Maqaal
Methylene blue ma keenaa kansar? Waxa daraasadaha sunta muujinayaan
Methylene blue wuxuu muujiyey calaamado burooyin ah tijaabooyin xayawaan oo muddo dheer socday, wuxuuna natiijooyin togan ka bixiyey dhowr tijaabo shaybaar oo lagu cabbirayo waxyeellada hidde-sideyaasha. Natiijooyinkaas waa in si dhab ah loo tixgeliyaa. Hase yeeshee, ma caddeeyaan suurtagalnimada in qof uu kansar ku dhaco ka dib soo-gaadhis gaar ah.
Qiimaynta IARC ee la daabacay 2016 waxay methylene blue gelisay Group 3, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in kansar-dhalintiisa dadka aan la kala saari karin. Kooxda shaqadu ma hayn xog kansar oo dadka ah, waxayna caddeynta xayawaanka ku qiimeeyeen mid xaddidan. Group 3 macnaheedu ma aha in la caddeeyey inuusan waxyeello lahayn. Sidoo kale, natiijo laga helay xayawaan macnaheedu ma aha in nooc kasta oo soo-gaadhis bini'aadam ahi yahay sabab la caddeeyey oo kansar keenta.
Saddex su'aalood oo u baahan jawaabo kala duwan
Carcinogenicity waxay khusaysaa samaysanka burooyinka. Daraasad xayawaan oo muddo dheer socota waxay ogaan kartaa qaababka burooyinka ka dib soo-gaadhis si cad loo qeexay. Genotoxicity waxay khusaysaa waxyeellada walxaha hidde-sideyaasha ama dhacdooyinka unugyada ee la xiriira. Tijaabada mutation-ka oo natiijo togan bixisa waxay soo saartaa calaamad digniin ah, laakiin si toos ah uma tirinayso kansarrada dadka ku dhaca. Khatarta dadka waxay khusaysaa suurtagalnimada waxyeello marka la eego xaaladaha dhabta ah ee soo-gaadhista.
Su'aalahan waxay u baahan yihiin cabbirro kala duwan. Tirinta bakteeriyada mutant-ka ah, baaritaanka unugyada dhiigga jiirka iyo ogaanshaha burooyinka marka maydka la baarayo ma aha natiijooyin la isku beddeli karo. Sidoo kale, tijaabo daaweyn ah oo muujinaysa in walax ay dhaawacayso unugyada kansarka ma caddeyso in soo-gaadhis soo noqnoqota ay burooyin ka bilaabi karto unug caafimaad qaba. Doodda gaarka ah ee methylene blue ee cilmi-baarista kansarka waxay ka hadlaysaa sheegashooyinka daaweynta.
Isbarbardhigga daraasadaha: soo-gaadhista muddada dheer ee dhabta ah
Tijaabada ugu muhiimsan waxay isticmaashay methylene blue trihydrate, oo lagu bixiyey 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose iyadoo loo marayo oral gavage, taas oo ah hab la cabbiray oo walaxda tuubo looga geliyo caloosha. Koox kasta oo qiyaas ah oo daraasadda muddada dheer ah waxay ka koobnayd 50 lab iyo 50 dheddig oo nooc kasta ah. Maamulka walaxdu wuxuu dhacay shan maalmood toddobaadkii muddo laba sano ah, sida ku cad warbixinta daraasadda Auerbach iyo asxaabtiisa.
Jadwalku wuxuu ilaalinayaa gunaanadyada NTP ee nooc kasta. Qaddarradu waa milligram walaxda la tijaabiyey halkii kiilogaraam ee miisaanka jidhka xayawaanka maalmaha qiyaasta la siinayo, mana aha talooyin loogu talagalay dadka. Xayawaanka qiyaasta eber helay waxay heleen walaxdii qaadaysay tijaabada oo keliya.
