Chinyorwa
Kuenderana kwemethylene blue nemasefa, zvirimwa, shrimp, uye matangi emvura yemugungwa
Tetra inorwara inomutsa mibvunzo miviri yakasiyana. Wokutanga ndewekuti methylene blue inoenderana here nedambudziko racho. Wechipiri ndewekuti tangi racho rinogona kuiswa methylene blue here zvachose. Kuvhiringidza mibvunzo iyi miviri ndiko kunokonzera kukundikana kuzhinji panyaya yekuenderana.
Kurapa kune zvikamu zviviri: kemikari pamwe nesisitimu yainoiswa. Mudziyo usina zvekushongedza unoshandiswa kurapira hove netangi rine zvirimwa nehove dzemarudzi akasiyana, rine sisitimu yakagadzikana, masisitimu akasiyana kunyange aine marudzi ehove mamwe chete. Murayiridzo wakanyorerwa mumwe haungoshandiswi pane mumwe. Nhungamiro iyi inoona kuenderana sechinhu chinoenderana nesisitimu, ichishandisa lebheri yechigadzirwa chimwe sereferensi uye ichiratidza panenge paine humbowo hushoma.
Zvinotaurwa nelebheri inoshandiswa sereferensi
Ruzivo rwechigadzirwa chemethylene blue cheKordon runotsanangura mushonga we2.303% wakanyungudutswa mumvura, wakagadzirirwa hove dzekushongedza. Mashandisirwo anotaurwa anosanganisira mazai ehove, zvinetso zvefungus zviri pamusoro pemuviri, mamwe maprotozoa epanze, uye kubatsira pakuiswa muchetura nenitrite kana cyanide kunenge kuchizivikanwa. Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya, makonye efluke, Oodinium, uye chirwere chefungus chinenge chanyanya hazvisi parondedzero iyoyo.
Mirayiridzo iyoyo ine yambiro pamusoro pekuenderana. Kordon inoti chigadzirwa hachifaniri kushandiswa mumasisitimu anovimba nekusefa kunoitwa nezvipenyu, chinogona kukanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa kwakajairika, kabhoni yakabatidzwa inochibvisa, uye matombo ane maburi, korari, nehuni zvinochitora. Kurapa kunofanira kuitwa mumidziyo isina zvekushongedza, silicone inogona kuva nemavara asingazobvi, uye kuchenesa kunoda kuchinja mvura nekuisa kabhoni itsva.
Mashoko iwayo anotopindura mibvunzo miviri inowanzotsvakwa. Kana uchibvunza kuti methylene blue inokanganisa sei sefa yezvipenyu, mhinduro yemugadziri ndeyekuti usaise pedyo nesefa iyoyo. Kana uchibvunza kuti methylene blue inogona kushandiswa here mutangi rine zvirimwa, mhinduro ndeyekuti kukanganiswa kwekukura kwezvirimwa kunotarisirwa. Zvinotevera zvinotsanangura chikonzero chacho, uye panofanira kushandiswa kungwarira kana mashoko ekutsvakurudza asipo.
Kuziva chiri kurwarisa hove nemhando yemvura zvinofanira kutanga zvatariswa usati waongorora izvi, sezvinotsanangurwa mumethylene blue yehove dzemuakwariyamu. Zvikanganiso pakuwanda kwemushonga mumvura zvinowedzera kusawirirana zvinotsanangurwa mureferensi yekururama kwehuwandu hunoiswa, uye zvikonzero zvekuparadzanisa pakurapa mazai zvinowanikwa munhungamiro yekurapa munzvimbo dzekuchochonyera mazai.
