Methylene blue pakurwisa biofilm: zvinoyerwa nezvidzidzo zvemurabhoritari zvinomutswa nechiedza

Biofilm haisi boka remasero akayangarara mumvura. Chimiro chakarongeka: masero anonamatira pamusoro pechinhu, akanyudzwa mumatrix yaanozvigadzirira ine mapolysaccharide, mapuroteni, neDNA iri kunze kwemasero, uye oxygen nezvinovaka muviri zvichisiyana pakuwanda kubva kunze zvichienda mukati. Chimiro ichi ndicho chikonzero nei komboni inouraya mabhakitiriya akayangarara mumvura mumaminitsi ichigona kutadza kurwisa zvipenyu zvimwe chete zvakakuriswa zviri mubiofilm. Chero zvinotaurwa nezvemethylene blue nebiofilm zvinofanira kududzirwa tichifunga chimiro ichi, nokuti matrix ndiyo inotara kuti dhayi yakawanda sei inosvika kumasero uye kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chinosvika kudhayi.

Ongororo iyi inobata zvinyorwa zvitatu chete. Chimwe chinopa ruzivo rwekumashure. Zviviri zvinotaura nezvekuyedza kwakaitwa murabhoritari. Kuparadzanisa mabasa aya ndiyo nzira yose inoshandiswa pano, uye kunodzivirira chikanganiso chinowanzoitwa munyaya iyi: kutaura zvakabuda mundiro yekuyedza sokunge humbowo hwekurapa hutachiona mumunhu.

Chinyorwa cheruzivo rwekumashure ndechemakemikari, kwete kuuraya

Chekare pazvitatu izvi iongororo inotsanangura kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvephenothiazinium zvinonzwa chiedza yakabudiswa muna 2005. Inotevera methylene blue kubva pakuva dhayi yomuzana remakore rechi19 kusvika pakuva komboni yokutanga yaishandiswa mukugadzira kurapwa kwekenza nephotodynamics, uye gare gare kurapwa nemakemikari anorwisa tupukanana achishandisa photodynamics. Inobatsira nekutsanangura hukama huri pakati pechimiro chekomboni nebasa rayo: kuwedzera mapoka emethyl pachromophore kunowedzera kugona kwayo kubatana nemafuta, huwandu hwesinglet oxygen inogadzirwa, nesimba rokuuraya mabhakitiriya nechiedza, uku kuchinonotsa kushandurwa kwayo kuburikidza nereduction kuita chimiro cheleuco chisingashandi zvakanyanya. Inotaurawo pachena dambudziko riri mundima iyi. Mishumo mizhinji yaishandisa madhayi akajairika anotengeswa, paine basa shoma rokugadzira makomboni anobva paari.

Shandisa ongororo iyi pachikamu chinotsanangura mashandiro acho pakunzwisisa kwako: chiedza chinoisa dhayi muchimiro chine simba rakakwirira; muchimiro chetriplet, dhayi inodyidzana neoxygen kuburikidza nekutamiswa kwesimba kweType II kuti igadzire singlet oxygen, kana kuburikidza nekutamiswa kweelectron kweType I kuti igadzire radicals. Kurwisa uku kunoshandisa nzira dzakawanda ndiko kunoita kuti nzira dzakajairika dzokudzivirira kuurayiwa dzisashanda zvakanaka pakurwiswa nephotodynamics. Usashandise ongororo iyi sehumbowo hwekuderedzwa kunoyerwa ne log. Haina kuyera kuderedzwa kwakadaro. Ruzivo rwakakura rwemakemikari anoshanda nechiedza rwuri kuseri kwemashandiro aya rwakatsanangurwa muunganidzwa wehumbowo hwekurapwa nephotodynamics, uye mitemo yewavelength inotara kana rambi rakati richigona kuita kuti izvi zviitike yakatsanangurwa muchinyorwa chekuti methylene blue inotora sei chiedza chitsvuku.

Kuedzwa kuviri kwebiofilm, nemhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzezvinoyerwa

Mapepa maviri ekuyedza ose anoongorora kushanda kwephotodynamics yemethylene blue pabiofilm dzemumuromo pa660 nm, asi pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinenge zvose anosiyana. Mapoka ezvipenyu akasiyana, mazera akasiyana, magadzirirwo edhayi akasiyana, huwandu hwechiedza hwakasiyana, uye chinonyanya kukosha, zvinhu zvinoyerwa zvakasiyana. Musiyano iwoyo ndiwo musimboti wechinyorwa ichi, uye ndiwo unoratidzwawo netafura yokuenzanisa yepakutanga iri pazasi.