| Qaabka | Kooxaha qiyaasta, mg/kg | Habka iyo muddada | Gunaanadka NTP iyo natiijada khusaysa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jiirarka lab F344/N | 0, 5, 25, 50 | Oral gavage; shan maalmood/toddobaad; laba sano | Caddeyn qaar: adenomas-ka unugyada islet-ka ganaca iyo adenoma/carcinoma la isku daray ayaa kordhay. |
| Jiirarka dheddig F344/N | 0, 5, 25, 50 | Isla jadwalka | Ma jirin caddeyn muujinaysa waxqabad kansar-dhalin ah xaaladahan. |
| Jiirarka lab B6C3F1 | 0, 2.5, 12.5, 25 | Oral gavage; shan maalmood/toddobaad; laba sano | Caddeyn qaar: carcinoma mindhicirka yar iyo adenoma/carcinoma la isku daray ayaa kordhay. Malignant lymphoma sidoo kale waxaa laga yaabaa inuu la xiriiray. |
| Jiirarka dheddig B6C3F1 | 0, 2.5, 12.5, 25 | Isla jadwalka | Caddeyn aan caddayn: koror yar oo malignant lymphoma ah. |
“Caddeyn qaar” waa qaybta NTP ee natiijo tijaabo oo togan laakiin xooggeedu ka yar yahay “caddeyn cad.” “Aan caddayn” waxay tilmaamaysaa natiijo aan la hubin. Qaybahani waxay muujinayaan xoogga caddeynta, mana aha boqolkiiba khatar ama kala-sarrayn muujinaysa sida xooggan ee walaxdu kansar u dhalin karto.
Natiijada jiirarka lab ma ahayn koror si joogto ah ula socda qiyaasta. Adenoma ama carcinoma ee pancreatic islet-ka waxaa laga helay 4/50 xayawaanka control-ka iyo 9/50, 14/50 iyo 8/50 xayawaan ee qiyaasuhu sii kordhayeen. Waraaqda la daabacay waxay sheegaysaa muhiimad tirakoob oo keliya qiyaasta dhexe. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa sheeko fudud oo xariiq toosan ah mid aan sax ahayn; mana caddeyneyso in qiyaasta ugu sarreysa ay ilaalinaysay. Adenoma waa buro aan halis ahayn, halka carcinoma uu yahay buro malignant ah. Natiijo isku-dhafan looma sifayn karo sidii in buro kasta oo la tiriyey ay ahayd kansar.
Sababta soo-koobitaannada kala duwan ay isugu muuqdaan kuwo is khilaafaya
Macluumaadka qorista PROVAYBLUE ee hadda jira wuxuu soo sheegayaa natiijooyinka ganaca ee jiirarka lab, laakiin wuxuu sheegayaa in jiirarka aan lagu arag natiijooyin neoplastic ah oo la xiriira dawada. Waraaqda cilmi-baaristu waxay sheegaysaa in kororka neoplastic ee jiirarka uusan ahayn mid tirakoob ahaan muhiim ah, iyadoo haddana xusaysa isbeddello togan. Si kastaba, NTP waxay jiirarka siisay qaybaha kor lagu muujiyey.
Falanqaynta daraasadaha xayawaanka ee IARC waxay caddeyneysaa kala duwanaansho tirakoob oo muhiim ah: natiijooyinka mindhicirka ee jiirarka lab waxay muujiyeen isbeddello qiyaas-ku-tiirsan oo muhiim ah, laakiin kooxaha qiyaasta gaarka ahi muhiim kama ahayn marka si laba-labo ah loola barbardhigay controls-ka. Tijaabinta qaabka guud ee ka dhex muuqda qiyaaso kala duwan way ka duwan tahay tijaabinta koox kasta si gooni ah. Akhristayaashu waa inay ilaashadaan isha iyo eray-bixinteeda halkii ay dhammaan natiijooyinkan ugu soo koobi lahaayeen “jiirarku kansar bay qaadeen” ama “daraasadda jiirarku waxay ahayd negative.” Midkoodna ma bixiyo heer kansar oo dadka si toos ah loo cabbiray.
Isbarbardhigga daraasadaha: natiijooyinka waxyeellada hidde-sideyaasha
Qaybta genetic toxicology ee NTP Technical Report 540 waxay sharxaysaa tijaabooyin kale oo duwan. S9 waa isku-dar shaybaar oo ay ku jiraan enzymes beerka laga helo, waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu daydo metabolic activation. Jiritaankiisu tijaabada unugga uma beddelo daraasad soo-gaadhis jidh dhan ah.
