Chinyorwa
Methylene blue yeCOVID-19 neCOVID yenguva refu: uchapupu
Kufarira methylene blue yeCOVID kwakatanga nemubvunzo une musoro. Mushonga uyu wakachipa, une nhoroondo refu mukurapa, uye basa remurabhoritari rakaratidza kuti une zvawaiita kurwisa SARS-CoV-2. Asi mubvunzo mumwe chete iwoyo wakakurumidza kupatsanuka kuva mibvunzo mitatu yakasiyana, uye vaverengi vanoivhenganisa vanozodudzira uchapupu zvisiri izvo.
Mibvunzo mitatu yacho ndeiyi: inorapa utachiona huri muchikamu chekutanga muvarwere here, inoita kuti utachiona husashande kunze kwemuviri here, uye inobatsira pazviratidzo zvinoramba zviripo mushure mechikamu chekutanga zvinozivikanwa seCOVID yenguva refu here. Mumwe nemumwe une nzira yakasiyana yekuita tsvakurudzo, chinhu chakasiyana chinoyerwa, uye mhinduro yakasiyana. Chinyorwa ichi chinozvichengeta zvakaparadzana uye chinopedzisa nerondedzero yakanyoreswa yemiedzo yaunogona kutarisa usati waita chero sarudzo pamwe nenyanzvi yezvekurapa.
Utachiona huri muchikamu chekutanga: chiratidzo chinodzokororwa chekuvandudzika kweokisijeni pasina uchapupu hwekupora
Pfungwa yekutanga yekushandisa mushonga uyu pane chimwe chinangwa yakatsanangurwa muongororo inorondedzera yezva2021, yakaongorora mashandiro emethylene blue mumuviri uye yakanyora miedzo mishanu yakanyoreswa yemethylene blue mukutarisira COVID-19. Ongororo iyoyo inobatsira segwara rekutangira, kwete seuchapupu. Yakakurudzira nzira dzingashandiswa nemushonga, dzakadai sekutenderera kwemaitiro eredox nekuderedza kukuvara kunokonzerwa neoxidation, uye yakanyora miedzo yakanga isati yapera panguva iyoyo. Mamiriro emiedzo akachinja kubva ipapo, saka chimwe nechimwe chakanyorwa chinofanira kutariswa patsva pane kungovimba nerondedzero ya2021.
Zvakafanana zvinobuda muzvinyorwa zvakazotevera zvakakwana kuti zvitsanangurwe. Tsvakurudzo dzakati wandei muzvipatara zveIran dzakaedza methylene blue sechimwe chikamu chemishonga yakasanganiswa yakawedzerwa pakurapwa kwakajairika, uye dzakataura kuvandudzika kweokisijeni kwenguva pfupi nekupfupika kwenguva yekugara muchipatara. Mune mumwe mushumo wechikamu 2 wevarwere 80, nguva yekugara muchipatara yakanga iri mazuva anenge 7 kune vakapiwa musanganiswa, zvichienzaniswa nemazuva anenge 12 kune vakapiwa kurapwa kwakajairika chete. Mumwe mushumo wakakura wakafanana newechikamu 3, wevarwere 223, wakaratidza maitiro akafanana asi hauna kuwana musiyano wakakosha maererano nenhamba pakufa. Idzi itsvakurudzo umo varwere nevatsvakurudzi vaiziva kurapwa kwaipiwa, uye dzaishandisa chirongwa chemishonga ine zvikamu zvakawanda; izvi zvakakosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zvatichadzokera kwazviri pazasi.
Imwe tsvakurudzo itsva yakagovera varwere mumapoka zvisina kurongwa inojekesa nyaya yacho. Muvarwere 122 vaiva muchipatara vane COVID-19 neARDS, boka raigamuchira methylene blue nemuromo pamwe nekurapwa kwakajairika rakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwekuzadzwa kweropa neokisijeni kupfuura kurapwa kwakajairika chete, paine kudyidzana kwakakosha maererano nenhamba pakati peboka nenguva. Asi nguva yekugara muchipatara uye kufa pamwedzi mumwe nemwedzi mitatu hazvina kusiyana zvakakosha mumuedzo weARDS wakagovera varwere mumapoka zvisina kurongwa. Imwe rondedzero diki yekurapwa kwekununura, isina boka rekuenzanisa, yevarwere 50 vairwara zvakanyanya vakapiwa methylene blue mutsinga, yakataura kuti zviyero zveokisijeni zvakakwira mushure mekurapwa. Asi nekufa kwevanhu 20 uye pasina boka rekuenzanisa, rondedzero iyoyo yezviitiko zvekurapwa kwekununura haigoni kuratidza kuti mushonga ndiwo wakakonzera shanduko.