Tafura yekuenderana
"Hazvizivikanwi" pazasi imhedziso, kwete pakasiyiwa pasina chinhu mutafura. Zvinoreva kuti hapana kuyedza kwakadzorwa muakwariyamu kunopa hwaro hwekuisa zvipenyu izvi mumushonga, saka zvinofanira kuparadzaniswa sezvinowanzoitwa.
| Chikamu chesisitimu | Mutongo | Hwaro nemaitiro ekuchibata |
|---|---|---|
| Sefa yezvipenyu yakagadzikana | Dzivisa mutangi rekuratidzira | Inodzivisa nitrification. Imwe ongororo yemvura yakachena yakanyora mazuva 16 pasina nitrification mushure mekuiswa kamwe chete mumvura ine 5 mg/L. Rapira hove padziri dzoga; ongorora ammonia nenitrite musisitimu ipi neipi yakaiswa mushonga kusvikira zvadzokera pane zvakajairika. |
| Zvirimwa zvipenyu | Dzivisa mutangi rekuratidzira | Kordon inoyambira nezvekukanganiswa kwekukura. Mashoko ekutsvakurudza pamusoro peduckweed anoratidza kuderera kwekukura pa50 mg/L, iri pamusoro zvikuru pehuwandu hunoshandiswa pakurapa, uye hapana mashoko kubva mukuyedza kwakadzorwa eAnubias, Cryptocoryne, kana Java fern pa1 kusvika 3 mg/L. Kusavapo kwemashoko erudzi rwechirimwa hakurevi kuchengeteka. |
| Shrimp, Neocaridina neCaridina | Hazvizivikanwi, zvibate sezvinokurumidza kukanganiswa | Hapana mashoko kubva mukuyedza kwakadzorwa ehuwandu hunoiswa kune shrimp dzekushongedza. Mashoko ezvimwe zvipuka zvine goko zvakada kufanana nadzo anopikisana, kubva pakukuvadza Daphnia pahuwandu hwemicrogram kusvika pakushivirira kwakanyanya kukwirira kwepenaeid. Usarega shrimp dzichipinda mumvura yekurapa. |
| Hozhwa | Hazvizivikanwi, dzibate sedzinokurumidza kukanganiswa | Hapana mashoko anobatsira ehuwandu hwekurapa hozhwa dzinowanikwa kazhinji mumaakwariyamu. Usafungidzira kuchengeteka kubva pahuwandu hunoshandiswa kuhove. |
| Crayfish nezvimwe zvipuka zvine goko | Hazvizivikanwi, zvibate sezvinokurumidza kukanganiswa | Kukurumidza kukanganiswa kunosiyana zvikuru pakati pemapoka ezvipenyu, saka kushandisa mhedziso yeboka rimwe kune rimwe hakushandi. Zviparadzanise. |
| Dzimwe mhuka dzisina muzongoza | Hazvizivikanwi, dzibate sedzinokurumidza kukanganiswa | "Methylene blue nemhuka dzisina muzongoza" haisi nyaya inogona kupindurwa nechirevo chimwe chete. Sarudza kudziparadzanisa sezvinowanzoitwa. |
| Hove dzisina makwande, maloach, hove zhinji dzemhuri yekatfish | Ngwarira, ongorora imwe neimwe zvakasiyana | Miganhu yekukanganiswa nedhayi yoga haina kunyatsotsanangurwa. Ongororo dzinoti haina muchetura wakawanda semalachite green asi dzinotaura kufa kwemamwe marudzi; kuyedza kwekatfish kuripo kunosanganisa dhayi nemunyu. Wana zano rachiremba wemhuka rakanangana nerudzi rwehove. |
| Hove dzemvura yemunyu, tangi rekuparadzanisa risina zvekushongedza | Lebheri inosanganisira hove dzemugungwa, pakuparadzanisa chete | Shandisa mudziyo wekurapira hove chete, une kupinzwa kwemhepo uye kuongororwa. Izvi hazvirevi kuti yakachengeteka kukorari nezvipenyu zvinogara pairi. |
