Chishanduri Chekonsentresheni Yemethylene Blue: % kuita mg/mL

Mushonga wemethylene blue wakanyungudutswa une 1% w/v une 10 mg/mL. Chiratidzo chinongoti “1%” chinosiya mubvunzo unokosha usina kupindurwa: igiramu rimwe pa100 milliliters dzemushonga wakanyungudutswa, kana kuti igiramu rimwe pa100 grams? Chekutanga chinoshandurwa zvakananga kuita mg/mL. Chechipiri chinoda dhensiti yemushonga wakanyungudutswa.

Vhura chishanduri chekonsentresheni kuti uise hwaro huri pachiratidzo, konsentresheni, uye vhoriyamu yakayerwa. Chishandiso ichi chinoshanda mubhurawuza rako uye chinogona kuchengetwa kuti chishandiswe pasina indaneti. Chinoverenga huremu hwekemikari uye zviyero zvakaenzana mumayuniti akasiyana. Hachisarudzi chiyero chinopiwa munhu, nzira yokuchipa, kana chirongwa chokurapa. Mibvunzo iyoyo inoda ongororo yakasiyana, inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chinoti nei konsentresheni isiri kurudziro yechiyero chokupa.

Verenga chinopatsanura usati waverenga nhamba

Konsentresheni inotsanangura kuti chikamu chemusanganiswa chiripo chakawanda sei kana chichienzaniswa neuwandu hwemusanganiswa hwakatarwa. Chinopatsanura ndicho chinotara zvinorehwa nenhamba. NIST inosiyanisa konsentresheni yehuremu nekonsentresheni yehuwandu hwechinhu chemakemikari: mg/mL inotsanangura huremu pavhoriyamu, nepo mol/L ichitsanangura huwandu hwechinhu chemakemikari pavhoriyamu. Izvi zviyero zvakasiyana.

Pachishanduri ichi, shandisa tsananguro idzi dzezvaunoisa:

Zvaunoisa	Zvazvinoreva	Chaunofanira kuisa
Muzana w/v	Magiramu echikamu chakadomwa pa100 mL dzemushonga wakanyungudutswa wapera kugadzirwa	Isa `1` kana iri 1%, kwete `0.01`
Muzana w/w	Magiramu echikamu chakadomwa pa100 g dzemushonga wakanyungudutswa wose	Isa muzana nedhensiti yemushonga wakanyungudutswa mu g/mL
mg/mL	Mamirigiramu echikamu chakadomwa pamilliliter yemushonga wakanyungudutswa	Isa konsentresheni yehuremu yakataurwa zvakananga
Vhoriyamu yakayerwa	Vhoriyamu yemushonga wakanyungudutswa uri kuongororwa	Isa mL; 100 µL i0.1 mL
Vhoriyamu yedonhwe yakatarwa nokuyerwa	Avhareji yevhoriyamu inobuda nedonhwe rimwe, yakawanikwa nokuyerwa	Isa mL/drop chete kana ichizivikanwa pamvura iyoyo nechishandiso chinoiburitsa

Tsananguro dzeEMD Chemicals dzemishonga yakanyungudutswa dzinosiyanisa zvakajeka w/v, w/w, uye v/v. Chishandiso ichi hachigamuchiri muzana wev/v, unotsanangura kuenzaniswa kwemavhoriyamu uye usingagoni kushandurwa kuita huremu hwechinhu chakanyungudutswa pachishandiswa muzana chete.

Shandura muzana wew/v kuita mg/mL

Kana muzana wakataurwa uri p pahwaro hwew/v:

Concentration in mg/mL = p × 10

Chikonzero chokuwanza ne10 chinobva pakushandura mayuniti: p magiramu mu100 mL akaenzana nep × 1,000 mamirigiramu akapatsanurwa ne100 mL. Kuti udzokere kune rimwe divi, patsanura mg/mL ne10.

Konsentresheni yakataurwa	Konsentresheni yehuremu yakaenzana nayo	Huremu huri mu0.25 mL
0.1% w/v	1 mg/mL	0.25 mg
0.5% w/v	5 mg/mL	1.25 mg
1% w/v	10 mg/mL	2.5 mg
2% w/v	20 mg/mL	5 mg

Iyi mienzaniso yesvomhu, kwete zviyero zvinokurudzirwa kupiwa. Cherechedza kuti kupeta konsentresheni kaviri kunopeta huremu kaviri muvhoriyamu imwe chete. Murayiro wevhoriyamu haugoni kungoshandiswa pamishonga ine konsentresheni dzakasiyana pasina kutanga waongorora konsentresheni yacho.

“Mushonga wakanyungudutswa wapera kugadzirwa” zvinokoshawo. Chiyero chegiramu rimwe pa100 mL chinotsanangura vhoriyamu yose kana kunyunguduka kwapera. Hazvirevi kuwedzera giramu rimwe kumvura yakatoyerwa kuva 100 mL. Pakugadzira mushonga wakanyungudutswa, vhoriyamu yokupedzisira ndiyo inoshandiswa sereferensi.

Shandura muzana wew/w uchishandisa dhensiti yemushonga wakanyungudutswa

Kana muzana uri p pahwaro hwew/w uye dhensiti yemushonga wakanyungudutswa iri ρ mu g/mL:

Concentration in mg/mL = p × 10 × ρ

Ngatitii mushonga wakanyungudutswa wokufungidzira une 1% w/w uye dhensiti yawo yakanyorwa i1.05 g/mL. Milliliter imwe ine huremu hwe1.05 g. Chikamu chimwe muzana chehuremu ihwohwo ndicho chinhu chakadomwa chakanyungudutswa: 0.0105 g, kana kuti 10.5 mg. Saka konsentresheni yehuremu yawo i10.5 mg/mL, yakaenzana ne1.05% w/v.