Muedzo wakasimba zvikuru wekuongorora kushanda kurwisa utachiona, une boka rakapiwa placebo, unoratidza zvakasiyana. Muedzo NCT04635605 wakagovera varwere vaisarara muchipatara zvisina kurongwa kuti vapiwe dosi rimwe remethylene blue nemuromo kana placebo, ndokuyera huwandu hweutachiona nekubviswa kwahwo. Mhedzisiro haina kuratidza kushanda pautachiona, sezvakapfupikiswa mumushumo wemuedzo wakabudiswa. Kupinzwa muchipatara hakuna kuderedzwawo mune mumwe muedzo une hukama asi wakasiyana, wakaedza plasma yevanhu vakanga vapora, yakanga yaiswa methylene blue isati yawedzerwa muropa. Tsvakurudzo iyoyo yevarwere 376 vaisarara muchipatara yakawana mwero wekupinzwa muchipatara neshanduko muhuwandu hweutachiona zvakada kufanana mumapoka eplasma neplacebo mumuedzo weplasma weCOnV-ert. Kuisa methylene blue muplasma inzira yekugadzirisa chinobva muropa, kwete kurapa nemethylene blue inopararira mumuviri wose, saka hazvifaniri kuverengwa semuedzo wekutora mushonga wacho.
Kutaura zviri pachena: methylene blue yeCOVID inoratidza chiratidzo chinodzokororwa pazviyero zvekuwanikwa kweokisijeni, asi hapana kuratidzwa kunogutsa kwekukurumidza kubviswa kweutachiona, kuderera kwekupinzwa muchipatara, kana kuderera kwekufa. Kuzadzwa kweropa neokisijeni kwakakodzera kuteverwa, asi hakusi chinhu chimwe chete nekurapa utachiona kusvika munhu apora.
Vaverengi vasati vajaira mashandiro emethylene blue sechinhu chinoita redox dzimwe nguva vanofunga kuti kuvandudzika kweokisijeni kunoreva kuurayiwa kweutachiona. Hazvirevi izvozvo. Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni kunoratidza kukuvara kwemapapu, mashandiro ehemoglobin, uye kutenderera kweropa. Huwandu hweutachiona hunoratidza kuberekana kwahwo. Mushonga unogona kukanganisa chimwe pasina kukanganisa chimwe chacho.
Kuita kuti utachiona husashande murabhoritari: mhedzisiro yakasimba, zvainoreva zvakaganhurirwa
Murabhoritari mhedzisiro inooneka yakasimba zvikuru, uye musiyano iwoyo unovhiringidza pfupiso dzakawanda. Basa rekutanga rekukudza masero rakataura kuti huwandu hwakaderera pamwero wemicromolar hwaiita hafu yemhedzisiro yepamusoro inogoneka kurwisa SARS-CoV-2 mumasero eVero E6. Izvi zvakapa hwaro hwemiedzo muvanhu yakataurwa mutsvakurudzo dzekutanga dzekukudza masero. Zviedzo zvekubatanidza mushonga neutachiona zvakananga zvakazoratidza methylene blue ichikuvadza RNA yeutachiona mushure memaawa ekusangana, kunyange pasina kumutswa kwekushanda kwayo nechiedza, sezvakaitwa naCagno nevamwe vake.
Nechiedza mhedzisiro yacho inokura zvikuru. Kubatanidza methylene blue nechiedza chelaser chitsvuku kwakaita kuti utachiona hwakawanda hwaiva hwakaturikwa mumvura husashande zvachose uye kwakadzivirira zvidimbu zvemasero zvakakora sero rimwe chete mutsvakurudzo yekuita kuti utachiona husashande uchishandisa mushonga nechiedza. Basa rezvinobva muropa rinoratidza zvakafanana: methylene blue pamwero ungangoita 0.8 micromolar pamwe nechiedza chinooneka zvakaderedza kugona kweSARS-CoV-2 kutapurira utachiona muplasma nematanho anenge mashanu ekuwanda kagumi, nepo methylene blue isina chiedza yakaita zvishoma zvikuru, maererano nezviedzo zvekuderedza utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere muplasma. Kubviswa kwakafanana kweutachiona mumasampuli ekurapa uchishandisa chiedza kwenguva pfupi kwakataurwa mune imwe tsvakurudzo yakazotevera yekubvisa utachiona mumasampuli.
