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Imethylene blue nokubekwa ekukhanyeni: ubude bamaza, i-irradiance, nejiyometri yonyango

Imethylene blue nokubekwa ekukhanyeni: ubude bamaza, i-irradiance, nejiyometri yonyango

Amaphepha ophando amabini achaza ukubeka imethylene blue ekukhanyeni okungama-10 J kwi-cm nganye esisikwere. Elinye libulala iibhaktheriya. Elinye alenzi nto inokulinganiswa. Umfundi othelekisa umthamo kuphela ugqiba ekubeni eli candelo lophando alinazingqinelwano. Eli candelo liyangqinelana. Umthamo awuzange ube yiyo yonke into echaza ukubekwa ekukhanyeni.

Ukubekwa ekukhanyeni yinkqubo encinane yeeparamitha ezisebenza kunye: ubude bamaza, i-irradiance, ixesha, ifluence ephumayo, ukufumaneka kweoksijini, ingxinano yedayi nemeko yokudibana kweemolekyuli zayo, ixesha eliphakathi kokufakwa kwedayi nokukhanya, kunye nendlela ukukhanya okuyihamba ngokwenene kwisampulu. Tshintsha enye yazo, ize ikhemistri yokukhanya itshintshe. Eli nqaku lichaza iparamitha nganye, lize lahlule ifotobiomodulation yokukhanya okukufuphi ne-infrared ekuvuselelweni kwedayi ngokuthe ngqo kukukhanya, kuba ezi nkqubo zimbini zezona zidla ngokubhidaniswa.

Ubude bamaza bugqiba ukuba idayi iyabandakanyeka na

Imethylene blue esemanzini ifunxa kakhulu ukukhanya okubomvu xa ikwimo yemonoma, inencopho kufuphi nama-664 ukuya kuma-665 nm kunye negxalaba lokufunxa kubude bamaza obufutshane kufuphi nama-610 nm, elikhula njengoko iimolekyuli zedayi zidibana zibe ziidayima namaqela amakhulu apakisheneyo. Umlinganiselo wokuncitshiswa kokukhanya ngokwemola kufuphi nencopho ukuluhlu lwama-65,000 ukuya kuma-85,000 M-1 cm-1, ngoko izinyibilikiso ezinengxinano yeemicromolar sele ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokunzulu. Uphononongo lwangaphambili lwekhemistri yokukhanya yemethylene blue kunye neDNA nezinto zebhayoloji lubhala ngale ndlela yokufunxa kunye nekhemistri yemeko evuselelweyo elandelayo: ukufunxwa kudala imeko yesinglet ehlala ixesha elifutshane, kudlulele kwimeko yetriplet ehlala ixesha elide, enezivuno ezichaziweyo ezikufuphi ne-0.5, ethi kwisinyibilikiso esingeniswe umoya ithomalaliswe yioksijini kwisithuba esimalunga nee-2 microseconds.

Elo nyathelo lokuthomalalisa kulapho iindlela ezimbini zekhemistri yokukhanya zahlukana khona. Kwikhemistri yoHlobo II, idayi ekwimeko yetriplet idlulisela amandla kwioksijini ekwimeko esisiseko ize ivelise ioksijini yesinglet, ngezivuno ezidla ngokukhankanywa ezikufuphi ne-0.52. Kwikhemistri yoHlobo I, it triplet endaweni yoko idlulisela i-electron okanye ihydrogen kwinto esabela nayo, ivelise iiradikhali eziquka iintlobo zesuperoxide nehydroxyl. Zombini zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye, kwaye isiphumo esiqhelekileyo sefotodynamic sihlala sixhomekeke kakhulu kwioksijini naxa uHlobo I enegalelo.

Isiphumo soku ekukhetheni ubude bamaza bemethylene blue ngumgaqo olula. Ukukhanya okubomvu okumalunga nama-630 ukuya kuma-680 nm kuyahambelana nebhendi yokufunxa yedayi, kwaye ama-660 ukuya kuma-665 nm akufuphi neyona ncopho yemonoma, ngoko kunokuqhuba ikhemistri yento evuselelwa kukukhanya naphi na apho kukho idayi eyaneleyo. Ukukhanya okukufuphi ne-infrared kuma-810 nm kungaphandle kakhulu kwebhendi yokufunxa yemeko esisiseko, ngoko obu bubude bamaza obungafanelekanga ekuvuseleleni idayi ngokuthe ngqo. Ingxinano yenza lo mba ube nzima ngendlela enye ecacileyo: njengoko ingxinano inyuka, idayi eninzi iba ziidayima namaqela eemolekyuli adibeneyo afunxa kufuphi nama-610 nm, aze avuselelwe kukukhanya ngokusebenza okuphantsi kwimolekyuli nganye, ngoko ukuphinda kabini idayi akusiphindi kabini isiphumo. Uphononongo oluhamba neli lwemethylene blue kunye nonyango lokukhanya okubomvu luwuthatha lo mgaqo wokufunxa njengomqathango ofunekayo kuyo nayiphi na intsebenziswano yeekhemikhali evuselelwa kukukhanya.

