te urupare. E tautoko ana tēnei i te kaupapa mō ngā hanganga hua e hototahi ana, kāore mō ia pounamu i runga i te whata. He rerekē te tū a Ich-X a Hikari, he ranunga formalin me te kākāriki malakaiti: e kī ana āna tohutohu tapanga kia kaua e whakakotahitia ki te tote, ki ētahi atu maimoatanga rānei. Nō reira, he āhuatanga te hototahitanga ki te tote nō te hua ake, ehara rawa i te ture whānui.
Tuarua, kāore he tapanga, he tukanga whare wānanga rānei i tēnei tirohanga e tautoko ana i te kikorangi metilīni me te tote. Kāore he tohutohu a Kordon, he mahere maimoatanga rānei a UF/IFAS, a Merck rānei, e taunaki ana i te whakamahi tahi i te kikorangi metilīni me te tote. Ehara te kore tukanga i te taunakitanga mō te kino. Heoi, ko te tikanga, kei te waihanga noa te tangata e whakamahi tahi ana i ēnei e rua i tētahi tikanga kāore anō kia whakamātauria, ā, kaua ia e whakaatu i taua ranunga hei tikanga kua whakapūmautia.
Tuatoru, ka āta aukati ētahi tapanga i te whakamahi tahi. Ka tohutohu a Kordon kia kaua ngā kaiwhakamahi e whakakotahi i te Rid-Ich Plus ki tētahi atu rongoā. Ka whakatau taua rerenga kotahi i te nuinga o ngā pātai “ka taea e au te tāpiri” mō taua hua: kāo.
He ture whānui mō ngā toenga. Kotahi te raruraru, kotahi te tapanga, kotahi te raupapa maimoatanga. Ka whakaiti ngā waikano i te tawhē hāora rewa, ā, he mārama tēnei mō te formalin; ka tāpiri te tote i te kawenga ki te taurite wai o te tinana, ā, kua kaha kē te manawa o ngā ika māuiui. Mā te whakamahi tahi i ngā maimoatanga ka nui ake te taumahatanga, ā, kāore e taea te mōhio ko tēhea matū i puta ai tētahi urupare kino. Whakaotia, whakamutua ōkawatia rānei tētahi raupapa maimoatanga, me te whakatikatika i te wai i waenga i ngā whakamātau, i mua i te tīmata i tētahi atu.
He tukanga kōwhiri
Whāia ēnei mahi i tēnei raupapa mō tētahi mate o waho e whakapaetia ana, mō tētahi raruraru hua ika rānei.
- Whakamātauria te wai (te hāora, te haukini, te nitrite, te pH), ā, whakatikaina ngā taputapu kua kore e mahi i te tuatahi, e ai ki te anga whakatau mō te puna ika.
- Whakaingoatia te raruraru kia tino tika: te harore hua ika, te ira mā, te toto parauri whai muri i te pikinga nitrite, he take tē mōhiotia rānei. Ki te kore e mōhiotia, me tātaritanga i mua i te rongoā, me te āwhina a tētahi rata kararehe wai, tohunga hauora ika rānei mō ngā take mauroa, kino rānei.
- Kōwhiria te matū e whakaingoa ana i taua raruraru hei whakamahinga matua i te tapanga, kātahi ka pānui i ngā kōrero katoa o te pounamu: te kukūtanga, ngā whakatūpato mō ngā momo ika, ngā kōrero mō ngā kararehe tuaiwi-kore me ngā tipu, ngā kōrero mō te tātari koiora, me ngā aukatinga whakakotahi.
- Maimoatia i te taiao e whakaarotia ana e te tapanga. Me noho te kikorangi metilīni ki tētahi puna maimoatanga, puna pao rānei, kāore he whakapaipai, kei tawhiti i te tātari koiora; mō ngā maimoatanga Ich, me tango te waro, me whakarite kia pai te whakauru hau, ā, me whakaaro ki te hāora ina whakatau ana i te pāmahana.
- Tuhia te hua, te kukūtanga, te rōrahi wai kua inea, te roanga me ngā mea i kitea. Ki te kore te raupapa maimoatanga e whai hua, ko taua tuhinga te mea e hiahiatia ana e te tohunga. Mā taua tuhinga hoki e ārai te whakamātau whai muri i te tukurua i taua hapa anō me tētahi rahinga nui ake.
Ehara ngā pounamu e toru i runga i te whata i ngā kaha rerekē e toru o te rongoā kotahi. He whakautu kē ki ngā pātai rerekē. Pātaihia te pātai tika i te tuatahi, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka māmā noa te kōwhiri.