| Nidaamka tijaabada | Xaaladaha dhabta ah ee soo-gaadhista | Natiijada la cabbiray iyo jawaabta |
|---|---|---|
| Tijaabooyinka mutation-ka bakteeriyada, lot-kii labaad ee la tijaabiyey | Salmonella: 0.25–150 µg/plate; E. coli: 0.25–1,500 µg/plate; iyadoo la adeegsanayo iyo iyadoo aan la adeegsan rat-liver S9 | Mutations ayaa ku kordhay strains-kii la tijaabiyey. |
| Unugyada Chinese hamster ovary ee la dhaqay | Tijaabada sister-chromatid exchange waxay ka koobnayd 0.17–2.5 µg/mL iyadoo aan S9 jirin, ilaa 5 µg/mL iyadoo S9 jiro; tijaabada chromosome-aberration waxay isticmaashay 4.7–22 µg/mL | Natiijooyin togan oo exchange iyo chromosome-aberration ah. |
| Jiirarka lab, tijaabo degdeg ah | Hal intraperitoneal injection: 25, 50 ama 150 mg/kg; samples at 48 hours | Ma jirin koror micronucleated erythrocytes ah oo ku yimid dhuuxa ama dhiigga. |
| Jiirarka lab iyo dheddig, tijaabo soo noqnoqota | Oral gavage: 25, 50, 100 ama 200 mg/kg; shan maalmood/toddobaad muddo saddex bilood ah | Ma jirin koror peripheral-blood micronucleated erythrocytes ah. |
Micronucleus waa jidh yar oo dheeraad ah oo ku jira nukleeyaska kaas oo ka dhalan kara jabitaanka chromosome-ka ama luminta chromosome-ka inta unuggu qaybsamayo. Tijaabada unugyada dhiigga ee negative-ka ahi waxay ka jawaabaysaa su'aashaas gaarka ah ee unugyada la qaaday. Kama saari karto nooc kasta oo waxyeello DNA ah xubin kasta. Dhanka kale, tijaabada unugyo la dhaqay ee positive-ka ahi ma sheegto concentration-ka ay unugyada qofku dhab ahaan gaareen.
Macluumaadka qoristu sidoo kale wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa qaabkan guud: tijaabooyin bakteeriyo iyo unugyo la dhaqay oo positive ah, iyo tijaabooyinka micronucleus-ka jiirka oo negative ah. In methylene blue si fudud loogu yeero “genotoxic” ama “non-genotoxic” waxay meesha ka saaraysaa macluumaad muhiim u ah fasiraadda.
Waxa tani uga dhigan tahay soo-gaadhista qofka
Daraasaduhu ma bixiyaan xad maalinle ah oo la xaqiijiyey inuu dadka uga badbaado kansarka. In qiyaasta jiirka lagu qaybiyo qodob miisaanka jidhka ah ma xallinayso kala duwanaanshaha nuugista, dheef-shiidka, habka gelitaanka, soo noqnoqoshada soo-gaadhista ama muddada nolosha oo dhan. Waxay soo saari lahayd qaddar la beddelay, ma aha caddeyn badbaado.
Tijaabo gavage ah oo laba sano socota iyo daaweyn gaaban oo xididka laga siiyo iyadoo caafimaad ahaan la kormeerayo waxay ka jawaabayaan su'aalo kala duwan. Kala duwanaanshahaasi wuxuu ka hortagayaa in tirooyinka si toos ah loo dabaqo; balse ma tirtiro natiijooyinka xayawaanka. Qiimayn waxtar leh waxay ka bilaabataa compound-ka iyo formulation-ka saxda ah, qaddarka, habka gelitaanka, inta jeer, muddada iyo sababta loo isticmaalayo. “Dhowr dhibcood” kama sheego concentration-ka iyo mugga la cabbiray midna.
Haddii methylene blue loo bixiyey sabab caafimaad, natiijooyinka burooyinka oo keliya ma go'aamin karaan in faa'iidooyinka daaweyntaas ay ka badnaayeen khataraha. Haddii la tixgelinayo isticmaal ikhtiyaari ah oo soo noqnoqda, khatar kansar oo muddo dheer ah oo aan la cabbirin looma sifayn karo eber. Arrimo degdeg badan, oo ay ku jiraan isdhexgalka dawooyinka iyo u nuglaanshaha haemolysis, waxaa lagu sharxay waxyeellooyinka iyo contraindications-ka.
Si aad u sii akhrido, isticmaal maktabadda cilmi-baarista si aad u kala saarto daraasadaha dadka iyo tijaabooyinka xayawaanka iyo unugyada. Su'aasha aasaasiga ah ee waraaq kasta waa nooca soo-gaadhista ay tijaabisay iyo natiijada ay dhab ahaan cabbirtay.