I-irradiance, ixesha, nefluence ziiparamitha ezintathu, hayi enye

Ifluence, elinganiswa nge-J kwi-cm nganye esisikwere, yi-irradiance ephindaphindwe ngexesha. Ukuchaza ifluence kuphela kufihla isantya afika ngaso amandla, kwaye eso santya sibalulekile.

I-irradiance ephezulu enikwe ixesha elifutshane kunye ne-irradiance ephantsi enikwe ixesha elide zinokuvelisa ifluence efanayo kodwa ngekhemistri eyahlukileyo. I-irradiance ephezulu isebenzisa ioksijini enyibilikileyo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ukusasazeka kwayo kungayibuyisela, nto leyo ethintela indlela yoHlobo II exhomekeke kwioksijini ngexesha lokubekwa ekukhanyeni. Ikwafaka nobushushu, kwaye izicubu zisabela ekufudumaleni ngotshintsho ekuhambeni kwegazi, olutshintsha kokubini ukubonelelwa ngeoksijini nokusasazeka kwedayi. I-irradiance ephantsi ngexesha elide lokubekwa ekukhanyeni igcina ioksijini ifumaneka, kodwa inika iinkqubo zokulungisa nokubuyisela ioksijini ixesha lokusebenza ngexesha lokubekwa ekukhanyeni ngokwalo. Iincwadi zekhemistri yokukhanya zibiza ingqikelelo yokuba ngumthamo opheleleyo kuphela obalulekileyo ngokuba ngumgaqo wokulingana kwexesha namandla. Lo mgaqo uyasilela nanini na xa ioksijini, ukufudumala, okanye ibhayoloji zibandakanyeka, nto leyo kwizicubu ethetha phantse lonke ixesha.

Ukubekwa kwabantu ekukhanyeni kwefotodynamic yokulwa iintsholongwane kusetyenziswa imethylene blue kudla ngokusebenzisa ama-6 ukuya kwi-18 J kwi-cm nganye esisikwere, nto leyo ehambelana namanani asetyenziswa kwifotobiomodulation. Ngoko ifluence yodwa ayinakuyichonga inkqubo. Ukubekwa ekukhanyeni okungama-10 J kwi-cm nganye esisikwere kuma-660 nm kwizicubu ezinedayi yikhemistri yokukhanya eqhutywa yinto evuselelwa kukukhanya. Ifluence efanayo kuma-810 nm kwizicubu ezinedayi encinane kakhulu yenye into ngokupheleleyo. Inani liyafana. Ingcamango yahlukile.

Indlela yokukhanya nejiyometri yesampulu zigqiba ukuba ukukhanya kuhlangana nantoni

Indlela yokuziphatha yeBeer Lambert ithetha ukuba umphambili wesampulu ufumana ukukhanya okuninzi kakhulu kunomva wayo. Kwicuvette enedayi ekumashumi eemicromolar, imilimitha yokuqala inokufunxa uninzi lokukhanya okubomvu okufikayo, ishiye imigangatho enzulu ingafumani kukhanya ngokwaneleyo. Faka isinyibilikiso esifanayo kumngxuma ongekho nzulu ngomthamo omncinane, kwaye ukubekwa ekukhanyeni kuphantse kufane kuyo yonke indawo. Idayi efanayo, isibane esifanayo, ifluence efanayo kumphezulu, kodwa isiphumo esahlukileyo.

Izicubu zongeza ukusasazeka kokukhanya phezu kokufunxwa. Ukukhanya okubomvu kufuphi nama-660 nm kungena kubunzulu obulinganiswa ngeemilimitha, kwaye obona bunzulu buchazwa ngumlinganiselo wegazi, umbala wezicubu, nohlobo lwezicubu. Imingxuma yongeza iziphazamiso zayo: umphezulu ogobileyo wolwelo usebenza njengelensi, ukukhanya kubonakala ezindongeni, imingxuma esecaleni iba sethunzini, kwaye imithamo emincinane ifudumala phantsi komthombo wokukhanya. Iilabhoratri ezimbini ezichaza iisetingi zesibane ezifanayo kodwa zisebenzisa iintlobo zeepleyiti, imithamo, okanye imigama yomthombo eyahlukileyo zenze iimvavanyo ezahlukileyo.