Dhensiti iri mumuenzaniso iwoyo ndeyokufungidzira nemaune. Haisi chiyero chakawanikwa nokuyera chigadzirwa cheBlupreme. Isa dhensiti yemusanganiswa chaiwo wapera kugadzirwa, patembiricha inoenderana nawo. Dhensiti yemvura kana yehupfu hwakaoma hwemethylene blue chiyero chakasiyana. Kana dhensiti isipo, chishanduri chinosiya kuverenga kwew/w kusina kupedzwa pane kungoisa 1 g/mL chisingakuzivisi.

Pakudzosera kuverenga kune rimwe divi, muzana wew/w wakaenzana nemg/mL yakapatsanurwa ne 10 × density in g/mL. Izvi zvinotsanangura nei w/w new/v zvichigona kuratidzika kuva nenhamba dzakada kufanana mune mimwe misanganiswa ine mvura yakawanda uye chinhu chakanyungudutswa chishoma, kunyange zvazvo tsananguro dzazvo dzisingatsivaniswi.

Verenga huremu huri muvhoriyamu yakayerwa

Kana konsentresheni yatonyorwa mu mg/mL:

Mass in mg = concentration in mg/mL × volume in mL

Chikamu chakayerwa chemuenzaniso wemurabhoritari che0.25 mL, chakatorwa pamushonga wakanyungudutswa wakachengetwa une 5 mg/mL, chine 1.25 mg yechikamu chakadomwa mutsananguro yekonsentresheni. “Aliquot” pano zvinoreva chikamu chakayerwa chemushonga wakanyungudutswa. Kuverenga uku kunofungidzira kuti chikamu ichocho chinomiririra mushonga wakanyungudutswa wakataurwa, une musanganiswa wakafanana pose.

Chishandiso chokuyera ndicho chichiri kutara kana 0.25 mL yakaburitswa zvechokwadi. Eppendorf inotsanangura kuti maitiro emvura netembiricha zvinokanganisa sei kushandisa pipette ine mutsago wemhepo. Svomhu dzakarurama hadzigoni kugadzirisa chishandiso chokuyera chisina kukodzera, furo remhepo, kana chikero chakaverengwa zvisizvo. Mhinduro inoratidzwa ine manhamba matanhatu ane kukosha pakuyera imhinduro yenhamba, kwete chirevo chokuti kuyerwa kwacho kwakarurama kusvika pamanhamba matanhatu.

Nei pasina nhamba yemadonhwe yakagara yatarwa

Mubvunzo wokuti “Madonhwe mangani ane 1 mg?” unoda zvose konsentresheni nevhoriyamu yedonhwe yakatarwa nokuyerwa. Mashoko okuti “donhwe rimwe” kana kutaridzika kwechidonhedzo hazvipi vhoriyamu iyoyo.

Kana avhareji yevhoriyamu yedonhwe yakayerwa iri d mL/drop:

Mass per drop = concentration × d

Pamuenzaniso wakajeka wokufungidzira une vhoriyamu yakatarwa nokuyerwa ye0.04 mL/drop uye mushonga wakanyungudutswa une 10 mg/mL, avhareji yehuremu i0.4 mg/drop. Maererano nesvomhu, milligram imwe inoenderana ne2.5 yemadonhwe iwayo eavhareji. Mhinduro iyoyo ine chikamu chedonhwe haitsananguri hafu yedonhwe inogona kuburitswa zvakavimbika uye haisi murayiro wokupa mushonga.

Basa reNIST rezviyero zvemadonhwe rinotara huremu nevhoriyamu yemadonhwe anoburitswa kuburikidza nokuyera. Mhedzisiro yechishandiso chayo chinoburitsa madonhwe nemazvo haigoni kungonzi ndeyechidonhedzo chinoshandiswa nevatengi. Shandisa ruzivo rwevhoriyamu yakatarwa nokuyerwa pamvura chaiyo, pachishandiso chinoiburitsa, uye mumamiriro echishandiso panguva yokushanda. Siya nzvimbo iyoyo isingamanikidzwi isina chinhu kana ruzivo irworwo rusipo; chishanduri chicharamba chichiverenga huremu kubva pavhoriyamu yakayerwa.

Chengetedza hwaro hwemakemikari huri pachiratidzo

Chishanduri chinoshandisa konsentresheni yawaisa mukuverenga kwose. Hachigadzirisi chiyero maererano nekuchena kwehupfu kwakawanikwa pakuongororwa, hachichinji pakati pehwaro hune mvura yakasungirirwa mumakristaro nehusina mvura iyoyo, hachiratidzi tsvina irimo, uye hachitaridzi kuti musanganiswa wakakodzera kushandiswa neimwe nzira. Kopa tsananguro yose yemakemikari kubva mugwaro rawatora mashoko pauri paunonyora mhedzisiro. Gwaro rinotungamirira pamusoro pekonsentresheni yemushonga wemethylene blue wakanyungudutswa rinotsanangura maenzanisiro ezvirevo zvekonsentresheni pazvigadzirwa zvakasiyana.

Usati washandisa mhedzisiro, nyora zvinhu zvitatu pamwe chete: konsentresheni yepakutanga nehwaro hwayo, vhoriyamu yakayerwa, uye huremu hwabuda. Wedzera dhensiti kana ruzivo rwevhoriyamu yedonhwe yakatarwa nokuyerwa kana chimwe chazvo chashandiswa. Zvinyorwa izvozvo zvinoita kuti kuverenga kugone kudzokororwa uye zvinobudisa pachena fungidziro dzaizovanzwa nenhamba iri yoga.