Manunin Tashiro: Jan Methyl da Shuɗin Methylene

Haɗaɗɗen manunin Tashiro yana haɗa jan methyl da shuɗin methylene don sauƙaƙa ganin sakamakon titrashi na asid da alkali. Jan methyl ne yake ba da amsar da ta danganta da pH; shuɗin methylene kuwa yana sauya bambancin launukan da ake gani. Bai kamata a ɗauki sauyi daga kore zuwa shunayya a wannan haɗin a matsayin sanannen sauyin shuɗin rinin zuwa siffa marar launi ta hanyar karɓar electron ba.

Tsarin haɗin yana da muhimmanci. Sunan da ke kan kwalba yana nuna rukunin manuni, amma har yanzu dakin gwaje-gwaje yana buƙatar sanin abubuwan da ke cikin haɗin, sauyin da aka rubuta, da hanyar da ta fayyace lokacin da za a daina ƙara sinadarin titrashi.

Gudummawar kowane rini

Jan methyl manuni ne na asid da alkali. Siffofinsa masu ɗauke da proton da waɗanda suka rasa proton suna da bambancin sha na hasken da ido ke gani. Saboda haka, sauyin rabonsu yana haifar da sauyin launi yayin da pH yake sauyawa. Misali, Sigma-Aldrich ya fayyace sauyi daga hoda zuwa rawaya a tsakanin pH 4.2–6.2 ga sinadarin gwajinsa na jan methyl.

Ƙara wani ɓangare mai shuɗin launi yana sauya abin da ido yake gani: ɓangaren mai jan launi yana ƙara kama da shunayya, yayin da ɓangaren mai rawaya idan ya haɗu da shuɗi yake bayyana a matsayin kore. Sau da yawa ana kiran wannan tace launin manuni. Muhimmin bambancin shi ne tsakanin ɓangaren da yake amsa ga tsamin asid da ɓangaren da yake sauya yadda ake ganinsa. Haɗa rinukan ba ya mayar da shuɗin methylene na'urar auna pH da za ta yi aiki a kowane yanayi.

Kwatanta waɗannan yanayi uku kafin fassara launi:

Tsarin manuni	Me yake haifar da alamar?	Abin da mai lura zai iya fahimta
Jan methyl kaɗai	Sauye-sauyen siffar asid da alkali	Ruwan haɗin ya ratsa zangon sauyin pH na wannan manuni
Jan methyl tare da shuɗin methylene	Amsar pH da ake gani ta haɗuwar launuka	Haɗaɗɗen manunin ya kai wani yanayin gani da ya danganta da tsarin haɗinsa
Shuɗin methylene a tsarin da yake haifar da karɓar electron	Karɓar electron da shuɗin rinin yake yi, tare da yiwuwar sake rasa su	Ana samun aikin sinadarai na redox; wannan ba ya nuna maƙurar dakatar da titrashi

Layi na ƙarshe yana bayyana wani gwaji dabam. A nunin gwajin kwalbar shuɗi na Oxford, glucose a yanayin alkali yana sa shuɗin methylene ya karɓi electron ya koma siffa marar launi, sannan oxygen da aka shigar ya dawo da shuɗin launin. Waɗannan yanayi suna bayyana zagayowar redox, ba alamar asid da alkali da aka nufa da Tashiro ba. Ana bayanin wannan bambanci mafi faɗi a cikin aikin sinadarai na redox na shuɗin methylene.

Tsarin haɗin da aka rubuta da alkiblar sauyin launinsa

Takardar bayanan fasaha ta ITW Reagents don samfurin 282430, bugu na 5 mai kwanan watan Oktoba 2018, ta fayyace 100 mg na jan methyl da 50 mg na shuɗin methylene, tare da 10.4 mL na ruwa da isasshen ethanol marar ruwa don samar da 100 mL. Ta nuna cewa samfurin na titrashi na ammonia ne, sannan ta rubuta ja-shunayya a pH 4.4 da kore a pH 5.8.

Wannan yana ba da zane mai zuwa wanda ya keɓanta da wannan tsarin haɗin:

pH 4.4, ja-shunayya → ƙaruwa a pH → pH 5.8, kore

pH 5.8, kore → raguwa a pH → pH 4.4, ja-shunayya

Kibiyar tana bayyana alkiblar sauyi a cikin zangon manunin. Ba ta ayyana kowane ƙarshen zangon a matsayin wurin dakatarwa ga kowace nazari ba. Takardar ba ta ayyana takamaiman maƙurar dakatarwa mai launin toka ba, don haka ba za a iya fitar da pH na maƙurar launin toka da ya shafi kowane yanayi daga wannan bayani ba.

A lura kuma cewa kore a pH 5.8 har yanzu yana cikin yanayin asid a ruwan haɗi na yau da kullum. Kiran launukan kawai “asid” da “alkali” zai iya ɓoye wannan: ɓangaren kore shi ne ɓangaren sauyin mai pH mafi girma, ba hujjar cewa samfurin yana sama da pH 7 ba.

Abin da titrashi na ammonia yake aunawa a zahiri

Manuni yana nuna lokacin karanta burette. Adadin sinadarin da ake aunawa yana fitowa ne daga adadin sinadarin titrashi da aka auna an yi amfani da shi, matsayinsa na taro da aka daidaita, da rabon sinadaran da suke shiga amsawar. Ƙarin ƙarfin launin kore kaɗai ba ya auna ƙarin ammonia.