Umgama ufanele ugxininiswe kuba ngowona mahluko udla ngokungakhankanywa. I-irradiance yehla ngokukhawuleza xa umgama usanda ukusuka kumthombo onemitha engalungelelaniswanga ukuba ihambe ngokunxuseneyo, ngoko isibane esisuswe kuma-2 cm saya kuma-5 cm ngaphezu kwepleyiti sinokunciphisa i-irradiance izihlandlo eziliqela nangona icandelo leendlela lisachaza into efanayo. Ngaphandle kwe-irradiance elinganiswe kumphezulu wesampulu, iifluence ezipapashiweyo ezibalwe ngokwamandla achazwe ngumvelisi ziluqikelelo, hayi imilinganiselo.

Isikhokelo seeparamitha esinamanqaku: yintoni eyenza ukubekwa ekukhanyeni kuphindeke

Isixhobo sokuqala esenzelwe eli phepha luluhlu lokuhlola. Nakuphi na ukubekwa ekukhanyeni kwisifundo okushiya ezi nkcukacha akunakuthelekiswa nokunye, nokuba umthamo ophambili okhankanywayo ubonakala ufana kangakanani na.

  1. Ubude bamaza nobubanzi bebhendi. Incopho nobubanzi obupheleleyo, hayi igama lombala. I-LED ebomvu igubungela ama-630 ukuya kuma-680 nm, apho ukufunxwa yidayi kwahluka kakhulu.
  2. I-irradiance kumphezulu wesampulu, elinganisiweyo, nge-mW kwi-cm nganye esisikwere. Iiwathi ezichazwe ngumvelisi aziyo-irradiance.
  3. Ixesha nokubetha kokukhanya. Ukunikezelwa okuqhubekayo xa kuthelekiswa nokunikezelwa ngokubetha, kuquka ukuphindaphinda kokubetha nomlinganiselo wexesha ukukhanya okusebenza ngalo apho kufanelekileyo.
  4. Ifluence ebalwe ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo emibini engentla, nge-J kwi-cm nganye esisikwere.
  5. Ingxinano yedayi, indlela equlunqwe ngayo, nemeko yokudibana kweemolekyuli zayo. Imonoma kufuphi nama-664 nm ivuselelwa kukukhanya ngendlela eyahlukileyo kumaqela eemolekyuli adibeneyo kufuphi nama-610 nm.
  6. Isithuba phakathi kwechiza nokukhanya. Imizuzu ukuya kwiiyure phakathi kokufakwa kwedayi nokukhanyiselwa, nto leyo egqiba ukuba idayi ikuphi xa ukukhanya kufika.
  7. Ukubonelelwa ngeoksijini. Isinyibilikiso esingeniswe umoya xa sithelekiswa nezicubu ezineoksijini encinane sitshintsha ulungelelwano loHlobo I noHlobo II ngokuthe ngqo.
  8. Ijiyometri. Ubunzulu besampulu, umthamo, uhlobo lwesikhongozeli, umgama ne-engile yomthombo, kunye nobunzulu bendawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwizicubu.

Isikhokelo seeparamitha esinamanqaku sokubekwa kwemethylene blue ekukhanyeni. Ibhokisi esembindini yokubekwa ekukhanyeni idibanisa amanqaku asibhozo aneelebhile zeeparamitha: ubude bamaza nobubanzi bebhendi, i-irradiance elinganisiweyo, ixesha nokubetha kokukhanya, ifluence ebaliweyo, ingxinano yedayi nokudibana kweemolekyuli zayo, isithuba phakathi kwechiza nokukhanya, ukubonelelwa ngeoksijini, nejiyometri yesampulu. Iphaneli esecaleni ithelekisa ukukhanya kwama-660 nm okuhambelana nokufunxwa yidayi nokukhanya kwama-810 nm okungahambelani nako.

Umkhwa oluncedo xa ufunda amaphepha ophando: qala ngokujonga isithuba phakathi kwechiza nokukhanya. Sibonisa injongo. Izicwangciso zefotodynamic zikhanyisela ngabom izicubu ezinedayi. Izicwangciso zokudibanisa iindlela zinokwahlula ezi zinto zimbini ngabom, njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi.