Chekutanga ichidzidzo che in vitro chebiofilm yakakura yemarudzi akawanda iri pasi pemazino panzvimbo inosangana zino nengamu chakabudiswa muna 2024. Marudzi makumi matatu nematatu akakuriswa pamwe chete pamapini epolystyrene muCalgary Biofilm Device, achipiwa zvinovaka muviri pasina oxygen. Mushonga wokukurisa wakatsiviwa mushure memaawa 72, kukura kukaramba kuchiitwa kusvika pamazuva 7 akanga arongwa. Pakuyedza, pakashandiswa methylene blue isina kuiswa muchinhu chinotakura pa0.01 percent, pamwe neLED tsvuku ye660 nm yaipa chiedza chinosvika 330 mW per square cm kwemaminitsi 5 iri pachinhambwe che2 mm, izvo kana zvawanda pamwe chete zvinopa anenge 99 J per square cm. Hurongwa hwacho hunoparadzanisa zvinhu zviri kuedzwa zvakajeka mumapoka mana: boka rekuenzanisa risina kuitirwa chinhu, dhayi isina chiedza, chiedza chisina dhayi, uye dhayi pamwe nechiedza.

Chechipiri ichidzidzo che in vitro chebiofilm yemumuromo yezvipenyu zvinotanga kugara panzvimbo chakabudiswa muna 2021. Marudzi mana eStreptococcus akakuriswa pamwe chete kwemaawa 24 mumaplate ane matsime 96, aine sucrose ye1 percent. Chinhu chinonzwa chiedza chaiva methylene blue yakabatanidzwa nemananoparticle ebeta cyclodextrin pa4.65 micromolar, magadzirirwo akaitirwa kutakura dhayi ichipfuura pazvipingamupinyi zvebiofilm. Zvose zviviri zvaibudisa chiedza chitsvuku pa660 nm kwemasekonzi 90, asi huwandu hwechiedza hwakasiyana zvikuru: 320 J per square cm muboka relaser uye 8.1 J per square cm muboka reLED. Mapoka ekuenzanisa aisanganisira dhayi isina chiedza, laser chete, LED chete, mvura ine munyu seboka rekuenzanisa risina chinhu chinorwisa tupukanana, uye chlorhexidine ye0.2 percent seyero yokuenzanisa nayo kurwiswa kwetupukanana.

Boka rinokura pasina oxygen rine marudzi 33 uye rine mazuva 7, nebiofilm yezvipenyu zvokutanga kugara panzvimbo ine marudzi 4 uye ine maawa 24, masisitimu ekuyera akasiyana. Nhamba dzinotevera hadzigoni kusanganiswa kuti pave neavhareji imwe.

Zvakayerwa chaizvo nechidzidzo chimwe nechimwe

Muchidzidzo chebiofilm yakakura, zvakayerwa zvaiva kushanda kwemetabolism kuburikidza nereduction yeTTC yaiverengwa pa485 nm, uye kuwanda kwemabhakitiriya kuburikidza necheckerboard DNA DNA hybridization, pachishandiswa maprobe emarudzi 33, paine muganhu wokukwanisa kuona uri pedyo nemasero 10,000. Hapana kuverengwa kwezvipenyu nokuzvikurisa pamaplate, hapana kuyerwa kwehuremu hwezvinhu zvipenyu necrystal violet, hapana mifananidzo yokusiyanisa zvipenyu nezvakafa, uye hapana kutevera kuti zvakakura zvakare here. LED chete yakaderedza kushanda kwemetabolism neanenge 50 percent zvichienzaniswa nemapoka asina LED, uye dhayi pamwe neLED zvakakuderedza neanenge 55 percent. Dhayi chete yakanga iri muboka rimwe nerisina kuitirwa chinhu pakuongorora kwenhamba. Pakuwanda kwakatorwa kubva paDNA, dhayi chete, LED chete, uye dhayi pamwe neLED zvose zvaiva pasi peboka rekuenzanisa nemusiyano wakakosha pakuongorora kwenhamba, pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati pezvitatu izvi. Vanyori vanotaura zvinorehwa neizvi zvakananga: zvakashandiswa hazvina kuparadza biofilm yakanga yatogara yakanamatira uye ine marudzi mazhinji etupukanana; biofilm yakakura iri munzvimbo dzakapoteredza mazino inoda kukanganiswa kwechimiro chayo nemichina, photodynamics ichingova nzira yokuwedzera pane izvozvo, kana ichishandiswa.