Nzira yakarurama yekuzvinzwisisa ndeyekuti chinhu chinoparadza utachiona huri kunze kwemasero, kwete mushonga unorwisa utachiona huri mukati memasero. Imwe tsvakurudzo ya2024 yemashandiro acho yakajekesa musiyano uyu: methylene blue yakaita kuti zvimedu zvecoronavirus zvaiva kunze kwemasero zvisashande zvachose murima, asi yakanga isina zvainenge ichiita kana masero atova neutachiona. Kupiwa nemuromo hakuna kudzivirira mbeva dzaigona kutapukirwa kubva pautachiona hunouraya mukuenzanisa ikoko kwekunze nekumukati kwemasero.
Musiyano iwoyo unotsanangura zvinoonekwa mukurapa varwere. Mushonga unogona kuva chinhu chakanakisisa chekudzima utachiona panzvimbo, mumasampuli, kana muplasma, kunyanya uchishandisa chiedza, asi uchitadza kushanda semushonga unorwisa utachiona mumuviri wose nokuti nyama dzemunzira dzokufema dzine utachiona dzakasiyana nezviri muchubhu yemurabhoritari. Kuita kuti utachiona husashande murabhoritari kunotsigira kushandiswa pakuchengeteka kwemidziyo neropa. Hakuratidzi kuti methylene blue yeCOVID kurapa varwere kwakasimbiswa.
COVID yenguva refu: pfungwa chete, hapana muedzo wekugovera varwere zvisina kurongwa wakapedzwa
Uchapupu hwemethylene blue yeCOVID yenguva refu huri padanho rakaderera zvakare. Chinyorwa cha2021 chinowanzotaurwa chine mashoko okuti "kusuruvara mushure meCOVID" mumusoro wacho itsamba yepfungwa yekufungidzira, kwete muedzo. Chinokurudzira nzira dzine chekuita nemitochondria nekuzvimba kwetsinga dzouropi dzingaita kuti pave nerubatsiro, asi hachitauri mhedzisiro yakayerwa nemapoka ekuenzanisa mushure mechikamu chekutanga mutsamba yepfungwa pamusoro pezviratidzo zvemushure meCOVID. Iyoyo ipfungwa yekutangira, kwete mhedzisiro.
Kusvika mukupera kwa2026, hatina kuwana muedzo wakanyoreswa uye wakapedzwa, wakagovera varwere mumapoka zvisina kurongwa, uchiedza methylene blue zvakanangana nezvinetso zvatovapo mushure mechikamu chekutanga. Mishumo midiki yakatevera varwere vechikamu chekutanga mushure mekupiwa methylene blue kana kurapwa nemushonga nechiedza, ichibvunza nezvezviratidzo zvinoramba zviripo, haigoni kuzadza kushaikwa uku. Midiki, haina mapoka ekuenzanisa, uye kazhinji inosanganisa methylene blue nekurapwa nechiedza kana mimwe mishonga, saka haigoni kuratidza kudzivirirwa kana kurapwa kweCOVID yenguva refu.
Chero munhu ari kuongorora zvinonzi zvinobatsira pano anofanira kubvunza mibvunzo mitatu. Vanhu vakatsvakurudzwa vakatsanangurwa sevari mushure mechikamu chekutanga pane kuva muchikamu chekutanga here. Paiva neboka rekuenzanisa here. Kuneta, kutadza kutsungirira kuita zvinonetesa muviri, kuomerwa nekufunga, kana chimwe chiratidzo chakanga chasarudzwa kare zvakayerwa pachishandiswa chikero chakasimbiswa here. Kana mhinduro kune mumwe wemibvunzo iyi iri kwete, mushumo wacho unopa mamiriro enyaya, kwete uchapupu hwekushanda.