A matsayin takamaiman misalin hanya, tsohuwar Hanyar EPA 350.2 da NEMI ya sake wallafawa tana rarrabe ammonia ta hanyar turara shi da sake sanyaya tururinsa cikin asidin boric, sannan a auna shi ta titrashi da asidin sulfuric da aka daidaita matsayinsa na taro. Haɗaɗɗen manuninta yana amfani da kaso biyu na ruwan jan methyl na asali mai 0.2% da kaso ɗaya na ruwan shuɗin methylene na asali mai 0.2%, dukansu a cikin ethanol na 95%. Hanyar tana umartar mai nazari ya daidaita maƙurar dakatarwa da samfurin gwaji marar sinadarin da ake aunawa, wanda yake ɗauke da kaso masu dacewa na ruwa da asidin boric.

Wannan girke-girke da tsarin haɗin kasuwanci da ke sama suna da rabon nauyin rinuka iri ɗaya, amma matakan taro da abubuwan da ke cikin kaushinsu sun bambanta. Saboda haka, daidaituwar rabo ba isasshiyar hujja ba ce cewa kwalabe biyu za su iya maye gurbin juna. Hanyar kuma ta shafi nitrogen da ke cikin ammonia, kuma ta keɓe jimillar nitrogen ta Kjeldahl a sarari daga abin da take aunawa. Amfani da manuni iri ɗaya ba ya sa gwaje-gwajen auna nitrogen biyu su zama gwaji ɗaya.

Yi amfani da wannan takarda don fahimtar tsarin aikin nazari da aka fayyace, maimakon ɗauka cewa tsohon bugunta ne yake jagorantar buƙatun bayar da rahoto na yanzu. Hanyar da dakin gwaje-gwaje ya amince da ita dole ta bayyana bugun da ya dace da matakan tabbatar da ingancinsa.

Maƙurar dakatarwa da matsayin daidaiton sinadarai sun bambanta

IUPAC yana bayyana titrashi da maƙurar dakatarwarsa ta fuskar gane kammaluwar amsawar sinadarai; matsayin daidaiton sinadarai kuwa yana nufin daidaituwar sinadarai daidai gwargwado. Alamar da ake gani tana da amfani idan ta bayyana kusa da wannan matsayi yadda ya isa ga manufar hanyar.

A ɗauka cewa masu nazari biyu suna yin titrashi ga samfurori iri ɗaya. Ɗaya yana dakatarwa lokacin da ruwan haɗin ya yi daidai da samfurin gwaji marar sinadarin da ake aunawa da aka fayyace. Ɗayan kuwa yana ci gaba har sai an ga shunayya mai tsananin launi. Mai nazari na biyu ya zaɓi wata maƙurar dakatarwa dabam, kuma yana iya amfani da sinadarin titrashi fiye da yadda ake buƙata. Yarda da sunan launin ƙarshe ba ta tabbatar da daidaituwa a adadin da aka auna ba.

Shi ya sa ya kamata bayanin horo ya fayyace abin kwatance, yanayin gani, da sharadin tsawon lokacin da alamar za ta dawwama kamar yadda hanyar take buƙata. Hoto a allon na'ura zai iya bayyana alkiblar sauyi, amma abin kwatance na dakin gwaje-gwaje ne yake kafa hukuncin da za a yi amfani da shi a aikin.

Binciken da za a yi kafin maye gurbin manuni ko gano matsalarsa

Yi amfani da wannan takardar aiki idan launi ya yi kama da ba daidai ba ko kuma an ba da shawarar amfani da wata kwalba a madadin:

Abin dubawa	Abin rubutawa	Dalilin da ya sa yake shafar fassara
Gane sinadarin gwaji	Sunayen rinukan biyu da lambar samfurin	Haɗaɗɗen manuni mai suna makamanci zai iya ƙunsar sinadarai dabam
Tsarin haɗin	Matakan taron rinuka, rabonsu, da kaushi	Rabo kaɗai yana barin muhimman bambance-bambance ba tare da warwarewa ba
Hanyar aiwatarwa	Hanya, bugu, ƙara manuni, da alkiblar titrashi	Bayanin kwalba ba ya fayyace dukan nazarin
Abin kwatance na maƙurar dakatarwa	Samfurin gwaji marar sinadarin da ake aunawa ko abin kwatance da ake buƙata, da ƙa'idar dakatarwa	“Shunayya” na iya nufin yanayin launi da dama masu bambanci a gani
Halayen da ba a zata ba	Ko sauyin yana biyo bayan ƙara sinadarin titrashi, barin ruwan ya tsaya, ko shigar da iska	Zagayowar gushewar launi da ta danganta da lokaci tana buƙatar bincike fiye da pH

Ɗauki gazawar samfurin gwaji marar sinadarin da ake aunawa ko sauyin launi da ba a iya bayyana dalilinsa ba a matsayin dalilin bincikar sinadarin gwaji da hanyar kafin bayar da rahoton sakamako. Ƙara rini har sai samfurin ya yi kama da yadda aka saba gani yana sauya yanayin lura kuma yana iya ɓoye matsalar asali.

Don zaɓar rawar da ta dace ga rinin a wani gwaji dabam, fara da shuɗin methylene a gwaje-gwajen nazari. Ga titrashi na Tashiro, a rubuta tsarin haɗin rinin, maƙurar dakatarwa da ake gani, da lissafin nazarin tare.