Muchidzidzo chezvipenyu zvokutanga kugara panzvimbo, chakayerwa chaiva tupukanana tuchiri tupenyu twakawanikwa pakukuriswa pamishonga inosarudza zvipenyu zvinokura pairi, zvichiratidzwa pachikero chelogarithm. Boka redhayi isina chiedza harina kusiyana neboka remvura ine munyu. Mapoka ose maviri akamutswa nechiedza, laser pamwe nedhayi yakaputirwa mumutakuri uye LED pamwe nedhayi yakaputirwa mumutakuri, akaderedza huwandu hwezvipenyu kusvika paanenge 4 log zvichienzaniswa neboka rekuenzanisa risina chinhu chinorwisa tupukanana. Uku kuderera kwakapetwa ka10,000 kana kuti 99.99 percent pachiyero ichocho, uye hapana rimwe remapoka aya rakasiyana nechlorhexidine pakuongorora kwenhamba. Nhamba dzechiedza chete nedhayi yaishandiswa murima hadzina kutaurwa senhamba dze log dzakasiyana dzinogona kuvimbwa nadzo. Saka pfupiso yakatendeseka ndiyo inotsigirwa nepepa racho: dhayi yakaputirwa mumutakuri uye yakamutswa nechiedza ndiyo yakaita kuti huwandu hudzikire, dhayi yaiva murima haina kudaro, uye kukura kwekuderedzwa uku kwakaenzana neyero yemushonga unouraya tupukanana pamuenzaniso uyu webiofilm diki.

Hapana rimwe remapepa aya rakayera kukura zvakare mushure mezvakaitwa, huremu hwezvinhu zvipenyu hwakasara, kana chimiro chematrix. Kuderedzwa kweCFU hakutaure chinhu nezvematrix yasara. Kuderera kwemetabolism hakutaure chinhu nezvezvipenyu zvinenge zvapona. Kuverengwa kweDNA hakugoni kutaura kuti ndezvipi zvichiri zvipenyu.

Kuenzanisa bvunzo nezvinhu zvinoyerwa

Tafura iyi ndiyo nzira yokuenzanisa muchinyorwa chino. Verenga uchitevedza mutsetse kuti uone zvinoratidzwa nechidzidzo chimwe, uye verenga uchidzika nekoramu kuti uone mibvunzo isingapindurwi nechimwe chezvidzidzo zviviri izvi.

Misiyano mitatu inofanira kusimbiswa. Kutanga, mumuenzaniso wakakura, boka rechiedza chete rinotsanangura chinenge chose chakachinja pametabolism, saka nhamba ye55 percent haisi kuuraya kunokonzerwa nedhayi. Chechipiri, mumuenzaniso mudiki, magadzirirwo edhayi ari murima haashandi, uye kuchinja kunoonekwa chete kana paine chiedza; ichi ndicho chiratidzo chokumutswa nechiedza. Chechitatu, kuderera kwe80 percent pahuwandu hwakatorwa kubva paDNA kuri pedyo ne0.7 log mumasvomhu chete kana chinhu chaiyerwa chaiva huwandu hwezvipenyu. Hachisi icho chakayerwa, saka izvi hazvifaniri kumbotaurwa sokuuraya kunoyerwa ne log. Ruzivo runoenderana nebiofilm yemazino rwakaunganidzwa mutsvakurudzo yebiofilm yemumuromo nemazino, uye nzira yakajairika yokuparadzanisa mienzaniso, nzira dzokupinza zvinhu, nezvinoyerwa pazvidzidzo zvakasiyana yakatsanangurwa mugwara renzira dzemurabhoritari.

Nei zvidzidzo zvebiofilm zvichida mitemo yazvo yokududzira

Zvinhu zvina zvinotara kana zvakabuda pakuedza methylene blue pabiofilm zvine zvazvinoreva kunze kweplate yazvo.