| Tangi rekuratidzira korari nezvipenyu zvinogara pairi, korari, matombo ane zvipenyu | Dzivisa | Matombo ane zvipenyu anowanzova iwo sefa yezvipenyu, korari nematombo ane maburi zvinotora dhayi maererano neKordon, uye nitrification yemumvura yemugungwa yakaratidzwa kuti inogona kukanganiswa. Kuyedza kumwe chete pakorari yakapfava nehuwandu hunenge chikamu chimwe chegumi chehunoshandiswa pakurapa hakuratidzi kuchengeteka. |
| Kabhoni, zvinhu zvekusefa zvine maburi, silicone | Bvisa kana kubvuma kurasikirwa | Kabhoni inobvisa dhayi panguva yekurapa uye ndiyo inonzi ishandiswe pakuchenesa mushure mezvo. Zvinhu zvine maburi zvinoitora; silicone inogona kuva nemavara. |
| Skimmer yemapuroteni | Hazvizivikanwi | Hapana mashoko akavimbika pamusoro pekubatana kweskimmer nedhayi yoga. Zvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa zvinoudza vashandisi kuti vamise skimmer zvine zvimwe zvinhu uye hazviratidzi chinhu pamusoro pemethylene blue yoga. |
Referensi yekuchengeteka kwemarudzi anokurumidza kukanganiswa nemhuka dzisina muzongoza inounganidza izvi zvisingazivikanwi ichizvitsanangura zvakadzama.
Nei sefa yezvipenyu ichinyanya kukosha
Zvipenyu zvinoita nitrification zvinoshandura ammonia nenitrite uku hove dzichiramba dzichiburitsa tsvina, saka kudzvinyirira zvipenyu izvi kunogadzira dambudziko rechipiri rinoda kukurumidza kugadziriswa pakati pedambudziko rekutanga. Nhungamiro yeUF/IFAS pamusoro pemakemikari mumasisitimu anotenderedza mvura inoronga methylene blue pakati pezvinodzivisa kushanda kwesefa yezvipenyu uye inokurudzira kurapira hove mumatangi abviswa pasisitimu, mvura yakawanda ichichinjwa asati abatanidzwazve.
Kukurumidza kukanganiswa kunosiyana neboka rezvipenyu riripo. Basa remurabhoritari rakaona chimwe chipenyu chemumvura yemugungwa chinoshandura ammonia chichidziviswa pa10 zvikamu pabhiriyoni, asi chimwe chaida 10 zvikamu pamiriyoni, uye mamwe masero akafa pane kungodzvinyirirwa kwenguva pfupi. Tsvakurudzo yemumvura yemugungwa yakaonawo kukanganiswa kwekushandurwa kweammonia kuchienderera kunyange mvura yekurapa yatsiviwa.
Hapana nguva imwe chete inoshanda kwese yekuti sefa yezvipenyu idzokere pakushanda mushure memethylene blue. Mazuva 16 ndiwo akaonekwa mune imwe ongororo yemvura yakachena pakuiswa mumushonga kamwe chete, kwete vimbiso, uye haafaniri kumbotaurwa senguva inogara ichishanda. Bata sefa yakaiswa mushonga seyakanganiswa kusvikira kuongorora kwaratidza zvakasiyana: ongorora ammonia nenitrite zuva nezuva, chengeta okisijeni yakawanda, uye usatora kupera kweruvara rwebhuruu sehumbowo. Kabhoni nekuchinja mvura zvinobvisa ruvara; kuongorora chete ndiko kunoratidza kudzoka kweutachiona hunobatsira pakushanda. Nhungamiro yeUF/IFAS yeutano hwehove inoisa kuongorora mvura pekutanga kana hove dzichiita sedzinorwara, uye nhungamiro yayo yeammonia inoti ammonia inokuvadza haina ruvara kana hwema.
Zvirimwa, shrimp, hozhwa, nehove dzisina makwande
Kumatangi ane zvirimwa, yambiro yemugadziri ndiyo humbowo hwakasimba zvikuru hunoshanda zvakananga. Mhedziso yeduckweed inoratidza kuti kukanganiswa kwekukura kunogoneka asi haiisi muganhu wemarudzi emuakwariyamu pahuwandu hunoshandiswa pakurapa. Ita kurapa kunze kwetangi rekuratidzira rine zvirimwa.