Ifotobiomodulation yokukhanya okukufuphi ne-infrared ayikokuvuselelwa kwedayi kukukhanya

Ifotobiomodulation, edla ngokufinyezwa ngokuba yi-PBM, isebenzisa ukukhanya okubomvu okanye okukufuphi ne-infrared ukulungelelanisa imiqondiso evela ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngaphandle kokongeza into evuselelwa kukukhanya. Unyango lwefotodynamic, oludla ngokufinyezwa ngokuba yi-PDT, lusebenzisa izinto ezintathu kunye: ukukhanya okufunxwa yinto evuselelwa kuko, loo nto ngokwayo, kunye neoksijini ukuze kuveliswe ngokukhawuleza iintlobo ezisebenzayo zekhemikhali ezonakalisa into ekujoliswe kuyo. Uphononongo lwemitochondria njengendawo ekujoliswe kuyo ekukhuseleni inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ludibanisa imethylene blue ne-PBM kuba zombini zifikelela ekuphefumleni kweeseli zisuka kwiindlela ezahlukileyo: idayi isebenza njengento evuselela umjikelo we-redox, ixhasa ukuhamba kwee-electron, ngoxa kuqikelelwa ukuba i-PBM ikhuthaza ukuhlukana kwenitric oxide ethintelayo necytochrome c oxidase kwiComplex IV. Loo ndlela yokusebenza kwe-enzyme ifanele ihlale ichazwa njengengqikelelo.

Izifundo ezimbini zokudibanisa iindlela kwiimpuku ezikhankanywa kakhulu zombini zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwama-810 nm, nto leyo kanye eyenza zingabonisi ukuvuselelwa kwedayi kukukhanya. Kwisifundo sonyango lwangaphambi kokuvinjwa ubuthongo, iimpuku zanikwa imethylene blue yonke imihla nge-0.5 mg nge-kg nganye, ilaser ebetha ngama-810 nm rhoqo emva kosuku olunye, okanye zombini ngaphambi kokuvinjwa ubuthongo. Unyango lwangaphambili oludibeneyo lwakhusela iindlela zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nenkumbulo neeproteni zesynapse kwihippocampus, ngoxa unyango ngalunye lodwa lwasilela ubukhulu becala. Kwisifundo soxinzelelo olungapheliyo esinonyango olwenziwa ngexesha elinye, iimpuku zanikwa i-PBM yama-810 nm nge-8 J kwi-cm nganye esisikwere kunye nedayi yemihla ngemihla nge-0.5 mg nge-kg nganye, ilaser isetyenziswe kuqala kwaza idayi yatofwa kwiiyure ezimbini kamva ngenjongo ethile yokuphepha ukukhanyisela izicubu ezinedayi. Omathathu amaqela abuyisela umva ukusilela ekufundeni, kwaye inzuzo eyongezelelweyo yayibonakala ikakhulu kwicortisol ekwiserum nakwiintlobo zeoksijini ezisebenzayo engqondweni. Ezi ziphumo zivavanya ungenelelo ezimbini ezichaphazela imitochondria ezisetyenziswa kunye, umahluko ingqokelela yezifundo zefotodynamic ewugcina ucacile ngokurekhoda ubude bamaza ngokwemeko nganye ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ubungqina besikhumba bukwelinye icala. Idatha yabantu yemethylene blue kunye nokukhanya esikhumbeni iqokelelene kuma-630 ukuya kuma-680 nm, kusetyenziswa idayi efakwa kumphezulu okanye ngaphakathi kwindawo yesilonda, ngenjongo yokutshabalalisa okanye yokuhlengahlengisa izicubu, nto leyo eyi-PDT ngokwenkcazelo. Ukucaphula oko kupheliswa njengobungqina bokuba idayi iphucula i-PBM, okanye ukucaphula ukubuyiselwa kwemeko kwiimpuku ngama-810 nm njengobungqina bokuba iphaneli yama-660 nm kunye nedayi yinkqubo yokusebenza kwengqondo, kukuxuba ezi nkqubo. Isalathiso semithamo nefarmakoloji kunye nesikhokelo sokhuseleko nokusebenzisana ziqhubeka zichaza imiba yeli bali enxulumene nengxinano neemeko ezingavumeli ukusetyenziswa.

Chaza ingcamango ngaphambi kokuthelekisa amanani. Ubude bamaza bugqiba ukuba idayi iyafunxa na. I-irradiance nexesha zigqiba ukuba ikhemistri yenza ntoni ngoko kufunxwa. Ijiyometri igqiba ukuba yeyiphi inxalenye yesampulu efumana nasiphi na kwezi ziphumo. Ukubekwa ekukhanyeni kabini okuhambelana kwiparamitha enye kodwa kwahluke kwezinye ziimvavanyo ezahlukileyo, kwaye ukukuthatha njengokunokutshintshiselana yimpazamo esi sikhokelo esenzelwe ukuyithintela. Akukho nkqubo yasekhaya iphuma kuko konke oku; ukukhanya okunobude bamaza obuhambelana nedayi kunye nedayi esasazwa emzimbeni wonke kuguqula ukubekwa ekukhanyeni obekunokulungelelanisa umsebenzi kuphela kube yikhemistri yokukhanya eqhutywa yinto evuselelwa kukukhanya, nto leyo efanele ukuba sezandleni zeengcali zekliniki.