Zera rebiofilm nematrix ndizvo zvinotanga. Biofilm dzechikuru dzakakora, dzine zvisungo zvakawanda zvinobatanidza matrix, uye dzinonetsa kuti dhayi ipinde madziri. Vanyori ve2021 vanotaura kuti kupinda kwedhayi uye kutadza kwechiedza kufamba zvakanaka mubiofilm yakarongeka ndizvo zvipingamupinyi zvikuru. Nzira dzokutakura dzakaita sekuputira dhayi mucyclodextrin kuedza kugadzirisa chipingamupinyi ichocho chaicho; ndokusaka magadzirirwo edhayi ari chinhu chinoshandurwa mukuyedza, kwete nyaya diki yokungotaurwa.

Kuverenga huwandu hunoshandiswa kunouya pechipiri. Huwandu hwesimba rechiedza hunosvika panzvimbo pano hunosiyana nekanenge ka makumi mana, kubva pa8.1 kusvika pa320 J per square cm pawavelength imwe chete, uye simba rechiedza rinosvika panzvimbo pasekondi rinobva pa90 mW kusvika pamaW akati wandei per square cm. Wavelength imwe chete hairevi kuti chiedza chinosvika chakafanana, uye hapana chimwe chezvidzidzo chinoshandura huwandu uhwu zvakarongeka zvakakwana kuti chiratidze hukama hwacho pagirafu.

Mapoka ekuenzanisa anouya pechitatu. Chidzidzo chisina boka redhayi iri murima hachigoni kubvisa mukana wokuti dhayi ine chepfu yayo pachayo; uye chidzidzo chisina boka rechiedza chete hachigoni kuti pane chakakonzerwa nokumutswa nechiedza. Mapepa ose ari maviri ane mapoka ose aya, zvinova zvakanaka pakurongwa kwawo. Pepa rebiofilm yakakura rinoratidza kukosha kweboka rechiedza chete: pasina iro, zvakabuda pametabolism zvaizodudzirwa sokunge zvakakonzerwa nedhayi.

Zvinoyerwa zvinouya pechina. Kurarama kwezvipenyu, metabolism, kuwanda kweDNA, huremu hwezvinhu zvipenyu, chimiro, uye kukura zvakare zvinhu zvitanhatu zvakasiyana zvinogona kutaurwa. Hapana pepa pano rinoyera zvinopfuura zviviri. Kukura zvakare, zvikurukuru, hakuna kuyerwa pose apa, saka kuramba kuripo kwekuchinja hakuna kuyerwa, kwete kuti kwakaratidzwa.

Zvisingaratidzwi neizvi pamusoro pokurapa hutachiona

Hapana muenzaniso wakagadzirwa pano une kufamba kweropa, masero anodzivirira muviri, kuyerera kwemate, kuchinjana kwemvura iri pakati pezino nengamu, kana kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakanamatira nemichina. Kuwanda kwedhayi mutsime hakusi kuwanda kwayo munyama dzemuviri mushure mekupinzwa mumunhu nenzira ipi neipi. Kuvheneka kamwe chete kwemaminitsi 5 kana kwemasekonzi 90 pabiofilm diki, kana kunyange yakakura, yemurabhoritari hakusi chirongwa chokurapwa. Vanyori vebiofilm yakakura vanozvitaura izvi pachavo pavanoisa photodynamics senzira ingawedzerwa pakubvisa biofilm nemichina, kwete senzira yokubvisa zvose inoshanda yoga.

Pfupiso yakarurama ine miganhu yakajeka uye inoramba ichishanda. Methylene blue yakamutswa nechiedza inogona kuderedza metabolism nehuwandu hunotorwa kubva paDNA muboka rezvipenyu zvemumuromo rakakura murabhoritari, pasina kuriparadza; muchirongwa ichocho, chiedza chete ndicho chinokonzera chikamu chikuru chekuchinja kwemetabolism. Dhayi inotakurwa necyclodextrin uye yakamutswa nechiedza inogona kuderedza huwandu hwezvipenyu nezvikamu zvechikero chelogarithm mubiofilm diki yestreptococci yemurabhoritari, kusvika pachiyero chinofananidzwa nechlorhexidine mumuenzaniso mumwe chete. Kuti chimwe chezvakaonekwa izvi chingashanda pahutachiona mumunhu kunotsamira pakusvitswa kwedhayi, kusvikika kwechiedza, oxygen, chimiro chemuviri, uye zvinoyerwa pakurapwa kwevanhu izvo kuyedza uku kusina kumbogadzirirwa kuyera.