Kune shrimp nehozhwa, hapana huwandu hwakachengeteka hunogona kutaurwa. "Methylene blue yakachengeteka here kune shrimp" uye "methylene blue yakachengeteka here kune hozhwa" zvose zvinopindurwa nekuti hazvizivikanwi, izvo pakushanda zvinoreva kusadziisa mudhayi. Usashandisazve mvura yekurapa pakuchinja mvura kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye chengeta mambure nemapombi ekuburitsa mvura anoshandiswa pakurapa ari oga.
Hove dzisina makwande dzinoda kuongororwa imwe neimwe. Kushivirira kunoenderana nenguva pamwe nekuwanda kwemushonga mumvura: goldfish dzakachengetwa pa2 mg/L kwemazuva 21 dzakaratidza kuchinja mukukura nekushanda kwemiviri yadzo. Nguva iyi yakareba zvikuru kupfuura kurapa kwemazuva 3 kusvika 5, asi inoratidza kuti mashoko enguva pfupi yekurapa haashandi pakuiswa mumushonga kwenguva refu. Usamboshandisa huwandu hwehove ine makwande paloach kana katfish isina makwande, uye usambobatanidza munyu nedhayi usina zano, nokuti kuyedza kwezvakasanganiswa hakuratidzi muganhu wedhayi yoga.
Masisitimu emvura yemugungwa inyaya yakasiyana
"Methylene blue yehove dzemvura yemunyu" inotsanangura kuparadzanisa hove, kwete kuchengeta korari nezvipenyu zvinogara pairi. Mudziyo usina zvekushongedza une hove chete une huwandu hwemvura hwakayerwa, kupinzwa kwemhepo, uye hauna korari kana zvimwe zvinoumba nzvimbo yayo. Tangi rekuratidzira korari nezvipenyu zvinogara pairi rine korari, mhuka dzemhuri yehozhwa, zvipuka zvine goko, matombo ane zvipenyu anoita basa rekusefa, uye skimmer ine kudyidzana nedhayi kusati kwanyatsotsanangurwa. Zvakamboonekwa mutangi remvura yakachena rine marudzi akasiyana hazvingoshandiswi pano nokuti zvipenyu, sefa, nenzvimbo dzinobata dhayi zvose zvakasiyana.
Paradzanisa hove uye usakanganisa tangi rekorari nezvipenyu zvinogara pairi. Usarega mvura yekurapa ichisvika pedyo netangi repasi rinounganidza mvura yetangi rekuratidzira.
Kugadzirira kunodzivisa kukundikana kuzhinji
Shandisa mudziyo wekurapira usina zvekushongedza pose apo tangi rekuratidzira rine sefa yakagadzikana, zvirimwa, shrimp, hozhwa, matombo ane zvipenyu, kana korari. Izvi zvinosanganisira anenge matangi ose ekuratidzira. Bvisa kabhoni panguva yekuiswa mumushonga, ramba uchishandisa kusefa kunobata tsvina nekupinza mhepo panobvumirwa nemaitiro acho, uye yera huwandu chaihwo hwemvura yekurapa uchishandisa mayuniti ari palebheri. Kana nguva yakatarwa yekurapa yapera, chinja mvura woisa kabhoni itsva, wozotarisa hove iri kurapwa nesisitimu huru zvakasiyana.
Usati waisa mushonga, nyora dambudziko racho, chigadzirwa chaicho nehuwandu hwemushonga machiri, huwandu hwemvura hwakayerwa, nguva yekurapa, nehurongwa hwekucherechedza. Kana tafura iri pamusoro ichiti kuenderana kwechimwe chipenyu chiri mutangi hakuzivikanwi, mutsetse iwoyo woga unokwana kupa chikonzero chekushandisa mudziyo wakasiyana. Sarudza kuenderana mvura isati yashanduka kuva yebhuruu.