Cherechedzo pamusoro pezvirongwa zvemishonga yakasanganiswa nenaltrexone yemadosi akaderera
Mamwe marongero ekurapa ari paindaneti anosanganisa methylene blue nenaltrexone yemadosi akaderera pakuneta kunotevera utachiona. Izvi zvinounza dambudziko rekuziva chakakonzera shanduko. Kana nzira mbiri dzekurapa dzikatanga pamwe chete uye zviratidzo zvikachinja, shanduko yacho hairatidzi kuti ndeipi nzira yakabatsira, kana paine yakabatsira, kana kuti musanganiswa wacho wakachengeteka. Kupora kwega, kuzorora, kupindura kuplacebo, uye kumwe kurapwa kuri kuitwa panguva imwe chete zvinogonawo kutsanangura kuvandudzika.
Kufunga uku kunoshandawo kumiedzo yemishonga yakasanganiswa yeCOVID yechikamu chekutanga iri pamusoro, umo methylene blue yaipiwa pamwe nevitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, kana zvimwe zvinhu pamwe nekurapwa kwakajairika. Kugara muchipatara kwenguva pfupi muboka rakapiwa musanganiswa hakusarudzi methylene blue yoga sechakakonzera izvozvo. Vaverengi vanotora methylene blue pamwe nezvimwe zvinowedzera kudya kana mishonga vanofanira kuongorora ruzivo rwekudyidzana kwemishonga nemamiriro anoita kuti isafanira kushandiswa pamwe nenyanzvi yezvekurapa, pane kufunga kuti nyaya yemunhu akashandisa musanganiswa inoshandawo kwavari. Ruzivo rwekuchengeteka kwemethylene blue rwakanyanya kukosha nokuti mishonga inobata serotonin, kushomeka kweG6PD, kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo, uye pamuviri zvinoshandura zvachose kuyerwa kwenjodzi.
Rondedzero yakanyoreswa yemiedzo netsvakurudzo ine zvinoyerwa zvinoenderana nechirwere
Shandisa tafura iyi sereferensi yekutanga yechinyorwa ichi. Chirwere chinotsanangura kuti ndechipi chinhu chinoyerwa chakakosha. Zvakanyorwa murondedzero zvinoratidza mamiriro sezvaakataurwa kusvika mukupera kwa2026; simbisa mamiriro azvino usati wazvitaura, nokuti zvinyorwa zvakanyoreswa zvinononoka kufambirana nezvinobudiswa.
| Tsvakurudzo | Chirwere chakaedzwa | Kurapwa kwakapiwa | Zvinoyerwa zvinoenderana nechirwere | Mamiriro nemhedzisiro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04370288 | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga, yakanyanya | Methylene blue 1 mg per kg pamwe nevitamin C neN-acetylcysteine, gare gare zvirongwa zvemethylene blue iri muchimiro chakaredukiwa inopiwa nemuromo, pamwe nekurapwa kwakajairika | Kusada muchina wekubatsira kufema pazuva 7; mishumo yakazotevera: kuzadzwa kweropa neokisijeni, mwero wekufema, nguva yekugara muchipatara, kufa | Mishumo yakafanana neyechikamu 1 ne2 inotsanangura kuvandudzika kweokisijeni nekupfupika kwekugara muchipatara; kurapwa kwaizivikanwa, chirongwa chemishonga yakasanganiswa, mapoka madiki |
| NCT04547127 | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga | Chirongwa chemishonga chine methylene blue pamwe nekurapwa kwakajairika | Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni, zviyero zvekupora kwevarwere | Yakanyorwa muongororo ya2021; tarisa rondedzero yakanyoreswa kuti uone mamiriro azvino, hapana mhedzisiro yemuedzo wakapedzwa yemhando yepamusoro yakasimbisa kushanda |
| NCT04376788 | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga | Kurapwa nemethylene blue maererano nezvakanyoreswa | Zviyero zvemamiriro evarwere maererano nezvakanyoreswa | Yakanyorwa muongororo ya2021; tarisa rondedzero yakanyoreswa kuti uone mamiriro azvino usati waita chirevo nezvayo |
| NCT04619290 | Chirongwa chezvirwere zvemapapu chinosanganisira nyaya dzeCOVID | Kurapwa nemethylene blue maererano nezvakanyoreswa | Zviyero zvekufema maererano nezvakanyoreswa | Yakanyorwa muongororo ya2021; tarisa rondedzero yakanyoreswa kuti uone mamiriro azvino usati waita chirevo nezvayo |
| NCT04635605 | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga, varwere vasingarari muchipatara | Dosi rimwe remethylene blue nemuromo richienzaniswa neplacebo | Shanduko muhuwandu hweutachiona, kubviswa kweutachiona | Wakapedzwa; hauna kuratidza kushanda pautachiona |
| NCT04621123 (COnV-ert) | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga, varwere vasingarari muchipatara | Plasma yevanhu vakapora, yakaderedzwa utachiona nemethylene blue nechiedza, ichienzaniswa neplacebo yemvura ine munyu | Kupinzwa muchipatara, huwandu hweutachiona pazuva 7 | Wakapedzwa muvarwere 376; hapana musiyano mukupinzwa muchipatara kana muhuwandu hweutachiona; unoedza nzira yekugadzirisa plasma, kwete kupa mushonga unopararira mumuviri wose |
| IRCT20200409047007N2 | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga ine ARDS, varwere vari muchipatara | Methylene blue nemuromo pamwe nekurapwa kwakajairika (n yakaenzana ne62) zvichienzaniswa nekurapwa kwakajairika (n yakaenzana ne60) | Mafambiro ekuzadzwa kweropa neokisijeni, nguva yekugara muchipatara, kufa pamwedzi 1 ne3 | Wakapedzwa muvarwere 122; kuzadzwa kweropa neokisijeni kwakavandudzika, nguva yekugara nekufa hazvina kusiyana zvakakosha maererano nenhamba |
| Rondedzero yekurapwa kwekununura kuburikidza nemutsinga isina boka rekuenzanisa | COVID-19 yechikamu chekutanga, okisijeni yakaderera zvikuru muropa | Methylene blue mutsinga 1 mg per kg kusvika kumadosi mashanu | Chiyero cheokisijeni, kudiwa kwekubatsirwa kufema, kubudiswa muchipatara, kufa | Varwere 50; chiyero cheokisijeni chakakwira, 30 vakabudiswa, 20 vakafa; hapana boka rekuenzanisa saka hapana chirevo chechikonzero chinogona kuitwa |
| Chirongwa chekuita kuti utachiona husashande murabhoritari | Ex vivo ne in vitro, kwete muvarwere | Methylene blue ine kana isina chiedza chitsvuku kana chinooneka; nzira yekugadzirisa plasma pamwero ungangoita 0.8 micromolar | Kuderedzwa pakero yelog kwekugona kutapurira utachiona, TCID50, kukuvara kweRNA | Mhedzisiro yakasimba yekuita kuti utachiona huri kunze kwemasero husashande, kunyanya nechiedza; inotsigira kushandiswa pakubvisa utachiona chete |
| COVID yenguva refu nezvinetso zvemushure mechikamu chekutanga | Zviratidzo zvatovapo mushure mechikamu chekutanga | Hapana muedzo wemethylene blue wakapedzwa wakagovera varwere mumapoka zvisina kurongwa wakaonekwa | Zvikero zvezviratidzo zvakasarudzwa kare, zviyero zvekugona kuita mabasa | Uchapupu hahupo; pane zvinyorwa zvepfungwa chete uye zvakacherechedzwa mukutevera varwere pasina mapoka ekuenzanisa |
Mashandisirwo euchapupu uhu
Chengeta mamiriro matatu aya akaparadzana. Pautachiona huri muchikamu chekutanga, pfupiso yakatendeseka ndeyekuti panogona kuva nekuvandudzika kweokisijeni asi kushanda pakubviswa kweutachiona, kupinzwa muchipatara, kana kurarama hakuna kusimbiswa. Pakushanda murabhoritari, methylene blue ine chiedza inzira yakasimbiswa yekuita kuti utachiona husashande mumamiriro ayo akaedzwa. PaCOVID yenguva refu, pari zvino hapana hwaro hwemiedzo hwekushandisa mushonga pakurapa.
Chero munhu ari kufunga kuishandisa anofanira kukurukura dosi, nguva yekuishandisa, mishonga inodyidzana nayo, uye kana akakodzera kuishandisa nenyanzvi yezvekurapa, uye anofanira kutarisa kana mhedzisiro yemuedzo yakazotevera ichichinja kuyerwa kwezvakanakira nezvakaipira. Zvinyorwa zvemiedzo zvinovandudzwa mushure mekunge ongororo dzatumirwa kunobudiswa, uye nyaya iyi yakatomboshanduka kubva papfungwa yakakurudzirwa kusvika pamhedzisiro isina kukwana. Tsika iyoyo yekuongororazve rondedzero yakanyoreswa inokosha kupfuura tsvakurudzo ipi neipi imwe chete.